525 lines
51 KiB
XML
525 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.9569" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fecbbddb-b9ff-47ff-8118-c7869a7348fa" ID-PMC="PMC5102419" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-620-1" ID-PubMed="27853404" ID-ZBK="4203049FC7DE4BCEAFDA05A2EBDF6434" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-620-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 620" ModsDocTitle="Pleurolucina from the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans: a new intertidal species from Curaçao with unusual shell microstructure (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Lucinidae)" checkinTime="1475197291923" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Glover, Emily A. & Taylor, John D." docDate="2016" docId="996917D09584256D39CCC2268AA5F7D8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 620: 1-19" docOrigin="ZooKeys 620" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.9569" docTitle="Pleurolucina harperae n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="9C01FFEB905CFFCBFFE4FD3C565AFFAE" masterDocTitle="Pleurolucina from the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans: a new intertidal species from Curacao with unusual shell microstructure (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Lucinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668163552723" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Pleurolucina from the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans: a new intertidal species from Curacao with unusual shell microstructure (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Lucinidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Glover, Emily A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Taylor, John D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>620</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>19</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.9569</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.9569</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-620-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">4203049FC7DE4BCEAFDA05A2EBDF6434</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4203049FC7DE4BCEAFDA05A2EBDF6434</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127892430" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:996917D09584256D39CCC2268AA5F7D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/996917D09584256D39CCC2268AA5F7D8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Lucinida Lucinidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/D9916BAC-D208-4A5B-8499-6FE1B5ADC3BB" authority="n. sp." class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae n. sp.</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Lucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Daccarett, EY" journalOrPublisher="Informatore Piceno, Ancona, Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" title="Colombian Seashells from the Caribbean Sea." year="2011">Daccarett and Bossio 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 177, fig. 1243.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Pleurolucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Huber, M" journalOrPublisher="ConchBooks, Harxheim, Germany" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" title="Compendium of bivalves" year="2015">Huber 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 433, fig. p. 85.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Holotype: 1 whole shell L 8.8, H 8.5 T 3.2 mm (NHMUK 20160338), southwestern
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
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, channel into Spaanse Water, opposite Hyatt Resort,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="12.065833">
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12°03
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<normalizedToken originalValue="’57”">'57"</normalizedToken>
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N
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</geoCoordinate>
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68°51
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<normalizedToken originalValue="’13”">'13"</normalizedToken>
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W. BivAToL stn Cur-5-15-009, 22 May 2015.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paratypes: 92 valves (NHMUK 20160339), 2 paired valves (RMNH 5003991-50003992), 3 paired valves (FMNH344698), 2 paired valves (USNM 1411553). Same locality as holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">19 ethanol preserved specimens (NHMUK), same locality as holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Shell subovate, slightly anteriorly extended, L to 9.6 mm, H to 9.7 mm, H/L 0.99, moderately inflated, sculpture of flat, closely spaced commarginal lamellae, with four prominent, broad ribs with interspaces variable in width, but always narrower than ribs themselves; microsculpture of tight rows of shallow pits (Fig. 1 P). Umbones low, situated on midline. Anterior dorsal area arcuate. Protoconch: PI 217
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, PI + PII 228
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, PII a narrow rim with fine increments (Fig. 1 O). Lunule short, semicircular, slightly impressed. Ligament short, set in shallow resilifer. Hinge teeth: LV with two cardinal teeth; a robust anterior lateral tooth and smaller posterior lateral. RV with a single large cardinal tooth and anterior and posterior lateral teeth. Anterior adductor muscle scar short, broad, widely divergent from pallial line (60-70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) for about half of length (Fig. 2 A), posterior scar ovate; pallial line entire, pallial blood vessel scar sometimes visible. Shell margin finely beaded, sinuate with anterior sinus deeper. Shell within pallial line often patchily eroded to expose inner shell layers. Colour grey-white.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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Holotype NHMUK 20160338 exterior of right and interior of right and left valves L 8.8 mm.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–P">D-P</normalizedToken>
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Paratypes. NHMUK 20160339 dorsal view L 7.6 mm. E Exterior of left valve L 7.7 mm. F Interior of right valve L 6.3 mm. G Exterior of right valve L 7.9 mm. H Hinge area of right valve L 8.6 mm. I Exterior of left valve L 63 mm. J, K Interiors of right and left valves L 5.0 mm. L Dorsal view showing lunule. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. M, N Details of hinge teeth of J, K. O Protoconch. Scale bar = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. P Detail of microsculpture. Scale bar = 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Figure 2. Outline drawings of shell interiors of A
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
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and B
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Pleurolucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="anatomy">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Anatomy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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General anatomy resembles most other described lucinids (Fig. 3). Mantle fusion ventral to the posterior apertures is very short. Foot short and broad when retracted but can be vermiform when extended (Fig. 3 A) with a small heel. Visceral pouches absent. Distinct mantle gills are absent but the inner mantle ventral to the anterior adductor muscle is thickened (Fig. 3 C) and may be a respiratory area with blood space as seen in other lucinids (
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, JD" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication of the Geological Society of London" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="207 - 225" title="Functional anatomy, chemosymbiosis and evolution of the Lucinidae. In: The Evolutionary Biology of the Bivalvia." url="10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.177.01.12" volume="177" year="2000">Taylor and Glover 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). Labial palps are very short. In common with all other studied
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<taxonomicName family="Lucinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Lucinidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
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has ctenidia comprising inner demibranchs only; these were pink in life, large, thick and occupying much of the mantle cavity (Fig. 3 B). Ctenidial filaments are approx. 40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick and 380
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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deep with a narrow 45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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ciliated zone and a deep bacteriocyte zone (Fig. 3 D). Bacteriocytes were packed with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘potato-shaped’">'potato-shaped'</normalizedToken>
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bacteria 3-5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 1.5-2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide (Figs 3 G, H). The surface of the microvilli-covered bacteriocytes and intercalary cells were colonised by abundant spirochaetes 2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide (Fig. 3 F) similar to those re
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">ported</pageBreakToken>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Ball, AD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molluscan Studies" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="175 - 185" title="Ctenidial structure and multiple bacterial symbionts in Anodontia (Euanodontia) ovum (Reeve, 1850) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Bivalvia: Lucinidae)." url="10.1093/mollus/eyp009" volume="75" year="2009">Ball et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Euanodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euanodontia ovum" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovum">Euanodontia ovum</taxonomicName>
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(Reeve, 1850). In comparison the symbiotic bacteria of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Clathrolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathrolucina costata" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="costata">Clathrolucina costata</taxonomicName>
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collected at the same time and same habitat were longer and rod shaped, 8-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in length and approx. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
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, general anatomy, ctenidia, bacteria, oocytes and sperm. A Right side, with mantle removed, right demibranch and extended foot stained with methylene blue L 7 mm B Left demibranch and foot, critical point dried preparation. Scale bar = 1 mm C Cut section to show general anatomy, stained with methylene blue L 8 mm D Transverse section through single ctenidial demibranch. Scale bar = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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E Surface of bacteriocytes and intercalary cells on lateral view of a ctenidial filament. Scale bar = 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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F Spirochaete bacteria on surface of bacteriocytes. Scale bar = 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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G, H Symbiotic bacteria contained in bacteriocyte. Scale bar = 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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I Developing oocytes. Scale bar = 500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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J, K Sperm. Scale bars = 5, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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respectively. aa anterior adductor muscle bz bacteriocyte zone cz ciliated zone dg digestive gland f foot lp labial palps me mantle edge ov ovary with oocyctes pa posterior adductor r rectum rd right demibranch st stomach tm thickened mantle ventral to anterior adductor muscle.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The sperm of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
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were 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at the base, tapering and curved distally (Figs 3 J, K). From the same locality, sperm of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Clathrolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathrolucina costata" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="costata">Clathrolucina costata</taxonomicName>
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were shorter, 4.8-5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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and 1-1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide with blunt tips. Oocytes of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
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were approx. 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter (Fig. 3 I). Comparative sperm data is available for a few other western Atlantic lucinids (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bigatti, G" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="417 - 426" title="Size at first maturity, oocyte envelopes and external morphology of sperm in three species of Lucinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Florida Keys, USA." volume="46" year="2004">Bigatti et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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); sperm of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Codakia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Codakia orbicularis" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbicularis">Codakia orbicularis</taxonomicName>
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were 14-15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, tapering with a width of 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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;
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Ctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctena orbiculata" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbiculata">Ctena orbiculata</taxonomicName>
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were cylindrical, slightly curved, 7.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 1-1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at base and
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lucina pensylvanica" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pensylvanica">Lucina pensylvanica</taxonomicName>
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were 15.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, with curved tapering heads and 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at the posterior.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="shell microstructure">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Shell microstructure.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Within a very thin (ca 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) periostracum,
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
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has a basic four layered shell (Figs 4 A,B); an outer composite prismatic layer, followed inwards by a thin crossed-lamellar layer, then a thicker layer of irregular spherulitic prisms and within the pallial line a complex crossed-lamellar layer with sublayers of irregular prisms. The shell layers are interrupted by sheets of conchiolin around 20-90
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in thickness, each with repeated sublayers of small discrete
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘tulip-shaped’">'tulip-shaped'</normalizedToken>
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calcified spherulites approx. 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter (Figs 4 D, F). Each spherulite is joined to those of the layer below with a narrow (0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) semicalcified channel through the conchiolin (Figs 4 E, F). At the shell surface, the conchiolin sheets correspond to major depositional halts (Fig. 4 A) visible as notches in the shell with the conchiolin appearing contiguous with the invaginated periostracum. In each shell there may be between 1-5 of such sheets.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Figure 4. Shell microstructure of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A Fractured section of shell margin showing major notch growth halt and conchiolin layer. Scale bar = 400
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
B Fractured section showing succession of shell layers. Shell exterior at top. Scale bar = 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
C Conchiolin layer with regular bands of spherulites. Scale bar = 40
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
D Individual spherulite. Scale bar = 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
E Adjacent spherulites embedded in conchiolin with narrow channels between layers. Scale bar = 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
F Single spherulites with channels below and above. Scale bar = 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. cl crossed lamellar layer co conchiolin layer cp composite prismatic layer ip irregular prismatic layer p periostracum sp spherulitic prismatic layer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Drill holes in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
|
||
produced by predatory naticid gastropods were observed with full penetration in 14 out of 114 single valves, but with 12 records of
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">incomplete</pageBreakToken>
|
||
drill holes that terminated at an internal conchiolin layer (Fig. 5). In one shell there were three failed drills and in another two failures before successful penetration. Incidences of apparent multiple completed drill holes in dead shells may have resulted from post-mortem degradation of organic layers in failed drill holes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 5. Failed and multiple drill holes in shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. AL = 6.8 mm BL = 9.8 mm CL =7.8 mm DSEM of failed drill hole terminating at conchiolin layer. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Similar conchiolin calcified sheets were identified in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina hendersoni" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hendersoni">Pleurolucina hendersoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 6 A, B) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina undata" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undata">Pleurolucina undata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
) but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Pleurolucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2 shells examined) or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina sombrerensis" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sombrerensis">Pleurolucina sombrerensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2 shells examined). Also conchiolin sheets with multiple layers of calcareous spherules were observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lucina pensylvanica" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pensylvanica">Lucina pensylvanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Florida Keys (Figs 6 F,G), apparently confined to the inner shell layer within the pallial line. This is distinct from the calcified periostracum of this species (Fig. 6 H) as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, JD" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="277 - 294" title="Extraordinary flexible shell sculpture; the structure and formation of calcified periostracal lamellae in Lucinapensylvanica (Bivalvia: Lucinidae)." volume="46" year="2004">Taylor et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. No conchiolin sheets were observed in a single
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Cavilinga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cavilinga blanda" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="blanda">Cavilinga blanda</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined. For comparison, the repeated conchiolin sheets reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Cardiolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiolucina" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Cardiolucina</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ishikawa, M" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="508 - 522" title="Multiple predatory drill; holes in Cardiolucina (Bivalvia: Lucinidae): effect of conchiolin sheets in predation." url="10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.07.004" volume="254" year="2007">Ishikawa and Kase (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were studied in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Cardiolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiolucina quadrata" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">Cardiolucina quadrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Philippines. These sheets were approx. 10-15
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
thick and only lightly calcified with sporadic spherulitic crystal aggregations (Figs 6 I-K) with no multiple sub-layers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 6. Shell microstructure of other species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina hendersoni" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hendersoni">Pleurolucina hendersoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina undata" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undata">Pleurolucina undata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lucina pensylvanica" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pensylvanica">Lucina pensylvanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Cardiolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiolucina quadrata" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">Cardiolucina quadrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina hendersoni" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hendersoni">Pleurolucina hendersoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
Guadeloupe, fractured section with prominent calcified conchiolin layer, periostracum at base. Scale bar = 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
B
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina hendersoni" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hendersoni">Pleurolucina hendersoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, detail of conchiolin layer with lines of calcareous spherulites. Scale bar = 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
C
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina undata" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undata">Pleurolucina undata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baja California, fractured section with thin conchiolin layer Scale bar = 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
D
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina undata" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undata">Pleurolucina undata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, detail of conchiolin layer with spherulites. Scale bar = 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina undata" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undata">Pleurolucina undata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, single spherulites embedded in conchiolin. Scale bar = 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
F
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lucina pensylvanica" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pensylvanica">Lucina pensylvanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Florida Keys, calcified conchiolin layer. Scale bar = 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
G
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lucina pensylvanica" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pensylvanica">Lucina pensylvanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, single spherulite. Scale bar = 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
H
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lucina pensylvanica" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pensylvanica">Lucina pensylvanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, section of periostracum with calcareous granules. Shell interior to top. Scale bar = 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
I
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Cardiolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiolucina quadrata" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">Cardiolucina quadrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Philippines, fractured section with conchiolin layer. Scale bar = 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
J
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Cardiolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiolucina quadrata" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">Cardiolucina quadrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
detail of conchiolin layer with calcareous aggregates. Scale bar = 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
K
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Cardiolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiolucina quadrata" order="Lucinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">Cardiolucina quadrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
detail of calcareous aggregate. Scale bar = 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Habitat</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an intertidal to shallow subtidal species collected from sand amongst seagrass rhizomes (largely
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thalassia testudinum" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">Thalassia testudinum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cymodoceaceae" genus="Halodule" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Halodule" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Halodule</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Pleurolucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is usually recorded from deeper water, for example 30-180 m around the Florida Keys (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Britton, JC" journalOrPublisher="University Microfilms" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" title="The Lucinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) of the Western Atlantic Ocean. Unpublished PhD dissertation, George Washington University." year="1970">Britton 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Atlantic Panama (USNM below) are also from shallow water seagrass habitats. At
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
it co-occurred with several other lucinid species:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Clathrolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathrolucina costata" order="Lucinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="costata">Clathrolucina costata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Orbigny">d'Orbigny</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1845),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Ctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctena imbricatula" order="Lucinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="imbricatula">Ctena imbricatula</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C.B. Adams, 1845),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Anodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anodontia alba" order="Lucinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alba">Anodontia alba</taxonomicName>
|
||
Link, 1807,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Codakia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Codakia orbicularis" order="Lucinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbicularis">Codakia orbicularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lucina roquesana" order="Lucinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="roquesana">Lucina roquesana</taxonomicName>
|
||
J. & W. Gibson-Smith, 1982 and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Divalinga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Divalinga quadrisulcata" order="Lucinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrisulcata">Divalinga quadrisulcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Orbigny">d'Orbigny</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1845).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Southern Caribbean: Panama (USNM 759784; 620716, 759825) Colombia -Taganga (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Daccarett, EY" journalOrPublisher="Informatore Piceno, Ancona, Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" title="Colombian Seashells from the Caribbean Sea." year="2011">Daccarett and Bossio 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
. The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the southern Caribbean is uncertain but it may be restricted to the southwestern area. There have been no records from the Antilles and intensive sampling of molluscs around Guadeloupe by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
|
||
national
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturelle (KARUBENTHOS 2012, 2015) recorded only
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina hendersoni" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hendersoni">Pleurolucina hendersoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina sombrerensis" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sombrerensis">Pleurolucina sombrerensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Taylor and Glover submitted</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similarly, only
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina sombrerensis" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sombrerensis">Pleurolucina sombrerensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded from a recent survey of the marine molluscan fauna of French Guiana (MNHN - GUYANE 2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Named for Elizabeth (Liz) Harper, University of Cambridge, bivalve researcher, colleague and friend, who helped collect the new species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Comparison with other species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Pleurolucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 7) was thought to be widespread across the tropical Western Atlantic but we now consider it to be restricted to Florida and the Gulf of Mexico with the southern Caribbean records representing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Pleurolucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean L 6.2 mm, H 7.4 mm, H/L 1.13) in being larger, less inflated and usually longer than high in the adult (Fig. 8). The radial folds are usually lower and the anterior adductor muscle scar is shorter and more divergent from the pallial line (Fig. 2 B). In shape and sculpture, it is most similar to the somewhat larger
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina undata" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undata">Pleurolucina undata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 9 E-G) (mean L 15.1 mm, H 15 mm, H/L 0.95) from the eastern Pacific, Gulf of California, intertidal zone to 60 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coan, EV" journalOrPublisher="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" title="Bivalve seashells of tropical west America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru." year="2012">Coan and Valentich-Scott 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Figure 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Pleurolucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Lucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dall, 1881 lectotype MCZ 7986, exterior, interior and dorsal view of right valve, L 5.7 mm, H 6.6 mm D, E
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Lucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
|
||
paralectotype USNM 83140, exterior of left valve and interior of right valve, L 4.8 mm, H 5.5 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–K">F-K</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Pleurolucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
|
||
USNM 446563 Eolis Station 368, off Ajax Reef, Florida F Exterior of left valve, L 5.1 mm G Left valve of juvenile shell, L 3.1 mm H Lateral view of left valve, L 5.1 mm. I Interior of left valve, L 5.5 mm J Interior of right valve, L 5.5 mm K Protoconch, scale bar = 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Figure 8. Bivariate height/length plots comparing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina harperae" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harperae">Pleurolucina harperae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocyma" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocyma">Pleurolucina leucocyma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina undata" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undata">Pleurolucina undata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Length and height in millimetres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Other less similar species are:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina hendersoni" order="Lucinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hendersoni">Pleurolucina hendersoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 9 A, B) an offshore to deep water species (to 300 m) from the southern Caribbean (Cuba, Lesser Antilles) that reaches
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">about</pageBreakToken>
|
||
12 mm in length and resembles the eastern Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocymoides" order="Lucinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocymoides">Pleurolucina leucocymoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Compared with other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina" order="Lucinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pleurolucina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the sculpture of broad radial folds is less pronounced and the commarginal lamellae are widely spaced and prominent.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina sombrerensis" order="Lucinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sombrerensis">Pleurolucina sombrerensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 9 C, D) lives in deeper water to 200 m from the Florida Keys to Brazil. The shell reaches about 6-7 mm in length and is rounded in outline, with a shallow radial anterior sulcus and prominent close commarginal lamellae, sometimes separated by deep interspaces. It does not closely resemble other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina" order="Lucinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pleurolucina</taxonomicName>
|
||
but shares some shell features including dentition and adductor scar shape. The larger
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocymoides" order="Lucinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocymoides">Pleurolucina leucocymoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
) is known from shallow water to 150 m and ranges from Baja California to Ec
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">uador</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and Galapagos Islands. The sculpture of broad prominent commarginal lamellae and absence of prominent radial folds distinguish it from other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina" order="Lucinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pleurolucina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lastly,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina taylori" order="Lucinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taylori">Pleurolucina taylori</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="K–M">K-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
) is known from the intertidal zone to 183 m in the Gulf of California; it is distinguished by the highly inflated shell and closely spaced, low commarginal lamellae with four to five radial folds and resembles the extinct late Pliocene - mid-Pleistocene Floridian species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina amabilis" order="Lucinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amabilis">Pleurolucina amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Figure 9. Other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina" order="Lucinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pleurolucina</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. A, B
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina hendersoni" order="Lucinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hendersoni">Pleurolucina hendersoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
Britton, 1972, exterior and interior of left valve Guadeloupe station GD 69 (MNHN), L 9.1 mm C, D
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina sombrerensis" order="Lucinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sombrerensis">Pleurolucina sombrerensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dall, 1886) exterior of left valve (L 4.9 mm) and interior of right valve (L 5.2 mm), USNM 446178, Eolis stn 48, off Miami, Florida, 110 m
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina undata" order="Lucinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undata">Pleurolucina undata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Carpenter, 1865) exterior of left valve and interiors of right and left valves, NUMUK 1915.15.273
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘California’">'California'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, L 11.0 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina leucocymoides" order="Lucinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leucocymoides">Pleurolucina leucocymoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lowe, 1935), exterior of right valve and interiors of right and left valves SBMNH 141511, Baja California, NE of Isla Danzante, Mexico, L 11 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="K–M">K-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Pleurolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleurolucina taylori" order="Lucinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taylori">Pleurolucina taylori</taxonomicName>
|
||
Coan & Valentich-Scott, 2012, holotype, exterior of left valve and interior of left and right valves, SBMNH 149647, Baja California, Los Frailes, Mexico, L 9.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |