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<mods:title id="4C909F6A5CB756C7BA595AFA3BF35404">First description of the male of Hitobiamakotoi Kamura, 2011 (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="835D7D9C6542185F5209D9AA0F3879B8">Zhou, Bing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3248F69BCE0AC39242CE76C0FA250D1D">Yin, Haiqiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5ED34EB7374880DE2C8E26FD51FCCDCB">Xu, Xiang</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="9D2523316978AB0CFE56A12CE70F7DCA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127880702" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D2523316978AB0CFE56A12CE70F7DCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D2523316978AB0CFE56A12CE70F7DCA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="F7838CF00F8C2844802D2A457A0241D7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="58BA417DC420E8BE59F3A07967892063" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Gnaphosidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E64EF7BE1F59D628D7479596344A5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2277C749EA2700AED2A4328F5A79294E" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="D93F394939E3B9CC8A4416BB3EAE110F" ID-CoL="3M5ND" authority="Kamura, 2011" authorityName="Kamura" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia makotoi" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makotoi">Hitobia makotoi Kamura, 2011</taxonomicName>
Figs 1, 2, 3, 4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3501D979A7B9B3C5F0476746E3AC26D1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1A8EA56BE6017306B6FD57AD7BE6872A" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="0A9E6CA4D1A0A3092E122C49FA131B02" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia makotoi" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makotoi">Hitobia makotoi</taxonomicName>
Kamura, 2011: 104, figs 3-7 (description and illustration of female).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="781FFBE14B0BF561F9225E47C619A250" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="058C44FE8E4BF2141D7FF2102A0F2F36" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia makotoi" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makotoi">Hitobia makotoi</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="98C48C92945118C7588CC7E4F9016310" author="Wang, C" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="25 - 34" title="Three species of Hitobia Kamura, 1992 (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from south-west China." url="10.3897/zookeys.464.8403" volume="464" year="2014">Wang and Peng 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 31, figs 17-23 (description and illustration of female).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C5CDAE046279E99949D0FBCB1052E6A6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="547A11FA93B0F73D0AD2C32203EA8A35" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE554CD2A5278FC397F7199C55CF0E4A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
2 ♂ (HNU), Cangjingdian (
<geoCoordinate id="AA57984503D3E74A9D3E4DCFEEB15FE5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="27.269">27°16.14'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5DEA6C91CD8CA9A3AAFF02C5D1B1DC59" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="112.695335">112°41.72'E</geoCoordinate>
, 950 m), Hengshan Mountain, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China, 8 July 2014; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HNU), Lingzhiquan (
<geoCoordinate id="4C49295B97D4B2E09121280243208AC5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="27.271334">27°16.28'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ECB761876F3E1189FAEB45F8EE30E40C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="112.70216">112°42.13'E</geoCoordinate>
, 650 m), Hengshan Mountain, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China, 8 July 2014; 1 ♂ (HNU), Shumuyuan
<pageBreakToken id="D6B440D76E5B15D27E5643CAEFD03FEA" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
<geoCoordinate id="0ED3E8804124892FCA15FEF4BD9E9CCE" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="27.2655">27°15.93'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="22AB01715AA3B47EAACBD89833BE83DF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="112.722336">112°43.34'E</geoCoordinate>
, 360 m), Hengshan Mountain Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China, 10 July 2014. All specimens were collected by Bing Zhou, Cheng Wang, Jiahui Gan and Yuhui Gong.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FFCB42A6A8846F4A1981402EB3AABE40" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4B7572C63B186C1E72A2BFA12633B7D3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8814D1AB015EF10662B4D5FD1624520" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Male of
<taxonomicName id="5A696B7B382DB370F1873C6186D58C66" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia makotoi" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makotoi">Hitobia makotoi</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all other
<taxonomicName id="F1C23FAC60CB235E5F98BE8A01105BB1" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hitobia</taxonomicName>
by the extraordinarily elongated retrolateral tibial apophysis which is nearly as long as the cymbium, and its distal end serrated and with a small hook apically (Figs 1B, C; 3A, B). The female of
<taxonomicName id="76F7E2E04137CF9DC820CB9FC64F9B27" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia makotoi" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makotoi">Hitobia makotoi</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="34D14B906BE2917CC7DE00C100D9B415" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia unifascigera" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifascigera">Hitobia unifascigera</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="64E25FC6C2E3C9D2AE93B4DB083F131B" originalValue="Bösenberg">Boesenberg</normalizedToken>
&amp; Strand, 1906) in having a transverse white band on the posterior part of opisthosoma, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: epigynal hood situated on the anterior part of epigynum, but situated at the middle part in
<taxonomicName id="47E7DA8FF9DE304DB3C1E77523A5023E" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia unifascigera" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifascigera">Hitobia unifascigera</taxonomicName>
; atrium vertically elongated, and almost as long as the epigynum, but short, and half as long as the epigynum in
<taxonomicName id="5F128FD4AD08A823CCEDB7E0D2534A29" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia unifascigera" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifascigera">Hitobia unifascigera</taxonomicName>
(Figs 2B, 3D, cf. fig. 633e in
<bibRefCitation id="68161B6080F40E79CD84098B52A4906A" author="Yin, CM" journalOrPublisher="Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" title="Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China." year="2012">Yin et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
and fig. 89H in
<bibRefCitation id="65A50505333BF0F69DFCD5B06F0E06E7" author="Song, DX" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" title="Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Gnaphosidae." year="2004">Song, Zhu and Zhang 2004</bibRefCitation>
); and finally, a long and thin spermathecae in
<taxonomicName id="A2C5D521706DFD83464677E5B32121B6" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia makotoi" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makotoi">Hitobia makotoi</taxonomicName>
, but thick and massive in
<taxonomicName id="9330361EAE64F71D7E169E9F6DE9222A" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia unifascigera" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifascigera">Hitobia unifascigera</taxonomicName>
(Figs 2C, 3E, cf. fig. 633f in
<bibRefCitation id="AC4D4B915DB68A56A22B1AE5C125C82B" author="Yin, CM" journalOrPublisher="Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" title="Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China." year="2012">Yin et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
and fig. 89I in
<bibRefCitation id="ABFF3BAD07AB09891E7AE6397AFE4776" author="Song, DX" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" title="Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Gnaphosidae." year="2004">Song, Zhu and Zhang 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="9CE28884767735A96BFE6B3A46B68683" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<paragraph id="BB78921FB1C670A0B2606756BEAB2CAD" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figure 1. Male of
<taxonomicName id="21E861608D7386795F883BEE53364871" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia makotoi" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makotoi">Hitobia makotoi</taxonomicName>
Kamura, 2011, based on the specimen from Hengshan. A Habitus, dorsal view B Left palp, ventral view C Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B10ECE1D95267BA17B6A563AA2A74083" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<paragraph id="E58DD6DD461114D966A12E4F341B84BB" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figure 2. Female of
<taxonomicName id="99925C463261B23D3DC6517DEB8B33E4" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia makotoi" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makotoi">Hitobia makotoi</taxonomicName>
Kamura, 2011, based on the specimen from Hengshan. A Habitus, dorsal view B Epigynum, ventral view C Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="14AEC8B568FF2BE4EF520B1DD70B01D0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<paragraph id="B8A64512B40C1C66288FACD49F4AD272" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName id="616119FAEE19226417F08DE89D753E3C" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia makotoi" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makotoi">Hitobia makotoi</taxonomicName>
Kamura, 2011.
<normalizedToken id="8C7E725DFF5F77710EB1BD9B94ECB7F8" originalValue="AC">A-C</normalizedToken>
Male: A Left palp, ventral view B Same, retrolateral view C Enlarged embolus and conductor, retrolateral view B, C Female: B Epigynum, ventral view C Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: C - conductor, E - embolus, FD - fertilization duct, H - hood, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, S - spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="281E225ACCCE87190BE48AB2EA4E8667" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="1D6319E190A5D23AA35D62283131590F" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A784DB44079C6FB910B11FB5D83ABF5C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Male: Body length 3.92. Prosoma length 1.78, width 1.18; opisthosoma length 2.18, width 1.01. Clypeus height 0.04. Carapace black brown, oval, widest at coxae II and III. Fovea and cervical grooves indistinct (Fig. 1A). Eye measurements and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.10, PME 0.08, PLE 0.10,
<normalizedToken id="9E1D519056085C53191770022287F3AB" originalValue="AMEAME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
0.03,
<normalizedToken id="88447FEF499F294F78B328EBE808A39D" originalValue="AMEALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
0.01,
<normalizedToken id="1E255B2C989D0820FEBF1C6CCAEA2C20" originalValue="PMEPME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
0.08,
<normalizedToken id="0FBD21DF5D426D08D8CA37DE6A4B686A" originalValue="PMEPLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
0.05,
<normalizedToken id="6A1B3810940CCF71AF77D72A78F9DE1E" originalValue="ALEPLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
0.07. MOA
<pageBreakToken id="A791A306072B68DECEFB0118E3AF2D09" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">anterior</pageBreakToken>
width 0.15, posterior width 0.20, length 0.07. Both eye rows recurved. Chelicerae with three promarginal (the middle one largest) and one retromarginal teeth. Endites yellowish, with some soft short hairs on the inner side. Labium yellowish brown, longer than wide. Sternum decorated with many black spots, anterior straight and posterior subacute. Legs femora
<normalizedToken id="F0C4E38B698D12951ECEA65BE7581D54" originalValue="IIV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
blackish brown, but yellowish brown dorsally. Trochanters I and II without ventral notch, III and IV each with a shallow ventral notch. Leg spination: femora: I, II, IV d1-1-1, p1-0-0, III d1-1-1, p1-1-0, v1-1-0; patellae: III, IV r0-1-0; tibiae: I p1-0-0, v2-2-2, II p1-0-1, v2-2-1, III d2-2-0, p0-0-1, v2-2-1, r0-1-1, IV d1-0-0, p1-1-1, v1-0-1, r1-0-1; metatarsi: I v2-0-0, II p0-1-0, v2-0-0, III d0-1-1, p1-1-1, v0-0-1, r1-1-2. Leg measurements: I 3.20 (0.88, 1.28, 0.60, 0.44), II 3.48 (1.00, 1.32, 0.68, 0.48), III 3.00 (0.84, 0.96, 0.76, 0.44), IV 4.12 (1.16,
<pageBreakToken id="DF7F36D24D3A5CC6C3E60CB72A44912B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">1.36</pageBreakToken>
, 1.04, 0.56). Leg formula: IV-II-I-III. Opisthosoma long and oval, covered all over with villi, and with a transverse white stripe postero-dorsally; venter light brown. Spinnerets cylindrical and blackish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AAACBC4682D7AF4A5EAA6127736287F4" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Male palp (Figs 1B, C, 3
<normalizedToken id="E144F8EAF0ABA729394248709E347629" originalValue="AC">A-C</normalizedToken>
): Tibia short, with several long prolateral macrosetae, retrolateral tibial apophysis extraordinarily elongated, nearly as long as cymbium, and its
<pageBreakToken id="1F871780964D77E3A09DC100F554C8FB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">distal</pageBreakToken>
end serrated and with a small hook apically. Bulb long and oval, simple. Conductor membranous, relatively large, originating from the middle part of bulb, covering the base of embolus. Embolus short, twisted, originating from the prolateral top of bulb, mostly hidden under conductor and only its tip visible in ventral view. A small membranous process originating from the retrolateral top of bulb, protecting the embolus together with the conductor (Fig. 3C). Two strong macrosetae situated at the top of cymbium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B5E4A730DA63997C07AF3F0F454FB0D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Female: Body length 5.45. Prosoma length 2.30, width 1.46; opisthosoma length 3.05, width 1.61. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye measurements and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.10, PME 0.08, PLE 0.10,
<normalizedToken id="F1D832732240AF1006519C77CB736CCB" originalValue="AMEAME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
0.03,
<normalizedToken id="9C4829B04720AC0A2DC5B9E801AB9517" originalValue="AMEALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
0.01,
<normalizedToken id="05DD2CCB2D80826D40A6FD46AB9FBEAA" originalValue="PMEPME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
0.08,
<normalizedToken id="157968B5CAC4D8E350C1BE04949E9A84" originalValue="PMEPLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
0.06,
<normalizedToken id="88DF21092AB11E27C7DF86AD86C44327" originalValue="ALEPLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
0.10. MOA anterior width 0.18, posterior width 0.23, length 0.12. Leg spination: femora: I, II, IV d1-1-1, p1-0-0, III d1-1-1, p1-1-0, v1-1-0; patellae: III, IV r0-1-0; tibiae: I p1-0-0, v2-2-2, II p1-0-1, v2-2-1, III d2-2-0, p0-0-1, v2-2-1, r0-1-1, IV d1-0-0, p1-1-1, v1-0-1, r1-0-1; metatarsi: I v2-0-0, II p0-1-0, v2-0-0, III d0-1-1, p1-1-1, v0-0-1, r1-1-2. Leg measurements: I 3.80(1.28, 1.40, 0.68, 0.44), II 3.88 (1.24, 1.44, 0.68, 0.52), III 3.52(1.12, 1.16, 0.76, 0.48), IV 5.28(1.52, 1.80, 1.20, 0.76). Leg formula: IV-II-I-III.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="794A8DF93288ACE9593CD6148382567C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Epigynum longer than wide, with a distinct anterior hood; atrium vertically elongated, and almost as long as epigynum, with the basal part very wide, and abruptly becoming narrow and extending to the anterior part (Figs 2B, 3D); spermathecae reniform, vertically elongated, separated from each other (Figs 2C, 3E).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35461DB5387824CB55A82E94A8B3BEF5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="remark">
<paragraph id="FC69EFAABE8B57980976A68464353DDA" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<pageBreakToken id="8B3CD0A34D6C950D291F790B5D6A061F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Remark</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB3F9E56B2CDB24A9150B5C735496AAD" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
There are very small differences between the holotype female and the newly collected female specimen in the present study: the distal part of atrium is narrower and the basal part wider in the newly collected female specimen (Figs 2B, 3D) than in the holotype (Fig. 6 in
<bibRefCitation id="A08D98505B4334D40EFE2E7BBFCA7046" author="Kamura, T" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="103 - 106" title="Two new species of the genera Drassyllus and Hitobia (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Amami-oshima Island, southwest Japan." url="10.2476/asjaa.60.103" volume="60" year="2011">Kamura 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A100A40B7785A199226902A52DE3EE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5B44855D99C7351CAD162E812C2A1EDB" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE9E2BB68947993DBE9790E12E05E0E4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
China (Hunan, Yunnan), Japan (
<normalizedToken id="1A0FEEB8CD00BDC8AF9AE8514022503F" originalValue="Amami-ôshima">Amami-oshima</normalizedToken>
Is.).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1F67B611A7254E96EC6D7F8B7587EA7A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph id="9E44BDB80B74656E6AB1446909D23F1E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 4. Distribution records of
<taxonomicName id="A33DF9611E5643DB53C082272629395E" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Hitobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hitobia makotoi" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makotoi">Hitobia makotoi</taxonomicName>
Kamura, 2011 in China.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>