248 lines
32 KiB
XML
248 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="5C8EB2507EFD833FA13018C7D3A377EF" ID-CLB-Dataset="22249" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2013.48" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02866e62-ab61-4cf4-9d98-0248e251084e" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3822836" ID-ZooBank="E7080722-E348-448D-96E5-D537F4865BB5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589219740188" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Thuy, Ben" docDate="2013" docId="99789763652F8507D32A23BFFC4D999D" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2013-48.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 48" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Alternacantha Thuy & Meyer 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="6541EF1B6555857BD1302529FFF89F78" masterDocTitle="Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1698839159859" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
|
|
<mods:mods id="CCDBDFDEFA85FEE77EA6432F20D12B2D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="40CDF53ADD10B3C291F1810F52610D4F">
|
|
<mods:title id="F00B402B0C482CDDF0A423E1BD6254F4">Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="5F84D409D8D76A2FD2D0BAB66A3A877E" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="B1AD5F3ECE894826629984909F68DE3E">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="81B2881ACBB45A533AA2F3817CCDB1FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="5ED38C80B9F3EA319475277C621B04E0">Thuy, Ben</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="1ECB5B43EBAECA2CB155F2E4B0757B16">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="7F66A64B6507CF491D3F86FBAE8F1882" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="B8877CCFC223EE15E90CBAA635C7A879">
|
|
<mods:title id="B154D52CFFF829B1DDF7FA38561ACA5A">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="84530E4627FFBE32F9F3533E4DEA3C5B">
|
|
<mods:date id="DF8BD865C28131A03998BB6C09E7240E">2013</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="971C25F4FE664143D19EA634E0A9C24F" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="71C8BCB5B0A6F3257F1C38A264BE36B7">2013-07-02</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="D065C02EA8D76DD88305EF84F738B4BA" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="523D166A5B6F9AF232A457FC3C09D30A">48</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="01BBD8668DBB02E6C40B8F04B0AE6BEE" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="E60A17AB8296C30222AD987E6D01DBA1">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="0F7022FB226FF8CE25A442D4852D47E9">242</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification id="558A1C11BC268028765838579B160271">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="07BB20D147C06BB3D38313C7ECC405B3" type="CLB-Dataset">22249</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="C174827C8713318821C9C9B9948A0258" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2013.48</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="6D1D85AAFBD72047E8657CDABF06716B" type="GBIF-Dataset">02866e62-ab61-4cf4-9d98-0248e251084e</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="41CFEE336DC252E86D99DF29523DA5D7" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="31212A44A69F03F0A3ED96AFE050E5EA" type="Zenodo-Dep">3822836</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="CBBA48431D86D2ED7E5DB85CC7B22BF0" type="ZooBank">E7080722-E348-448D-96E5-D537F4865BB5</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="99789763652F8507D32A23BFFC4D999D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3844297" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164044844" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3844297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99789763652F8507D32A23BFFC4D999D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/99789763652F8507D32A23BFFC4D999D" lastPageId="124" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<subSubSection id="59CB75FE652F8501D32A23BFFBE299C8" box="[538,1050,1686,1713]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="116E2675652F8501D32A23BFFBE299C8" blockId="122.[538,1050,1686,1713]" box="[538,1050,1686,1713]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<heading id="4A269119652F8501D32A23BFFBE299C8" box="[538,1050,1686,1713]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" reason="2">
|
|
Genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF6652F8501D35C23BFFBE299C8" authority="Thuy & Meyer, 2013" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[620,1050,1686,1713]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652F8501D35C23BFFCE299C9" bold="true" box="[620,794,1686,1713]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Alternacantha</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="75405B84652F8501D21123BFFBE299C8" author="Thuy B. & Meyer C. A." box="[801,1050,1686,1713]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="5 - 21" refId="ref128841" refString="Thuy B. & Meyer C. A. 2013. The pitfalls of extrapolating present-day depth ranges to fossil communities: new insights from brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Middle Jurassic of Switzerland. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 132 (1): 5 - 21. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 012 - 0048 - 5" type="journal article" year="2013">Thuy & Meyer, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="59CB75FE652F8501D18D23F2FC1F985F" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="type_taxon">
|
|
<paragraph id="116E2675652F8501D18D23F2FEA0998D" blockId="122.[189,344,1755,1781]" box="[189,344,1755,1781]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<heading id="4A269119652F8501D18D23F2FEA0998D" bold="true" box="[189,344,1755,1781]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" reason="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652F8501D18D23F2FEA0998D" bold="true" box="[189,344,1755,1781]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<typeStatus id="CE6A98D7652F8501D18D23F2FF02998D" box="[189,250,1755,1781]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Type</typeStatus>
|
|
species
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="116E2675652F8501D18D2224FC1F985F" blockId="122.[189,999,1805,1831]" box="[189,999,1805,1831]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF6652F8501D18D2224FD3C985F" authority="Thuy & Meyer, 2013" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[189,708,1805,1831]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652F8501D18D2224FE3A985F" box="[189,450,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Alternacantha occulta</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="75405B84652F8501D0FA2224FD3C985F" author="Thuy B. & Meyer C. A." box="[458,708,1805,1831]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="5 - 21" refId="ref128841" refString="Thuy B. & Meyer C. A. 2013. The pitfalls of extrapolating present-day depth ranges to fossil communities: new insights from brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Middle Jurassic of Switzerland. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 132 (1): 5 - 21. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 012 - 0048 - 5" type="journal article" year="2013">Thuy & Meyer, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, by original designation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="59CB75FE652F8501D18D2278FA8A9893" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="116E2675652F8501D18D2278FECE9813" blockId="122.[189,310,1873,1899]" box="[189,310,1873,1899]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<heading id="4A269119652F8501D18D2278FECE9813" bold="true" box="[189,310,1873,1899]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" reason="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652F8501D18D2278FECE9813" bold="true" box="[189,310,1873,1899]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="116E2675652F8501D18D22AAFA8A9893" blockId="122.[189,1399,1923,2027]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Ophiacanthid with large LAPs displaying a relatively large, ventro-proximalwards protruding ventral portion; small tentacle notch; large, ear-shaped spine articulations with the position of the dorsalmost spine articulation alternating between close to the remaining ones and widely separated from the latter.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption id="45AE76FD652E8500D18D23BDFB689893" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3822885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3822885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3822885/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" startId="123.[189,231,1684,1710]" targetBox="[284,1303,265,1644]" targetPageId="123">
|
|
<paragraph id="116E2675652E8500D18D23BDFB689893" blockId="123.[189,1399,1684,2027]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D18D23BDFEE399D6" bold="true" box="[189,283,1684,1710]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Fig. 22.</emphasis>
|
|
Lateral arm plates (LAPs) of fossil and Recent ophiacanthid brittle stars in external (a) and internal (b) views.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D0AC239EFE3299A9" bold="true" box="[412,458,1719,1745]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">1-2.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF6652E8500D0E2239EFDA099A9" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[466,600,1719,1745]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Hanshessia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D0E2239EFDA099A9" box="[466,600,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Hanshessia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of Jumara, India.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D425239EFAD399A9" bold="true" box="[1301,1323,1719,1745]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">1.</emphasis>
|
|
GZG. INV.78641, proximal to median LAP.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D34023F3FD7D998C" bold="true" box="[624,645,1754,1780]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">2.</emphasis>
|
|
GZG.INV.78642, proximal LAP.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D53923F3FBCF998C" bold="true" box="[1033,1079,1754,1780]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">3-4.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF6652E8500D50D23F3FF029860" authority="Lyman, 1883" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1883" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spatula">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D50D23F3FAE0998C" box="[1085,1304,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Ophiocopa spatula</emphasis>
|
|
Lyman, 1883
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Recent.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D05623D4FE84986F" bold="true" box="[358,380,1789,1815]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">3.</emphasis>
|
|
Proximal LAP.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D30923D4FDB6986F" bold="true" box="[569,590,1789,1815]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">4.</emphasis>
|
|
Distal LAP.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D3D623D7FD049860" bold="true" box="[742,764,1790,1816]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">5.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF6652E8500D23423D4FC52986F" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[772,938,1789,1815]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D23423D4FC52986F" box="[772,938,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Alternacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
? sp. from the late Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) of Amellago, Morocco; GZG.INV.78645, proximal LAP.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D2E72208FC159843" bold="true" box="[983,1005,1825,1851]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">6.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF6652E8500D2C72208FB659843" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[1015,1181,1825,1851]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D2C72208FB659843" box="[1015,1181,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Alternacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. innom. 1 from the middle Toarcian (Early Jurassic) of Le Clapier, France; GZG.INV.78647, proximal to median LAP.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D033224EFEC998F9" bold="true" box="[259,305,1895,1921]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">7-8.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF6652E8500D00B224EFCB798F9" authority="Thuy & Meyer, 2013" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[315,847,1895,1922]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D00B224EFDB998F9" box="[315,577,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Alternacantha occulta</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="75405B84652E8500D37C224EFCB798F9" author="Thuy B. & Meyer C. A." box="[588,847,1895,1922]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" pagination="5 - 21" refId="ref128841" refString="Thuy B. & Meyer C. A. 2013. The pitfalls of extrapolating present-day depth ranges to fossil communities: new insights from brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Middle Jurassic of Switzerland. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 132 (1): 5 - 21. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 012 - 0048 - 5" type="journal article" year="2013">Thuy & Meyer, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, from the early Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of Longwy, France.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D0B522A3FE6298DC" bold="true" box="[389,410,1930,1956]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">7.</emphasis>
|
|
GZG.INV.78648, proximal LAP.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D22E22A3FCCC98DC" bold="true" box="[798,820,1930,1956]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">8.</emphasis>
|
|
GZG.INV.78649, distal LAP.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D5BE22A3FB3398DC" bold="true" box="[1166,1227,1930,1956]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">9-10.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF6652E8500D5E022A3FA8E98DC" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[1232,1398,1930,1956]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D5E022A3FA8E98DC" box="[1232,1398,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Alternacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. innom. 2 from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of Jumara, India.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D5342284FBE198BF" bold="true" box="[1028,1049,1965,1991]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">9.</emphasis>
|
|
GZG.INV.78652, proximal to median LAP.
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA67652E8500D06C22F8FE789893" bold="true" box="[348,384,2001,2027]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">10.</emphasis>
|
|
GZG.INV.78653, median LAP. One common scale bar per species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="59CB75FE65298507D18D2422FC4D999D" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="116E267565298507D18D2422FED79E5D" blockId="124.[189,303,267,293]" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<heading id="4A26911965298507D18D2422FED79E5D" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" reason="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D18D2422FED79E5D" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="116E267565298507D18D2414FC919D42" blockId="124.[189,1399,316,570]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
In terms of LAP morphology,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D32A2415FD3A9E2E" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[538,706,316,342]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D32A2415FD3A9E2E" box="[538,706,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Alternacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is probably among the most distinctive and unambiguously identifiable ophiacanthids. In fact, the alternating position of the dorsalmost spine articulation, varying from close to the remaining spine articulations to widely separated from the latter, is a feature not found in any other LAP
|
|
<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765298507D0E62486FDF49EB1" box="[470,524,431,457]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
|
|
. Since
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D36F2487FCFF9EB0" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[607,775,430,456]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D36F2487FCFF9EB0" box="[607,775,430,456]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Alternacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is known from well-preserved, articulated specimens (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="75405B8465298507D1F524FDFE419E97" author="Thuy B. & Meyer C. A." box="[197,441,468,495]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="5 - 21" refId="ref128841" refString="Thuy B. & Meyer C. A. 2013. The pitfalls of extrapolating present-day depth ranges to fossil communities: new insights from brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Middle Jurassic of Switzerland. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 132 (1): 5 - 21. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 012 - 0048 - 5" type="journal article" year="2013">Thuy & Meyer 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), its phylogenetic position is well understood. Together with its extinct sister taxon
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D18D24D2FEB69D6C" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1964" box="[189,334,507,532]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Dermocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D18D24D2FEB69D6C" box="[189,334,507,532]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Dermocoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, it holds a basal position within the large-pored ophiacanthids displaying well-developed disc plates rather than translucent scales obscured by skin.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="116E267565298507D18D274CFD299BEB" blockId="124.[189,1399,613,1172]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
Indeed, the close phylogenetic relationship with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D23B274FFC649D07" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1964" box="[779,924,614,639]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Dermocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D23B274FFC649D07" box="[779,924,614,639]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Dermocoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is reflected by LAP morphology. Both genera share ear-shaped spine articulations sunken in shallow notches of the gently elevated distal edge, a strongly ventro-proximally protruding ventral portion of the LAPs, strongly protruding spurs on the outer proximal edge, and a relatively simple ridge on the inner side devoid of sharp kinks or an exceedingly widened dorsal part. While proximal LAPs of the two genera can be readily differentiated, median and, in particular, distal LAPs can be so closely similar that distinction is very difficult, if possible at all. Thus, it is crucial for records based exclusively on dissociated LAPs to focus on well-preserved proximal LAPs in these genera. It should be stressed that it is strongly advisable in general to choose adult proximal LAPs as
|
|
<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765298507D0AA26BCFDF49CD7" box="[410,524,917,943]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
|
of new ophiuroid species known solely from dissociated LAPs, as clearly stressed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="75405B8465298507D07A2692FDB59CAD" author="Thuy B. & Stohr S." box="[330,589,955,981]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref128956" refString="Thuy B. & Stohr S. 2011. Lateral arm plate morphology in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): new perspectives for ophiuroid micropalaeontology and classification. Zootaxa 3013: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="2011">Thuy & Stöhr (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Unfortunately, the
|
|
<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765298507D20B2692FC5A9CAD" box="[827,930,955,981]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D2FE2692FB9F9CAD" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[974,1127,955,981]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D2FE2692FB9F9CAD" box="[974,1127,955,981]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Ophiacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
?
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D54E2695FAD49CAD" box="[1150,1324,956,981]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">suprajurassica</emphasis>
|
|
Hess, 1965 is a median LAP from strata which have yielded both
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D24C26CBFBF59C83" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1964" box="[892,1037,994,1019]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Dermocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D24C26CBFBF59C83" box="[892,1037,994,1019]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Dermocoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D57626C8FB169C83" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[1094,1262,993,1019]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D57626C8FB169C83" box="[1094,1262,993,1019]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Alternacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In view of the near-identical morphologies of median and distal LAPs in these two genera, the
|
|
<typeStatus id="CE6A98D765298507D5B9212EFB089B59" box="[1161,1264,1031,1057]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
in question cannot be unambiguously assigned.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D3442104FCF59B3F" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[628,781,1069,1095]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D3442104FCF59B3F" box="[628,781,1069,1095]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Ophiacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
?
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D2162107FC2C9B3F" box="[806,980,1070,1095]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">suprajurassica</emphasis>
|
|
should therefore be considered as a
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D1E3217DFE7A9B15" box="[211,386,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
|
, even though non-type specimens assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D280217AFBB19B15" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[944,1097,1107,1133]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D280217AFBB19B15" box="[944,1097,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Ophiacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
?
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D550217DFAF69B15" box="[1120,1294,1108,1133]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">suprajurassica</emphasis>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="75405B8465298507D40D217DFEE99BEC" author="Hess H." pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="1059 - 1082" refId="ref122348" refString="Hess H. 1965 a. Mikropalaontologische Untersuchungen an Ophiuren IV: Die Ophiuren aus dem Renggeri-Ton (Unter-Oxford) von Chapois (Jura) und Longecombe (Ain). Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae 58: 1059 - 1082." type="journal article" year="1965">Hess (1965a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="75405B8465298507D02D2150FEA19BEC" author="Hess H." box="[285,345,1145,1172]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="1025 - 1063" refId="ref122420" refString="Hess H. 1966. Mikropalaontologische Untersuchungen an Ophiuren V: Die Ophiuren aus dem Argovien (unteres Ober-Oxford) vom Guldental (Kt. Solothurn) und von Savigna (Dept. Jura). Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae 59: 1025 - 1063." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) can be assigned beyond doubt.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="116E267565298507D18D2197FE279970" blockId="124.[189,1399,1214,1544]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
The closest extant relative of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D3162197FD369BA0" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[550,718,1214,1240]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D3162197FD369BA0" box="[550,718,1214,1240]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Alternacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D3C62197FBDA9BA0" authority="Lyman, 1883" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1883" box="[758,1058,1214,1240]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D3C62197FC809BA0" box="[758,888,1214,1240]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Ophiocopa</emphasis>
|
|
Lyman, 1883
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which is sister to the clade formed by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D07621CDFE169B86" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[326,494,1252,1278]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D07621CDFE169B86" box="[326,494,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Alternacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D31E21CCFD479B86" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1964" box="[558,703,1253,1278]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Dermocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D31E21CCFD479B86" box="[558,703,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Dermocoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Again, the close phylogenetic ties are reflected by LAP morphology. In fact, the LAPs of extant
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D3BE2023FBF59A5C" authority="Lyman, 1883" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1883" box="[654,1037,1290,1316]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spatula">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D3BE2023FC959A5C" box="[654,877,1290,1316]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Ophiocopa spatula</emphasis>
|
|
Lyman, 1883
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="89EA3AF065298507D52B2023FB8B9A5C" box="[1051,1139,1290,1316]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="123.[189,231,1684,1710]" captionTargetBox="[284,1303,265,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[284,1303,265,1644]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="Fig. 22. Lateral arm plates (LAPs) of fossil and Recent ophiacanthid brittle stars in external (a) and internal (b) views. 1-2. Hanshessia sp. from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of Jumara, India. 1. GZG. INV.78641, proximal to median LAP. 2. GZG.INV.78642, proximal LAP. 3-4. Ophiocopa spatula Lyman, 1883, Recent. 3. Proximal LAP. 4. Distal LAP. 5. Alternacantha? sp. from the late Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) of Amellago, Morocco; GZG.INV.78645, proximal LAP. 6. Alternacantha sp. nov. innom. 1 from the middle Toarcian (Early Jurassic) of Le Clapier, France; GZG.INV.78647, proximal to median LAP. 7-8. Alternacantha occulta Thuy & Meyer, 2013, from the early Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of Longwy, France. 7. GZG.INV.78648, proximal LAP. 8. GZG.INV.78649, distal LAP. 9-10. Alternacantha sp. nov. innom. 2 from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of Jumara, India. 9. GZG.INV.78652, proximal to median LAP. 10. GZG.INV.78653, median LAP. One common scale bar per species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3822885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3822885/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
|
: 3-4) closely resemble those of the two fossil genera, in particular on account of the ventro-proximalwards protruding ventral portion of the LAP, the shape, number and position of the spine articulations, the outer surface ornament and the conspicuous, strongly protruding spur on the outer proximal edge. Differences pertain mainly to the shape of the ridge on the inner side of the LAPs, which in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D2F2208BFBBC9AC4" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1883" box="[962,1092,1442,1468]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D2F2208BFBBC9AC4" box="[962,1092,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Ophiocopa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is composed of a slightly bent, oblique dorsal part with a triangular tip, widely separated from a short knob-like part on the ventral portion of the inner side.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="116E267565298507D18D231BFC4D999D" blockId="124.[189,1398,1586,1765]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
|
All currently known species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D31E231BFD2E9934" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[558,726,1586,1612]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D31E231BFD2E9934" box="[558,726,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Alternacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
share strongly similar, near-identical LAP morphologies, making a distinction on the basis of dissociated LAPs a major challenge. Similarly indistinguishable LAP morphologies have been reported from closely related extant taxa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="75405B8465298507D2D22357FB2B99E1" author="Thuy B. & Stohr S." box="[994,1235,1662,1689]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref128956" refString="Thuy B. & Stohr S. 2011. Lateral arm plate morphology in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): new perspectives for ophiuroid micropalaeontology and classification. Zootaxa 3013: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="2011">Thuy & Stöhr 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Fortunately, most species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6D15DF665298507D049238CFDD999C7" authorityName="Thuy & Meyer" authorityYear="2013" box="[377,545,1701,1727]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Alternacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23A5FA6765298507D049238CFDD999C7" box="[377,545,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Alternacantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are known from articulated arm fragments, in addition to the dissociated LAPs, providing additional features for species-level distinction.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |