treatments-xml/data/9E/2A/A7/9E2AA724FFF4FFF7FEBFFDFCC65FFC4B.xml
2024-06-21 12:45:43 +02:00

111 lines
13 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="AF6472E0FD24A872EB8E6358CD8B1CF5" ID-CLB-Dataset="39107" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171144" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7b235ee0-db22-4606-8a01-05936f594932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171144" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1462832099420" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ward, P. S." docDate="2005" docId="9E2AA724FFF4FFF7FEBFFDFCC65FFC4B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00936.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 936" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Pheidole Westwood" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="6213DF5CFFD6FFD5FFB7FFFAC458FFBD" masterDocTitle="A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698662418635" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="AB1B896F735CDB2F801F624B80F45CFA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8F55479FFC03122A57EE776048E7E1A0">
<mods:title id="63801BE7E37BFC81D66C7A234E1A2BF6">A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6AF31B89FCC0AF9257244067E6AC2C4D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C2F52F6AB17DC4F807467E83870EF693">
<mods:roleTerm id="E3F24AA0E0673858193A74923D4C296D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="733F7CC48E5988F5EC27FAD848CC992A">Ward, P. S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="561A147EC3E86F2B38C8C5F7C9DB1FD3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A1DD70E2AE718A5F74198991D5A08BF8" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D871927E40CDC7FD5FA1F66D74598804">
<mods:title id="DB90F74B1D35E8872E626F5F30EDFC2D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="245CCEC9870373D7BCC1B673EA40DD50">
<mods:date id="18551E057853A21B18E4C21687CD934B">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C7B8FD4DBCB73B260060604D0C7621AB" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FCD5B3D61F7F3219072F4C32438D05BC">936</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="46E017915149CF92D346E038ED894D4C" unit="page">
<mods:start id="964941F125D390C7374D9E03E2EDC1B9">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="13AC5C7130517E58FE485AC51D422312">68</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="15D0020191B9A1AEE93BFD79F744576B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7E6074BF01BC6C2AB705625D3E8C22A6" type="CLB-Dataset">39107</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="503CB199B87457980E1C2597E26B7353" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171144</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="05963DC1E3F3C38AC6CACCE024AF916A" type="GBIF-Dataset">7b235ee0-db22-4606-8a01-05936f594932</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="074D640BC2341799641C068C328883FA" type="Zenodo-Dep">171144</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="9E2AA724FFF4FFF7FEBFFDFCC65FFC4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6268896" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120674384" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6268896" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E2AA724FFF4FFF7FEBFFDFCC65FFC4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E2AA724FFF4FFF7FEBFFDFCC65FFC4B" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="5E9945B9FFF4FFF7FEBFFDFCC65FFC4B" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="163C1632FFF4FFF7FEBFFDFCC609FD9D" blockId="34.[264,593,518,544]" box="[264,593,518,544]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="4D74A15EFFF4FFF7FEBFFDFCC609FD9D" bold="true" box="[264,593,518,544]" fontSize="11" level="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="0">
<emphasis id="24F7CA20FFF4FFF7FEBFFDFCC609FD9D" bold="true" box="[264,593,518,544]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="D1836DB1FFF4FFF7FEE8FDFCC609FD9D" ID-CoL="6N3H" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[351,593,518,544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F7CA20FFF4FFF7FEE8FDFCC591FD9D" bold="true" box="[351,457,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pheidole</emphasis>
Westwood
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="163C1632FFF4FFF7FEBFFDB6C6D1FC93" blockId="34.[264,1324,588,1014]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
This is one of the worlds largest ant genera, with more than 600 species recognized in the New World alone (
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FE5FFD8EC6DEFD33" author="Wilson" box="[488,646,628,654]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Wilson, E. O. (2003) Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, [ix] + 794 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wilson 2003</bibRefCitation>
). The native California
<taxonomicName id="D1836DB1FFF4FFF7FC12FD8EC055FD30" box="[933,1037,628,653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F7CA20FFF4FFF7FC12FD8EC055FD30" box="[933,1037,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pheidole</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are all ground­dwelling species, found in open, dry habitats. A few of the species are generalized scavengers, but most belong to a group of seed­harvesting specialists, the
<taxonomicName id="D1836DB1FFF4FFF7FC7DFD3EC067FD60" box="[970,1087,708,733]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">
<emphasis id="24F7CA20FFF4FFF7FC7DFD3EC067FD60" box="[970,1087,708,733]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. pilifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group, with fifteen species in the state. There are also three introduced species, currently of limited distribution and confined to urban areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="163C1632FFF4FFF7FE8FFCC6C65FFC4B" blockId="34.[264,1324,588,1014]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Species identification: keys in
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FD13FCC6C71FFCEB" author="Gregg" box="[676,839,828,854]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Gregg, R. E. (1959 (&quot; 1958 &quot; )) Key to the species of Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the United States. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 66, 7 - 48." type="journal article" year="1959">Gregg (1959)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FCE3FCC6C0E3FCEB" author="Wheeler" box="[852,1211,828,854]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Wheeler, G. C. &amp; Wheeler, J. (1986 g) The ants of Nevada. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, vii + 138 pp." type="book" year="1986" yearSuffix="g">
Wheeler and Wheeler (
<quantity id="D17BBBD7FFF4FFF7FBD0FCC6C0EBFCEB" box="[1127,1203,828,854]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.986" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="g" value="1986.0">1986g</quantity>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FB40FCC6C5D2FCC3" author="Wilson" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Wilson, E. O. (2003) Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, [ix] + 794 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wilson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
. Additional references:
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FD10FC9EC7D9FCC3" box="[679,897,868,894]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Clark, W. H., Blom, P. E. &amp; Lowman, A. M. (1986) Contents of a nest of the desert ant, Pheidole grallipes Wheeler, in Baja California, Mexico. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 62, 99 - 102." type="journal article">
Clark
<emphasis id="24F7CA20FFF4FFF7FD58FC9EC771FCC0" box="[751,809,868,893]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(1986)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FC3BFC9EC071FCC3" author="Cole" box="[908,1065,868,894]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Cole, A. C., Jr. (1956 c) Observations of some members of the genus Pheidole in the southwestern United States with synonymy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 31, 112 - 118." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="c">Cole (1956c)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FB83FC9EC501FC1B" author="Creighton" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Creighton, W. S. &amp; Gregg, R. E. (1955) New and little-known species of Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. University of Colorado Studies. Series in Biology, 3, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1955">Creighton and Gregg (1955)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FED1FC76C665FC1B" author="Davidson" box="[358,573,908,934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Davidson, D. W. (1977 a) Species diversity and community organization in desert seed-eating ants. Ecology, 58, 711 - 724." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Davidson (1977a)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FDFDFC76C75EFC1B" author="Johnson" box="[586,774,908,934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Johnson, R. A. (2000 a) Seed-harvester ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of North America: an overview of ecology and biogeography. Sociobiology, 36, 89 - 122 + 83 - 88." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Johnson (2000a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FCA4FC76C738FC1B" author="Johnson" box="[787,864,908,934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Johnson, R. A. (2000 b) Seed harvesting species of Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 36, 597." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">2000b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FCDBFC76C7F2FC1B" author="Johnson" box="[876,938,908,934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Johnson, R. A. (2001) Biogeography and community structure of North American seed-harvesting ants. Annual Review of Entomology, 46, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FC77FC76C0EBFC1B" box="[960,1203,908,934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Langen, T. A., Tripet, F. &amp; Nonacs, P. (2000) The red and the black: habituation and the dear-enemy phenomenon in two desert Pheidole ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 48, 285 - 292." type="journal article">
Langen
<emphasis id="24F7CA20FFF4FFF7FBA8FC76C00AFC18" box="[1055,1106,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
. (2000)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FB76FC76C517FC73" author="Martinez" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Martinez, M. J. (1992) A new ant introduction for North America: Pheidole teneriffana (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 68, 153 - 154." type="journal article" year="1992">Martinez (1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FEECFC4EC5C0FC73" author="Martinez" box="[347,408,948,974]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Martinez, M. J. (1996) The first North American record for the ant Pheidole fervens Fr. Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 72, 171 - 172." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FE12FC4EC5BCFC73" author="Martinez" box="[421,484,948,974]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Martinez, M. J. (1997) The first record of the ant Pheidole moerens Wheeler from the western United States (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 73, 46." type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FE4EFC4EC69AFC73" author="Snelling" box="[505,706,948,974]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Snelling, R. R. (1992 b) A newly adventive ant of the genus Pheidole in southern California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 91, 121 - 125." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="b">Snelling (1992b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FD79FC4EC041FC73" author="Snelling" box="[718,1049,948,974]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Snelling, R. R. &amp; George, C. D. (1979) The taxonomy, distribution and ecology of California desert ants. Report to California Desert Plan Program, Bureau of Land Management, U. S. Dept. Interior. 335 pp. + 89 pp." type="book" year="1979">Snelling and George (1979)</bibRefCitation>
, Ward (2000),
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF4FFF7FB7EFC4EC65BFC4B" author="Wheeler" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Wheeler, G. C. &amp; Wheeler, J. (1973 e) Ants of Deep Canyon. University of California, Riverside, California, xiii + 162 pp." type="book" year="1973" yearSuffix="e">Wheeler and Wheeler (1973e)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>