206 lines
24 KiB
XML
206 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="73077A5D0D8EE5A4284F3202C2AD2448" ID-CLB-Dataset="22249" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2013.48" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02866e62-ab61-4cf4-9d98-0248e251084e" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3822836" ID-ZooBank="E7080722-E348-448D-96E5-D537F4865BB5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589219740188" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Thuy, Ben" docDate="2013" docId="9978976365FF85D0D3582422FDCA9EE8" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2013-48.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 48" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ishidacantha Thuy 2013, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0AA3C0DE-CB77-4AA9-847F-782B5B76F6CC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="6541EF1B6555857BD1302529FFF89F78" masterDocTitle="Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1698839159859" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AFF0ACCC5D1D426066425CC07F672B6E">
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<mods:title id="86177AA930ED374D2B442C1AE24157D0">Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A132C00ED3D37CFEE3C1A12B0BDD1FFD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CC4F299C049C23AA15222268C0DB831B">Thuy, Ben</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="136766D02ECD14FBCA04E1065EE54902">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="50587848DAD4162B80103DCB32AA152B">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="52388ACCB1596B20EB05E08AD32C8714">
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<mods:date id="644255BD4B2D3294DDF0E856987EEA4E">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="546902C9DC5343EB639575AD96E3836D" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="306487D47950EE66B448225511156D3C">2013-07-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="52D6E3E0325D9CBA05B03398A0E1F2A6" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="273767392DE0090F6ED2275FECA66C1A">48</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="B82CD9AF846D164280A3162769411865">242</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="E8D0BA59221E7AC9D64ADD40F8BAB60C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C05919EED8A893B98AB57D08C6400430" type="CLB-Dataset">22249</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CC88DCD49BBEE461634EA8249845FF13" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2013.48</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A8F808B34A7ADBC047F0F07D6BE625BA" type="GBIF-Dataset">02866e62-ab61-4cf4-9d98-0248e251084e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="571AB7843E7EE398D9AFFCC6C1F27F2D" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BB2FB9D0AD950BA104C3D8F705A2F7F4" type="Zenodo-Dep">3822836</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9978976365FF85D0D3582422FDCA9EE8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3844176" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164044741" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3844176" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0AA3C0DE-CB77-4AA9-847F-782B5B76F6CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9978976365FF85D0D3582422FDCA9EE8" lastPageId="171" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<subSubSection id="59CB75FE65FF85D1D3582422FC349E5E" box="[616,972,267,294]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D3582422FC349E5E" blockId="170.[356,1232,267,330]" box="[616,972,267,294]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<heading id="4A26911965FF85D1D3582422FC349E5E" box="[616,972,267,294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D38A2422FCA29E5E" authority="Thuy, 2013" authorityName="Thuy" authorityYear="2013" box="[698,858,267,294]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ishidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D38A2422FCA29E5E" bold="true" box="[698,858,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Ishidacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3896471C65FF85D1D2512425FC349E5E" box="[865,972,268,294]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59CB75FE65FF85D1D0542406FB289E32" box="[356,1232,303,330]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="description">
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D0542406FB289E32" blockId="170.[356,1232,267,330]" box="[356,1232,303,330]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<uri id="65402A7765FF85D1D0542406FB289E32" box="[356,1232,303,330]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="65771CA065FF85D1D3B32406FB289E32" box="[643,1232,303,330]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">0AA3C0DE-CB77-4AA9-847F-782B5B76F6CC</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59CB75FE65FF85D1D18D2458FC789EC2" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D18D2458FEA09EF3" blockId="170.[189,344,369,395]" box="[189,344,369,395]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<heading id="4A26911965FF85D1D18D2458FEA09EF3" bold="true" box="[189,344,369,395]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D18D2458FEA09EF3" bold="true" box="[189,344,369,395]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765FF85D1D18D2458FF029EF3" box="[189,250,369,395]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D18D2489FC789EC2" blockId="170.[189,896,415,442]" box="[189,896,415,442]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D18D2489FD9C9EC2" authority="Hess, 1965" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1965" box="[189,612,415,442]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D18D2489FEB69EC2" box="[189,334,416,442]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Ophiopholis</emphasis>
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?
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D0522488FE2F9EC2" box="[354,471,417,442]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">trispinosa</emphasis>
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Hess, 1965
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</taxonomicName>
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, by present designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59CB75FE65FF85D1D18D24C8FC309D53" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D18D24C8FE209E83" blockId="170.[189,472,481,507]" box="[189,472,481,507]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<heading id="4A26911965FF85D1D18D24C8FE209E83" bold="true" box="[189,472,481,507]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D18D24C8FE209E83" bold="true" box="[189,472,481,507]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Other species included</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D18D2739FC309D53" blockId="170.[189,968,528,555]" box="[189,968,528,555]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D18D2739FE3C9D52" authority="Thuy, 2013" authorityName="Thuy" authorityYear="2013" box="[189,452,528,554]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ishidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hirokoae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D18D2739FE3C9D52" box="[189,452,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Ishidacantha hirokoae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3896471C65FF85D1D0FC2738FDDF9D53" box="[460,551,529,555]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D36F2739FC9F9D52" authority="Thuy, 2013" authorityName="Thuy" authorityYear="2013" box="[607,871,528,554]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ishidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fuersichi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D36F2739FC9F9D52" box="[607,871,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Ishidacantha fuersichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3896471C65FF85D1D25E2738FC309D53" box="[878,968,529,555]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59CB75FE65FF85D1D18D277BFDFA9CED" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D18D277BFECE9D14" blockId="170.[189,310,594,620]" box="[189,310,594,620]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<heading id="4A26911965FF85D1D18D277BFECE9D14" bold="true" box="[189,310,594,620]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D18D277BFECE9D14" bold="true" box="[189,310,594,620]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D18D27A8FDFA9CED" blockId="170.[189,1399,641,917]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Ophiacanthid with large to moderately large LAPs displaying a very small height/width ratio, with even proximal LAPs almost twice wider than high; ventral portion of LAPs very large, wide, strongly protruding ventro-proximalwards; fine vertical striation on at least part of the outer surface; two variably well-defined, horizontally elongate and generally protruding spurs on the outer proximal and inner distal edges; three to four relatively large, ear-shaped spine articulations on elevated distal edge of LAP; inner side of LAP with two separate ridges, even in proximal LAPs; proximal ridge generally much longer than distal one; deeply incised but relatively small tentacle notches commonly developed as within-plate perforations in distal LAPs.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59CB75FE65FF85D1D18D2694FB2F9B34" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D18D2694FEBC9CAF" blockId="170.[189,324,957,983]" box="[189,324,957,983]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<heading id="4A26911965FF85D1D18D2694FEBC9CAF" bold="true" box="[189,324,957,983]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D18D2694FEBC9CAF" bold="true" box="[189,324,957,983]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D18D26C2FB2F9B34" blockId="170.[189,1398,1003,1101]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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Genus named in honour of my friend Yoshiaki Ishida, for his outstanding contributions to ophiuroid palaeontology and, most importantly, for his friendship and indefatigable support, and from
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<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D5C92126FAA39B51" authorityName="Laporte & Gory" authorityYear="1838" box="[1273,1371,1039,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Acantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D5C92126FAA39B51" box="[1273,1371,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Acantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a nymph in Greek mythology whose name literally translates to “thorny”; gender feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59CB75FE65FF85D0D18D215DFDCA9EE8" lastPageId="171" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D18D215DFED79BF6" blockId="170.[189,303,1140,1166]" box="[189,303,1140,1166]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<heading id="4A26911965FF85D1D18D215DFED79BF6" bold="true" box="[189,303,1140,1166]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D18D215DFED79BF6" bold="true" box="[189,303,1140,1166]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D1D18D218AFC869A86" blockId="170.[189,1399,1187,1534]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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The ophiacanthid fossil record inlcudes an unusual
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<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765FF85D1D219218DFCA49BC6" box="[809,860,1188,1214]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
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of dissociated LAPs charactersied by a very small height/width ratio, coarsely meshed or vertically striated stereom on the outer surface, a strongly protruding, very large and wide ventral portion, three to four relatively large spine articulations, two separate ridges on the inner side, and relatively small but deeply incised tentacle notches. LAPS of this
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<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765FF85D1D18D201BFF089A34" box="[189,240,1330,1356]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
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were described by
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<bibRefCitation id="75405B8465FF85D1D0EB201BFD819A34" author="Hess H." box="[475,633,1329,1356]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1059 - 1082" refId="ref122348" refString="Hess H. 1965 a. Mikropalaontologische Untersuchungen an Ophiuren IV: Die Ophiuren aus dem Renggeri-Ton (Unter-Oxford) von Chapois (Jura) und Longecombe (Ain). Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae 58: 1059 - 1082." type="journal article" year="1965">Hess (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
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from the Oxfordian of
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<collectingCountry id="69C666E565FF85D1D2A5201BFC1D9A34" box="[917,997,1330,1356]" name="France" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">France</collectingCountry>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D520201BFB599A34" box="[1040,1185,1330,1356]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D520201BFB599A34" box="[1040,1185,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Ophiopholis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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?
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<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D587201BFF039A08" authority="Hess, 1965" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1965" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ishidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trispinosa">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D587201BFAD49A33" box="[1207,1324,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">trispinosa</emphasis>
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Hess, 1965
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</taxonomicName>
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. Very similar LAPs from the Toarcian/Aalenian of
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<collectingCountry id="69C666E565FF85D1D241207CFC269A17" box="[881,990,1365,1391]" name="Germany" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Germany</collectingCountry>
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and the Toarcian of
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<collectingCountry id="69C666E565FF85D1D5D2207FFACA9A08" box="[1250,1330,1366,1392]" name="France" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">France</collectingCountry>
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were described by
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<bibRefCitation id="75405B8465FF85D1D06E2050FDE79AEC" author="Kutscher M." box="[350,543,1401,1428]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref124626" refString="Kutscher M. 1996. Echinodermata aus dem Ober-Toarcium und Aalenium Deutschlands II. Ophiuroidea. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie B 242: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1996">Kutscher (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="75405B8465FF85D1D36D2050FC759AEB" author="Kutscher M. & Villier L." box="[605,909,1401,1427]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="179 - 194" refId="ref124791" refString="Kutscher M. & Villier L. 2003. Ophiuroid remains from the Toarcian of Sainte-Verge (Deux-Sevres, France): paleobiological perspectives. Geobios 36 (2): 179 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (03) 00005 - 6" type="journal article" year="2003">Kutscher &Villier (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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, respectively, and in both cases assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D1EB20B4FDA19ACF" authority="(Wright, 1866)" baseAuthorityName="Wright" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[219,601,1436,1463]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Sinosura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brodiei">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D1EB20B4FE679ACE" box="[219,415,1436,1463]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Sinosura brodiei</emphasis>
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(Wright, 1866)
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</taxonomicName>
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, an extinct genus with probable ophioleucinid affinities (Thuy
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D40C20B4FA8F9ACE" box="[1340,1399,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
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2011). Surprisingly, neither the close morphological similarities between these occurrences nor their ophiacanthid affinities have been commented on previously.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="116E267565FF85D0D18D230FFDCA9EE8" blockId="170.[189,1399,1573,2027]" lastBlockId="171.[189,1399,267,401]" lastPageId="171" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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A careful, SEM-supported re-examination of this material has now confirmed the ophiacanthid affinites and enabled a reinterpretation of the material in question, along with news finds from the Toarcian of
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<collectingCountry id="69C666E565FF85D1D18D2344FEF599FF" box="[189,269,1645,1671]" name="France" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">France</collectingCountry>
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and the Callovian of
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<collectingCountry id="69C666E565FF85D1D3322344FDB999FF" box="[514,577,1645,1671]" name="India" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">India</collectingCountry>
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, as a new morphologically consistent ophiacanthid LAP
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<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765FF85D1D5E02344FAFE99FF" box="[1232,1286,1645,1671]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
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. The only other ophiacanthid LAP
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<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765FF85D1D0EE23B8FDE999D3" box="[478,529,1681,1707]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
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to display comparably small height/width ratios and two separated ridges on the inner side even in proximal LAPs is found in
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<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D222239DFC7399B6" authority="Thuy, 2013" authorityName="Thuy" authorityYear="2013" box="[786,907,1716,1742]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Geromura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D222239DFC7399B6" box="[786,907,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Geromura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3896471C65FF85D1D2A1239DFC0299B6" box="[913,1018,1716,1742]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(see above). The two LAP
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<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765FF85D1D401239DFA8A99B6" box="[1329,1394,1716,1742]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">types</typeStatus>
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, however, differ fundamentally with respect to the size of the tentacle notch. In fact, while the LAPs of
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<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D18D23D5FECE986E" authority="Thuy, 2013" authorityName="Thuy" authorityYear="2013" box="[189,310,1788,1814]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Geromura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D18D23D5FECE986E" box="[189,310,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Geromura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3896471C65FF85D1D00E23D5FE52986E" box="[318,426,1788,1814]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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display a genuinely large tentacle notch, those of the new
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<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765FF85D1D55423D5FB6F986E" box="[1124,1175,1788,1814]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
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in question have a deeply incised, but ultimately relatively small notch. The size of the ventral portion of the present LAPs, the oblique ventro-proximal tip and the relatively small semi-circular outline of the actual tentacle notch strongly suggest that the articulated arms were covered by large ventral plates separated by the LAPs and encompassing small tentacle pores as defined by
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<bibRefCitation id="75405B8465FF85D1D27422A0FBDD98DC" author="Thuy B. & Ishida Y. & Doi E. & Kroh A." box="[836,1061,1929,1956]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref128754" refString="Thuy B., Ishida Y., Doi E. & Kroh A. 2012. New ophiacanthid brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Upper Triassic of Japan: first insights into the origin and evolution of an extant deep-sea group. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology." type="book" year="2012">
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Thuy
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D2BC22A3FC3198DB" box="[908,969,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
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(2012)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. The present LAP
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<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765FF85D1D43922A3FAC498DC" box="[1289,1340,1930,1956]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
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thus belongs to a small-pored ophiacanthid, here described as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D2422284FBF398BF" authority="Thuy, 2013" authorityName="Thuy" authorityYear="2013" box="[882,1035,1965,1991]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ishidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D2422284FBF398BF" box="[882,1035,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Ishidacantha</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3896471C65FF85D1D5252287FB7D98B0" box="[1045,1157,1966,1992]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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|
, whereas
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|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665FF85D1D5CD2287FA8E98B0" authority="Thuy, 2013" authorityName="Thuy" authorityYear="2013" box="[1277,1398,1966,1992]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Geromura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765FF85D1D5CD2287FA8E98B0" box="[1277,1398,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Geromura</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3896471C65FF85D1D18D22F8FED39893" box="[189,299,2001,2027]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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|
clearly is a large-pored genus. This implies that the striking morphological similarities, in fact, reflect convergent evolution, presumably as a result of paedomorphosis leading to elongated arm segments, a typically juvenile character (
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<bibRefCitation id="75405B8465FE85D0D3A82406FCD89E32" author="Stohr S." box="[664,800,303,330]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="543 - 576" refId="ref128037" refString="Stohr S. 2005. Who's who among baby brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea): postmetamorphic development of some North Atlantic forms. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (4): 543 - 576. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2005.00155. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Stöhr 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). At least some of the shared characters, such as the presence of two separate ridges on the inner side, might be the result of biomechanical constraints due to the small height/width ratios.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |