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<document id="EF151049BB2A960CD6989014566F1A91" ID-CLB-Dataset="30271" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6cfcf195-6db0-4b59-ac99-4f587276ba77" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1220984" ID-ZooBank="CB847E58-3354-4415-A2FC-C44A0F93F4B5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1524142836964" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mendoza, Jorge I. &amp; Francke, Oscar F." docDate="2018" docId="9E0F87D8FFC4FFC2A8A67F09EA1746FB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4407.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4407 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hemirrhagus akheronteus Mendoza &amp; Francke 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="460" masterDocId="6236FFA0FFC0FFCBA8317B36E9244453" masterDocTitle="Five new cave-dwelling species of Hemirrhagus Simon 1903 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae), with notes on the generic distribution and novel morphological features" masterLastPageNumber="482" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="455" updateTime="1698536314277" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4AF06D1AA75DED68359B2FE820FC2C51">Five new cave-dwelling species of Hemirrhagus Simon 1903 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae), with notes on the generic distribution and novel morphological features</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="773115436F238851D4220A74B603A5E8">Mendoza, Jorge I.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="9E0F87D8FFC4FFC2A8A67F09EA1746FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5952408" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143605145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5952408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E0F87D8FFC4FFC2A8A67F09EA1746FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E0F87D8FFC4FFC2A8A67F09EA1746FB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<paragraph id="161936CEFFC4FFCFA8A67F09EB184009" blockId="4.[151,572,1087,1147]" box="[151,572,1087,1114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFA8A67F09EB184009" bold="true" box="[151,572,1087,1114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC4FFCFA8A67F09E8F3400A" ID-CoL="3KSDX" authority="Mendoza &amp; Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,471,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akheronteus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFA8A67F09E8F3400A" bold="true" box="[151,471,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Hemirrhagus akheronteus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFC4FFCFA9EF7F76EB184009" box="[478,572,1088,1114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC4FFCFA8AE7F54E9CC4028" box="[159,232,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,445,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A─I, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN T0807.A, carapace, dorsal view.B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the positionof the posterior spinose setae.D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view.E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs 2</figureCitation>
̄5)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="5EBC6545FFC4FFCFA8A67F9CEC554158" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC4FFCFA8A67F9CEC554158" blockId="4.[151,1436,1194,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<materialsCitation id="A6CE3C93FFC4FFCFA8A67F9CE8FE40B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838119816" collectingDate="2012-05-06" collectionCode="CNAN" collectorName="Coll" country="Mexico" county="Rio Jalpan" location="Mpio. Jalpan de Serra" municipality="Cueva" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Queretaro" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFA8A67F9CE86C4090" bold="true" box="[151,328,1194,1219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFC4FFCFA8A67F9CE9F64090" box="[151,210,1194,1219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Type</typeStatus>
material:
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFC4FFCFA9607F9CE8974090" box="[337,435,1194,1219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="70B7AE0BFFC4FFCFA9E87F9DEB0C4090" box="[473,552,1195,1219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">CNAN</collectionCode>
T0807,
<collectingCountry id="6EB1765EFFC4FFCFAABB7F9DEBD94090" box="[650,765,1195,1219]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D462F82CFFC4FFCFAB397F9DEA5F4090" box="[776,891,1195,1219]" country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Querétaro</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="13796015FFC4FFCFABB97F9CEDA24090" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E0F87D8FFC4FFC2A8A67F09EA1746FB:13796015FFC4FFCFABB97F9CEDA24090" box="[904,1158,1194,1219]" country="Mexico" county="Rio Jalpan" municipality="Cueva" name="Mpio. Jalpan de Serra" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" stateProvince="Queretaro">Mpio. Jalpan de Serra</location>
,
<location id="13796015FFC4FFCFACA37F9DEC394090" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E0F87D8FFC4FFC2A8A67F09EA1746FB:13796015FFC4FFCFACA37F9DEC394090" box="[1170,1309,1194,1219]" country="Mexico" county="Rio Jalpan" municipality="Cueva" name="Las Animas" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" stateProvince="Queretaro">Las Animas</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F67DACB4FFC4FFCFAD1B7F9DEC554090" box="[1322,1393,1195,1219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Cueva</collectingMunicipality>
del
<collectingCounty id="FF784E42FFC4FFCFA8A67FF9E83740B4" box="[151,275,1230,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Río Jalpan</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingDate id="725CE9E6FFC4FFCFA92E7FF8E8BE40B4" box="[287,410,1230,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" value="2012-05-06">
<date id="6218100EFFC4FFCFA92E7FF8E8BE40B4" box="[287,410,1230,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" value="2012-05-06">06-V-2012</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="BB535318FFC4FFCFA9977FF8E8FE40B4" box="[422,474,1230,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Coll</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="A6CE3C93FFC4FFCFA9D77FF9EC554158" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838119800" collectingDate="2013-05-03" collectionCode="CEMAC, CNAN" collectorName="Coll. J. &amp; Mendoza &amp; Cruz &amp; Contreras &amp; Monjaraz." country="Mexico" county="Rio Jalpan" location="Mpio. Jalpan de Serra" municipality="Cueva" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Queretaro" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="70B7AE0BFFC4FFCFA9D77FF9EB6E40B4" box="[486,586,1231,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">CEMAC</collectionCode>
<collectingRegion id="D462F82CFFC4FFCFAA637FF9EBE240B4" box="[594,710,1231,1255]" country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Querétaro</collectingRegion>
.
<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFC4FFCFAAE37FF9EA1040B4" box="[722,820,1231,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="00A0FD47FFC4FFCFAB0D7FF9EA7540B5" box="[828,849,1231,1254]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="female"></specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="70B7AE0BFFC4FFCFAB6B7FF9EA8D40B4" box="[858,937,1231,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">CNAN</collectionCode>
T0808,
<collectingCountry id="6EB1765EFFC4FFCFAC3B7FF9ED5940B4" box="[1034,1149,1231,1255]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D462F82CFFC4FFCFACB87FF9EDD840B4" box="[1161,1276,1231,1255]" country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Querétaro</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="13796015FFC4FFCFAD387FF8E9D24158" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E0F87D8FFC4FFC2A8A67F09EA1746FB:13796015FFC4FFCFAD387FF8E9D24158" country="Mexico" county="Rio Jalpan" municipality="Cueva" name="Mpio. Jalpan de Serra" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" stateProvince="Queretaro">Mpio. Jalpan de Serra</location>
,
<location id="13796015FFC4FFCFA9307FC5E8AF4158" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E0F87D8FFC4FFC2A8A67F09EA1746FB:13796015FFC4FFCFA9307FC5E8AF4158" box="[257,395,1266,1291]" country="Mexico" county="Rio Jalpan" municipality="Cueva" name="Las Animas" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" stateProvince="Queretaro">Las Animas</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F67DACB4FFC4FFCFA9A77FC5E8FA4158" box="[406,478,1267,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Cueva</collectingMunicipality>
del
<collectingCounty id="FF784E42FFC4FFCFAA3F7FC5EBA34158" box="[526,647,1266,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Río Jalpan</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingDate id="725CE9E6FFC4FFCFAAA27FC5EA2A4158" box="[659,782,1267,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" value="2013-05-03">
<date id="6218100EFFC4FFCFAAA27FC5EA2A4158" box="[659,782,1267,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" value="2013-05-03">03-V-2013</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="BB535318FFC4FFCFAB287FC4EAFF4158" box="[793,987,1266,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Coll. J. Mendoza</collectorName>
, J.
<collectorName id="BB535318FFC4FFCFABCE7FC5ED1C4158" box="[1023,1080,1267,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Cruz</collectorName>
, G.
<collectorName id="BB535318FFC4FFCFAC527FC5EDF74158" box="[1123,1235,1267,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Contreras</collectorName>
, R.
<collectorName id="BB535318FFC4FFCFACCF7FC4EC554158" box="[1278,1393,1266,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Monjaraz.</collectorName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="5EBC6545FFC4FFCFA8F67E20E8D8428C" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC4FFCFA8F67E20E8854124" blockId="4.[151,1436,1194,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFA8F67E20E865417C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1302,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC4FFCFA9797E20EB48417C" authority="Mendoza &amp; Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[328,620,1302,1327]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akheronteus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFA9797E20EB48417C" box="[328,620,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Hemirrhagus akheronteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFC4FFCFAA427E20EBE9417C" box="[627,717,1302,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" rank="species">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFAA427E20EBE9417C" bold="true" box="[627,717,1302,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from all other
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC4FFCFAC537E20EDD3417C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[1122,1271,1302,1327]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFAC537E20EDD3417C" box="[1122,1271,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Hemirrhagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the lack of posterior median eyes in both sexes, and by the presence of posterior spinose setae in the opisthosoma dorsoposterior on male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC4FFCFA8F67EB4E8D8428C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1194,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC4FFCFA8F67EB4E8D441C8" authority="Mendoza &amp; Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,496,1410,1435]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akheronteus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFA8F67EB4E8D441C8" box="[199,496,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Hemirrhagus akheronteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFC4FFCFA9CD7EB4EB7F41C9" box="[508,603,1410,1435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" rank="species">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFA9CD7EB4EB7F41C9" bold="true" box="[508,603,1410,1435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is identified by possessing the following character combination: male palpal bulb with slender embolus, as long as tegulum, subapical keel retrolaterally extended ends at embolus retrolateral face; the posterior curvature of subapical keel occurs at the base of embolus; ventral groove deep; embolus strongly curved retrolaterally on distal half. The apex of the embolus slightly curved ventrally (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC4FFCFAD447ED8E99A4278" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,932,954]" captionTargetBox="[211,1380,205,904]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1393,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A─D, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN-T0807. Left palpal bulb: A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, prolateral view.Scale = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220990/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig 3A</figureCitation>
̄D). Ocular tubercle undeveloped; anterior median eyes reduced, anterior lateral eyes normally developed, posterior median eyes absent, posterior lateral eyes reduced. Periocular pigmentation absent (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC4FFCFAC987D00EDD8421C" box="[1193,1276,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,445,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A─I, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN T0807.A, carapace, dorsal view.B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the positionof the posterior spinose setae.D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view.E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig 2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC4FFCFAD367D01EC09421C" box="[1287,1325,1591,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,371,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,363,1867]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A─G, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, female paratype CNAN-T0808. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the absence of posterior spinose setae. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, Spermatheca, ventral view. Scale = 4mm (A̅C), 1mm (D̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220992/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">4D</figureCitation>
). Lacking urticating setae on abdomen (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC4FFCFA9C87D6CEB754220" box="[505,593,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,445,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A─I, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN T0807.A, carapace, dorsal view.B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the positionof the posterior spinose setae.D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view.E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC4FFCFAA527D6DEBA24220" box="[611,646,1627,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,371,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,363,1867]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A─G, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, female paratype CNAN-T0808. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the absence of posterior spinose setae. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, Spermatheca, ventral view. Scale = 4mm (A̅C), 1mm (D̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220992/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">4E</figureCitation>
). The male posseses a group of 11 spinose setae on opisthosoma dorsoposterior (PSP), these setae are in a socket and are mobile; also look similar to those seen on the legs (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC4FFCFAD447D48E99942E8" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,445,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A─I, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN T0807.A, carapace, dorsal view.B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the positionof the posterior spinose setae.D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view.E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig 2H</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca paired, slightly fused at the base, receptacles finger-shape, longer than wide at the base and strongly bent laterally (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC4FFCFA9AA7DF0E8D4428C" box="[411,496,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,371,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,363,1867]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A─G, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, female paratype CNAN-T0808. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the absence of posterior spinose setae. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, Spermatheca, ventral view. Scale = 4mm (A̅C), 1mm (D̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220992/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig 4G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EBC6545FFC4FFCFA8F67DDCEAEC4374" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC4FFCFA8F67DDCEAEC4374" blockId="4.[151,1436,1194,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFA8F67DDCE8754350" bold="true" box="[199,337,1770,1795]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific name is from latin
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC4FFCFAAD17DDCEA4C4350" authorityName="Mendoza &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[736,872,1770,1795]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akheronteus">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFAAD17DDCEA4C4350" box="[736,872,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">akheronteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which means pertaining to the stream of woe, referring to the acheron river in the infernal regions of Greek mythology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EBC6545FFC4FFC2A8F67C04EDCD466E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="description">
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC4FFCFA8F67C04EA34433C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1194,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC4FFCFA8F67C04E87F4318" bold="true" box="[199,347,1842,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Description:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFC4FFCFA9577C04E8EA4318" box="[358,462,1842,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male CNAN T0807 body length, 21.60, carapace 8.93 long, 8.89 wide. Caput not markedly elevated; fovea recurved, width 1.63 (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC4FFCFAA9E7C60EA27433C" box="[687,771,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,445,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A─I, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN T0807.A, carapace, dorsal view.B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the positionof the posterior spinose setae.D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view.E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig 2A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC4FFCEA8F67C4DEDE44537" blockId="4.[151,1436,1194,2011]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
Eyes: anterior eye row straight, posterior eye row straight. Periocular pigmentation absent, AME reduced, ALE normally developed, PME absent, PLE reduced. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.175; ALE 0.275; PME -; PLE 0.125; AME-AME 0.20; AME-ALE 0.10; PME-PME -; PME-PLE -; ALE-PLE 0.01. Ocular tubercle undeveloped, ocular quadrangle width 1.20, length 0.45; clypeus absent (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC5FFCEABDA7BA1ED6644E3" box="[1003,1090,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,445,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A─I, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN T0807.A, carapace, dorsal view.B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the positionof the posterior spinose setae.D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view.E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig 2D</figureCitation>
). Labium length 1.325, width 1.525; with 15 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with ~127 (left) and ~106 (right) cuspules (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC5FFCEAC8D7B8AEC354487" box="[1212,1297,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,445,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A─I, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN T0807.A, carapace, dorsal view.B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the positionof the posterior spinose setae.D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view.E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig 2E</figureCitation>
). Cheliceral promargin with 12 (left) and 14 (right) teeth (proximal to distal: first small, second-fourth large, fifth medium, sixth small, seventh medium, eighth-eleventh large, twelfth medium; first small, second-sixth large, seventh small, eighth large, ninth small, teenth-thirteenth large, fourteenth medium). Sternum length 4.0. Sigillae oval, first, second and third pairs hardly visible; posterior sigilla once its length from the margin (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC5FFCEAC507A7AED974537" box="[1121,1203,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,445,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A─I, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN T0807.A, carapace, dorsal view.B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the positionof the posterior spinose setae.D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view.E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig 2B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="42D96646FFC5FFCEA8A67C0AE9E543B8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" startId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" targetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC5FFCEA8A67C0AE9E543B8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1852,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC5FFCEA8A67C0AE8364301" bold="true" box="[151,274,1852,1874]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
A─I,
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC5FFCEA9627C0AEB7F4301" authority="Mendoza &amp; Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[339,603,1852,1874]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akheronteus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC5FFCEA9627C0AEB7F4301" box="[339,603,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Hemirrhagus akheronteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFC5FFCEAA507C0BEBFA4301" box="[609,734,1852,1874]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male holotype CNAN T0807. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the position of the posterior spinose setae. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view. Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="42D96646FFC6FFCDA8A67892EA1A478A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" startId="6.[151,250,932,954]" targetBox="[211,1380,205,904]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC6FFCDA8A67892EA1A478A" blockId="6.[151,1435,932,985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC6FFCDA8A67892E83747E9" bold="true" box="[151,275,932,954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
A─D,
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC6FFCDA96E7892EB4C47E9" authority="Mendoza &amp; Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[351,616,932,954]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akheronteus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC6FFCDA96E7892EB4C47E9" box="[351,616,932,954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Hemirrhagus akheronteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFC6FFCDAA5E7893EBC947E9" box="[623,749,932,954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male holotype CNAN-T0807. Left palpal bulb: A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, prolateral view. Scale = 1mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC6FFCDA8F67F31EDE340D9" blockId="6.[151,1437,1029,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Leg formula: IV, I, III, II. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 10.34, 5.30, 9.72, 9.44, 6.91, 41.71. II: 9.99, 5.03, 9.09, 8.94, 6.42, 39.47. III: 9.79, 4.11, 9.42, 9.84, 6.89, 40.05. IV: 11.98, 4.29, 10.93, 15.04, 7.90, 50.14. Palp: 7.28, 3.68, 6.37, -, 2.54, 19.87. Spinnerets: PMS, 0.96 long, 0.50 apart; PLS, 1.67 basal, 1.17 middle, 2.03 distal; midwidths: 0.77 basal, 0.70 middle, 0.47 distal.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC6FFCDA8F67FA3EDC84081" blockId="6.[151,1437,1029,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
Scopulae: Tarsi I-IV entirely scopulated, II-III divided by narrow band of setae and IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I-II densely scopulated;
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAA4A7F8CEB9F4081" box="[635,699,1209,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="1965-03">III 65</date>
% scopulated distally,
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAB877F8CEAD34081" box="[950,1015,1209,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="1925-04">IV 25</date>
% scopulated distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC6FFCDA8F67FEBEBC34131" blockId="6.[151,1437,1029,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
Tibia I with two apophyses, which do not originate from a common base, prolateral apophysis reduced and located between two large spinose setae, which exceed the apex of prolateral apophysis; retrolateral apophysis normally developed, with one large spinose seta on dorsal face, the spinose seta exceeds the apex of retrolateral apophysis (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC6FFCDA9277E7FE8424131" box="[278,358,1353,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,445,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A─I, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN T0807.A, carapace, dorsal view.B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the positionof the posterior spinose setae.D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view.E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig 2F</figureCitation>
̄G). Metatarsus I straight (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC6FFCDAAA07E7FEBFE4131" box="[657,730,1353,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,445,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A─I, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN T0807.A, carapace, dorsal view.B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the positionof the posterior spinose setae.D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view.E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
Fig
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAA8E7E7CEBFE4131" box="[703,730,1354,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">2I</date>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC6FFCDA8F67E5BEC04419D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1029,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Stridulatory setae: with plumose setae on palp coxa retrolateral face, trochanter retrolateral face, femur prolateral and retrolateral faces; leg I coxa prolateral and retrolateral faces, trochanter prolateral and retrolateral faces, femur prolateral face; leg II coxa prolateral face, trochanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC6FFCDA8F67EEFECA34245" blockId="6.[151,1437,1029,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
Chaetotaxy (left side): femora
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAA2E7EECEB1941A1" box="[543,573,1498,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">I 3</date>
p, 2r;
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAA4E7EECEB8341A1" box="[639,679,1498,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">II 2</date>
p, 2r;
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAAD97EECEA3D41A1" box="[744,793,1498,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">III 3</date>
p, 1r;
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAB6D7EECEAAA41A1" box="[860,910,1498,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">IV 3</date>
p, 2r; palp 1p; patellae none; tibiae
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAD2A7EECEC1E41A1" box="[1307,1338,1498,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">I 2</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAD647EEFEC5641A1" box="[1365,1394,1497,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">6v</date>
, 3r;
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDA8A67EC9E99B4245" box="[151,191,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">II 2</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDA8EA7EC8E9D34245" box="[219,247,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">8v</date>
, 1r;
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDA9187EC9E87E4245" box="[297,346,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">III 3</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDA9477EC8E8854245" box="[374,417,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2010-05">10v</date>
, 3r;
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDA9E37EC9EB214245" box="[466,517,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">IV 2</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAA117EC8EB194245" box="[544,573,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">9v</date>
, 3r; palp 2p,
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAAE17ECBEBCB4245" box="[720,751,1533,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">6v</date>
; metatarsi
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAB597EC9EAA04245" box="[872,900,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">I 1</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAB927EC8EAE64245" box="[931,962,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">2v</date>
;
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDABFF7EC9EAD64245" box="[974,1010,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">II 1</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAC207EC8ED144245" box="[1041,1072,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">2v</date>
;
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAC0D7EC9ED4A4245" box="[1084,1134,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">III 4</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDACB87EC8ED904245" box="[1161,1204,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2012-05">12v</date>
, 2r;
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDACD47EC9EC3C4245" box="[1253,1304,1533,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">IV 5</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC6FFCDAD057EC8EC7B4245" box="[1332,1375,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" value="2014-05">14v</date>
, 3r.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC6FFCDA8F67D17E8C542D1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1029,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
Palp. Embolus slender, one and half times the length of tegulum, subapical keel ends at embolus retrolateral face; ventral groove deep. Embolus strongly curved retrolaterally on distal half. The apex of the embolus slightly curved ventrally (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC6FFCDA96D7D5FE89542D1" box="[348,433,1641,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,932,954]" captionTargetBox="[211,1380,205,904]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1393,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A─D, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN-T0807. Left palpal bulb: A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, prolateral view.Scale = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig 3A</figureCitation>
̄D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC6FFCDA8F67DBBE83B42BD" blockId="6.[151,1437,1029,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
Urticating setae: lacking, but posseses a group of 11 spinose setae on opisthosoma dorsoposterior (PSP), these setae are inserted in a socket and are mobile (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC6FFCDAAA27D87EA244299" box="[659,768,1713,1738]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,451,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,445,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A─I, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, male holotype CNAN T0807.A, carapace, dorsal view.B, prosoma, ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view indicating the positionof the posterior spinose setae.D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view.E, labial and maxillary cuspules. F, tibial apophyses, prolateral view. G, tibial apophyses, ventral view. H, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the posterior spinose setae. I, metatarsus I, prolateral view.Scale = 2mm (A̅C, H, I), 1mm (E), 0.8mm (F, G), 0.5mm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig 2C,H</figureCitation>
). This spinose setae looks at first sight similar to those seen on the legs..
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC6FFCDA8F67DCFEDA74341" blockId="6.[151,1437,1029,2026]" box="[199,1155,1785,1810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Color pattern: in ethanol specimen color is pale brown. Live specimen is dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC6FFCDA8F67C29EBAC4309" blockId="6.[151,1437,1029,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<typeStatus id="C91D886CFFC6FFCDA8F67C29E80D4364" box="[199,297,1823,1847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
female CNAN T0808: body length 24.63, carapace 10.29 long, 8.18 wide. Caput not markedly elevated; fovea straight, 2.13 wide (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC6FFCDAA167C77EB584309" box="[551,636,1857,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,371,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,363,1867]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A─G, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, female paratype CNAN-T0808. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the absence of posterior spinose setae. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, Spermatheca, ventral view. Scale = 4mm (A̅C), 1mm (D̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220992/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC6FFCCA8F67C51EAEC4513" blockId="6.[151,1437,1029,2026]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
Eyes: anterior eye row straight, posterior eye row straight. Periocular pigmentation absent, AME reduced, ALE normally developed, PME absent, PLE reduced. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.15; ALE 0.30; PME -; PLE 0.225; AME-AME 0.19; AME-ALE 0.125; PME-PME -; PME-PLE -; ALE-PLE 0.01. Ocular tubercle undeveloped, ocular quadrangle width 1.43, length 0.40; clypeus absent (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC6FFCDAC767CE7EDBA43B9" box="[1095,1182,2001,2026]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,371,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,363,1867]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A─G, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, female paratype CNAN-T0808. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the absence of posterior spinose setae. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, Spermatheca, ventral view. Scale = 4mm (A̅C), 1mm (D̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220992/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig 4D</figureCitation>
). Labium length 1.63, width 1.95; with 18 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with ~153 (left) and ~152 (right) cuspules (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC7FFCCACF47BA1EC3144E3" box="[1221,1301,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,371,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,363,1867]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A─G, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, female paratype CNAN-T0808. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the absence of posterior spinose setae. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, Spermatheca, ventral view. Scale = 4mm (A̅C), 1mm (D̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220992/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig 4F</figureCitation>
). Cheliceral promargin with 15 (left) and 15 (right) teeth (proximal to distal: first small, second medium, third-sixth large, seventh medium, eighth large, ninth medium, tenth-fifteenth large; first-second small, third-seventh large, eigth small, ninth large, tenth small, eleventh-fifteenth large). Sternum length 4.25. Sigillae oval, second, third and fourth pairs hardly visible; fourth pair once its length from the margin (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC7FFCCAB587A11EA9F4513" box="[873,955,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,371,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,363,1867]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A─G, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, female paratype CNAN-T0808. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the absence of posterior spinose setae. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, Spermatheca, ventral view. Scale = 4mm (A̅C), 1mm (D̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220992/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="42D96646FFC7FFCCA8A67C78E87F438C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220992/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" startId="7.[151,250,1870,1892]" targetBox="[196,1391,371,1861]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC7FFCCA8A67C78E87F438C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1870,2015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC7FFCCA8A67C78E83C4337" bold="true" box="[151,280,1870,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
A─G,
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC7FFCCA9587C78EB534337" authority="Mendoza &amp; Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[361,631,1870,1892]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akheronteus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC7FFCCA9587C78EB534337" box="[361,631,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Hemirrhagus akheronteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFC7FFCCAAB37C79EA204337" box="[642,772,1870,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female paratype CNAN-T0808. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the absence of posterior spinose setae. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, Spermatheca, ventral view. Scale = 4mm (A̅C), 1mm (D̅F), 0.5mm (G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="42D96646FFC8FFC3A8A67DE9E8874361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220994/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" startId="8.[151,250,1759,1781]" targetBox="[196,1393,190,1745]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC8FFC3A8A67DE9E8874361" blockId="8.[151,1437,1759,1842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC8FFC3A8A67DE9E83742A6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1759,1781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
A─C,
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC8FFC3A96D7DE9EB4142A6" authority="Mendoza &amp; Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[348,613,1759,1781]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akheronteus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC8FFC3A96D7DE9EB4142A6" box="[348,613,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Hemirrhagus akheronteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFC8FFC3AA5D7DD6EBC242A6" box="[620,742,1759,1781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
habitat and habitus; A, Entrance of Cueva del Río Jalpan. B, Inside of Cueva del Río Jalpan collecting site of the species. C,
<taxonomicName id="D1A64D4DFFC8FFC3AACA7DC9EABC4347" authority="Mendoza &amp; Francke, 2018" authorityName="Mendoza &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2018" box="[763,920,1790,1812]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akheronteus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC8FFC3AACA7DC9EABC4347" box="[763,920,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">H. akheronteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FE157A7FFC8FFC3AB907DC8EAD14340" box="[929,1013,1790,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rank="species">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC8FFC3AB907DC8EAD14340" bold="true" box="[929,1013,1790,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female paratype CNAN-T0808, in life. Photos: A̅C, J. Mendoza.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC8FFC3A8F67C56ED9D43B7" blockId="8.[151,1437,1887,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Leg formula: IV, I, II, III. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 10.30, 5.44, 9.39, 8.83, 6.56, 40.52. II: 9.77, 5.13, 8.84, 7.94, 6.41, 38.09. III: 9.57, 4.47, 8.21, 9.81, 5.71, 37.77. IV: 11.85, 4.68, 10.99, 14.04, 7.98, 49.54. Palp: 7.42, 4.24, 6.43, -, 5.97, 24.06. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.27 long, 0.90 apart; PLS, 2.07 basal, 1.40 middle, 2.43 distal; midwidths, 1.0 basal, 0.97 middle, 0.67 distal.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67BA1EDCB4486" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
Scopulae: Tarsi IIV entirely scopulated, IIIII divided by narrow band of setae and IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi III densely scopulate;
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AA437B8BEB964486" box="[626,690,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="1965-03">III 65</date>
% escopulated distally,
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AB887B8BEADF4486" box="[953,1019,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="1925-04">IV 25</date>
% scopulated distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67BE9EC044513" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Stridulatory setae: with plumose setae on palp coxa retrolateral face, trochanter retrolateral face, femur prolateral and retrolateral faces; leg I coxa prolateral and retrolateral faces, trochanter prolateral and retrolateral faces, femur prolateral face; leg II coxa prolateral face, trochanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67A7AEDEF45DB" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
Chaetotaxy (left side): femora
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AA107A7BEB194537" box="[545,573,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">I 1</date>
p;
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AA6C7A7BEBA64537" box="[605,642,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">II 1</date>
p;
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AA937A7BEBF14537" box="[674,725,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">III 2</date>
p, 2r;
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AB267A7BEA6F4537" box="[791,843,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">IV 2</date>
p, 2r; palp 1p; patellae palp
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2ACB67A7AED814537" box="[1159,1189,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">1v</date>
; tibiae
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2ACC97A7BEC3C4537" box="[1272,1304,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">I 2</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AD027A7AEC774537" box="[1331,1363,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">4v</date>
;
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AD6E7A7BECAC4537" box="[1375,1416,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">II 2</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2A8A67A59E99145DB" box="[151,181,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">5v</date>
;
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2A8F37A46E9D745DB" box="[194,243,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">III 2</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2A93F7A46E81D45DB" box="[270,313,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2010-05">10v</date>
, 2r;
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2A95A7A46E8BA45DB" box="[363,414,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">IV 2</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2A9887A46E8F145DB" box="[441,469,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">8v</date>
, 3r; palp 1p,
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AA587A46EBB145DB" box="[617,661,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2011-05">11v</date>
; metatarsi
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AB3F7A46EA0A45DB" box="[782,814,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">I 2</date>
v;
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AB787A46EA5645DB" box="[841,882,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">II 2</date>
v;
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2ABBF7A46EA9B45DB" box="[910,959,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">III 3</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2ABEA7A46EAD345DB" box="[987,1015,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">8v</date>
, 2r;
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AC187A46ED7845DB" box="[1065,1116,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">IV 3</date>
p,
<date id="6218100EFFC9FFC2AC497A46ED8745DB" box="[1144,1187,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2010-05">10v</date>
, 3r.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67AA2EB084583" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
Genitalia: spermatheca paired, slightly fused at the base, receptacles finger-shape, longer than wide at the base and strongly bent laterally (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2A9FA7A81EB3B4583" box="[459,543,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,371,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,363,1867]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A─G, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, female paratype CNAN-T0808. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the absence of posterior spinose setae. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, Spermatheca, ventral view. Scale = 4mm (A̅C), 1mm (D̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220992/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 4G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67AEAE9C3464B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
Urticating setae: Lacking. Unlike the male, does not have spinose setae on opisthosoma dorsoposterior (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2AD447AEAE9FE464B" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,371,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,363,1867]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A─G, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, female paratype CNAN-T0808. A, carapace, dorsal view. B, prosoma ventral view showing the retrolateral projection on coxae of all legs (arrows show this feature only on coxa of third and fourth leg). C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, ocular tubercle, dorsal view. E, opisthosoma, posterior view showing the absence of posterior spinose setae. F, labial and maxillary cuspules. G, Spermatheca, ventral view. Scale = 4mm (A̅C), 1mm (D̅F), 0.5mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220992/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 4C, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67912EDCD466E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,680]" box="[199,1257,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
Color pattern: in ethanol specimen color is pale brown. Live specimen is dark brown (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2ACBA7912EDF9466E" box="[1163,1245,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1759,1781]" captionTargetBox="[196,1393,190,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[188,1398,185,1750]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. A─C, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species habitat and habitus; A, Entrance of Cueva del Río Jalpan. B, Inside of Cueva del Río Jalpan collecting site of the species. C, H. akheronteus sp. nov., female paratype CNAN-T0808, in life. Photos:A̅C, J. Mendoza." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220994/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EBC6545FFC9FFC2A8F67971EA1746FB" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="161936CEFFC9FFC2A8F67971EA1746FB" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="24D2EADCFFC9FFC2A8F67971EB764633" bold="true" box="[199,594,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
Known only from Cueva del Río Jalpan,
<collectingRegion id="D462F82CFFC9FFC2AC17797EEDBD4633" box="[1062,1177,584,608]" country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Querétaro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D462F82CFFC9FFC2AC957971EDDD4633" box="[1188,1273,583,608]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<collectingCountry id="6EB1765EFFC9FFC2AC957971EDDD4633" box="[1188,1273,583,608]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">México</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2AD387971EC724633" box="[1289,1366,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE23" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,193,987]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1437,193,987]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE23. Known distribution of Hemirrhagusmitchelli(Gertsch 1982), Hemirrhagus puebla (Gertsch1982), Hemirrhagus ocellatus Pérez-Miles &amp; Locht 2003, Hemirrhagus gertschi Pérez-Miles &amp; Locht 2003, Hemirrhagus valdezi Mendoza 2014, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species, Hemirrhagus diablo new species, Hemirrhagus billsteelei new species, Hemirrhagus pernix (Ausserer 1875), Hemirrhagus franckei Mendoza 2014, Hemirrhagus reddelli (Gertsch 1973), Hemirrhagus benzaa Mendoza 2014 and Hemirrhagus guichi Mendoza 2014. Showing the biogeographic provinces where they are found: SMO= Sierra Madre Oriental, EVT= Eje Volcanico Transversal, SMS= Sierra Madre del Sur, PCH= Provincia de Chiapas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221030/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 23</figureCitation>
). This area is a subregion of the Sierra Madre Oriental. The species lives only inside the cave; specimens were collected on walls at a depth of
<quantity id="D15E9B2BFFC9FFC2A9BF79A6E8F146F4" box="[398,469,656,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
from the entrance (
<figureCitation id="8E9D2A4BFFC9FFC2AA8179B9EA2246FB" box="[688,774,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1759,1781]" captionTargetBox="[196,1393,190,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[188,1398,185,1750]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. A─C, Hemirrhagus akheronteus new species habitat and habitus; A, Entrance of Cueva del Río Jalpan. B, Inside of Cueva del Río Jalpan collecting site of the species. C, H. akheronteus sp. nov., female paratype CNAN-T0808, in life. Photos:A̅C, J. Mendoza." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1220994/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig 5A</figureCitation>
̄B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>