181 lines
22 KiB
XML
181 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="71EAFA100CBD8A170A88D2609EF9D5DE" ID-CLB-Dataset="22785" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.31.139" ID-GBIF-Dataset="475fd1bd-1153-4e40-b113-76765451dd6d" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576584" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1587957169992" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Howarth, Brigitte & Gillett, Michael" docDate="2009" docId="993D87EFFFCEFF99D6FFFCC1FE162F92" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2118.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 31 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@134abd78" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Capnodis excisa Menetries. This 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="127" masterDocId="6504FF97FFC8FF91D673FFE1FFD92C55" masterDocTitle="Increasing knowledge of the entomological fauna of the United Arab Emirates and the role of private collections" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1698836134179" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:title id="F0FC941137480C4E81A0C2A0FD64863A">Increasing knowledge of the entomological fauna of the United Arab Emirates and the role of private collections</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="95F5E33E2B62017992A74EF4EDD7A13F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E9514D47AFFC9EDEA04B4B42B027492C">Howarth, Brigitte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4571CEF47253B098E10F2BBD0FF72083">Zayed University, Dubai ,, United Arab Emirates</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="123DEEF910DB0A5B28A766C70470E4B2">Gillett, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40E5FBE1A7334F962F08A65BE60D7D7F">Dominic Drive, Birmingham ,, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="52015AFD15FF59D2B70605571D95418A">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="63C64AAEAE5F9EAC23C52B4BFDD8875C">
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<mods:date id="925A3A7D869942316BEEC50BF3A66D45">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0BA7905475CA5AF6E875C55167DE0185">2009-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FAC9AC7B8B08A32DF61362456FA7061C">31</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D452870E72EE326DEC02135349418AB8" type="CLB-Dataset">22785</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5893053CE622C6E3E71C0CB9544BB90F" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.31.139</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="493DA8C08EB4BB148EB2C9A6BAC7A9DE" type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="993D87EFFFCEFF99D6FFFCC1FE162F92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790005" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163747728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790005" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:993D87EFFFCEFF99D6FFFCC1FE162F92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/993D87EFFFCEFF99D6FFFCC1FE162F92" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">
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<subSubSection id="598E6572FFCEFF97D6FFFCC1FD09291F" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="112B36F9FFCEFF97D6FFFCC1FC802F6E" blockId="6.[140,857,799,827]" box="[140,857,799,827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">
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<heading id="4A638195FFCEFF97D6FFFCC1FC802F6E" box="[140,857,799,827]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCEFF97D6FFFCC1FDCB2F6F" ID-CoL="QR3S" authority="Menetries, 1848" authorityName="Menetries. This" authorityYear="1848" box="[140,530,799,827]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Capnodis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisa">
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCEFF97D6FFFCC1FDCB2F6F" bold="true" box="[140,530,799,827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCEFF97D6FFFCC1FE902F6F" bold="true" box="[140,329,800,827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Capnodis excisa</emphasis>
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Ménétriés, 1848
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCEFF97D4EFFCC1FC882F6E" authorityName="Laporte de Castelnau" authorityYear="1835" box="[668,849,800,827]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrysochroinae">Chrysochroinae</taxonomicName>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="112B36F9FFCEFF97D6FFFC86FD09291F" blockId="6.[140,1108,871,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">
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There are about 20 species of jewel beetles in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCEFF97D482FC86FC8F2FD4" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[753,854,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Capnodis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCEFF97D482FC86FC8F2FD4" box="[753,854,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Capnodis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and these are found in the warmer parts of the Western Palaearctic region. They are handsome beetles, often coloured black and grey or white, although some metallic forms also occur. They are known as flat-headed borers and some are important pests of fruit trees. The presence in Arabia (
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<collectingCountry id="69837669FFCEFF97D779FC12FE872858" box="[266,350,1011,1037]" name="Kuwait" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
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and eastern
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<collectingCountry id="69837669FFCEFF97D78BFC12FD57285B" box="[504,654,1011,1038]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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) of one species of this genus has been indicated by
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<bibRefCitation id="75054B08FFCEFF97D76DFBF6FDBB2864" author="Walker HD & Pittaway AR" box="[286,610,1047,1073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" refId="ref5824" refString="Walker HD, Pittaway AR (1987) Insects of Eastern Arabia. Macmillan, Hong Kong, 175." type="book" year="1987">Walker and Pittaway (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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. It is
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCEFF97D4ECFBF6FC262864" authority="Menetries. This" authorityName="Menetries. This" authorityYear="1848" box="[671,1023,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Capnodis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisa">
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCEFF97D4ECFBF6FC902865" box="[671,841,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Capnodis excisa</emphasis>
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Menetries. This
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</taxonomicName>
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species actually has two subspecies, the nominate one is widespread, being found in
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<collectingCountry id="69837669FFCEFF97D276FBDBFB8D2801" box="[1029,1108,1082,1108]" name="Turkey" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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and Central Asia, whilst
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCEFF97D7D7FBBFFD3A2822" authority="Thery, 1929" authorityName="Thery" authorityYear="1929" box="[420,739,1117,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Capnodis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="excisa" subSpecies="alfierii">
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCEFF97D7D7FBBFFD882822" box="[420,593,1117,1144]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">C. excisa alfierii</emphasis>
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Thery, 1929
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from the Middle East. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCEFF97D746FB60FE7D28CF" box="[309,420,1153,1179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="excisa">
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ssp.
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCEFF97D714FB60FE7D28CF" box="[359,420,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">excisa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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amongst other things by the more subdued white markings on its elytra. There are apparently only two published records of this species from
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<collectingCountry id="69837669FFCEFF97D267FB42FF0028B4" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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; four specimens that were collected by Pitcher at Ain Dar and two others from near Abqaiq found by the same collector in the
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<collectingRegion id="D350F81BFFCEFF97D4D7FB0BFCB82951" box="[676,865,1258,1284]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Eastern Province</collectingRegion>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="69837669FFCEFF97D5F5FB0BFBCF2951" box="[902,1046,1258,1284]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="75054B08FFCEFF97D257FB0BFF12297D" author="Bily S" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" pagination="160 - 164" refId="ref5178" refString="Bily S (1985) Coleoptera: family Buprestidae of Saudi Arabia (Part 4). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 160 - 164." type="journal article" year="1985">Bilý 1985</bibRefCitation>
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). All of the specimens were donated by Pitcher to the Manchester Museum, along with copious other entomological specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="598E6572FFCEFF99D6CAFAB2FE162F92" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" type="description">
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<paragraph id="112B36F9FFCEFF97D6CAFAB2FC922A48" blockId="6.[140,1108,871,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">
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The foodplants of
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCEFF97D7F4FAB5FE3C2938" authorityName="Menetries. This" authorityYear="1848" box="[391,485,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Capnodis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisa">
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCEFF97D7F4FAB5FE3C2938" box="[391,485,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">C. excisa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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include
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCEFF97D434FAB2FD1E2938" box="[583,711,1363,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Calligonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCEFF97D434FAB2FD1E2938" box="[583,711,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Calligonum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCEFF97D48CFAB2FCB72938" box="[767,878,1363,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Haloxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCEFF97D48CFAB2FCB72938" box="[767,878,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Haloxylon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and MG conducted extensive searches for the beetle on these plants in the
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<collectingCountry id="69837669FFCEFF97D57FFA96FC9C29C4" box="[780,837,1399,1425]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">UAE</collectingCountry>
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during the 1990’s, but without success. The beetle is present, however, in the
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<collectingCountry id="69837669FFCEFF97D487FA7BFCF429E1" box="[756,813,1434,1460]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">UAE</collectingCountry>
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since in
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<date id="652A1039FFCEFF97D5E0FA7BFB9629E1" box="[915,1103,1434,1460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" value="2008-11">November 2008</date>
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, a specimen (
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<figureCitation id="89AF2A7CFFCEFF97D76AFA5CFE852982" box="[281,348,1469,1495]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[140,212,1126,1148]" captionTargetBox="[271,815,165,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[270,976,165,1106]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. The flat-headed borer jewel beetle, Capnodis excisa. This specimen was collected by J. N. B. Brown in the Madam area, UAE; originally in the Abu Dhabi Collection, it is now housed in the JAAEN- HG Insect Collection in Al Ain (photograph by B. Howarth)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767383/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) was found amongst other beetles and insects in the old collection of the
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<collectingRegion id="D350F81BFFCEFF97D6A9FA01FE8229AF" box="[218,347,1504,1530]" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Abu Zaby" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Abu Dhabi</collectingRegion>
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chapter of the ENHG, which had been transferred to Al Ain for amalgamation with the insect collection of the Al Ain chapter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="112B36F9FFCEFF96D6CAF9C6FDFB29AE" blockId="6.[140,1108,871,1672]" lastBlockId="7.[140,1108,1258,1672]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">
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Interestingly, during the preparation of this article, further evidence for the presence of this beetle came to light during an internet search. A photograph of the beetle, correctly identified, taken near Shiba in
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<collectingRegion id="D350F81BFFCEFF97D423F98CFD202AD2" box="[592,761,1645,1671]" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Dubayy" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Dubai Emirate</collectingRegion>
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appeared in the online edition of the
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<collectingRegion id="D350F81BFFCFFF96D6A6FB0BFE8D2951" box="[213,340,1258,1284]" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Abu Zaby" pageId="7" pageNumber="126">Abu Dhabi</collectingRegion>
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ENHG newsletter Focus for
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<date id="652A1039FFCFFF96D4D1FB0BFC822951" box="[674,859,1258,1284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" value="2007-11">November 2007</date>
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(ENHG 2007). Even more interesting was the cover photograph purporting to show
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCFFF96D52FFAECFBC42972" authorityName="Laporte & Gory" authorityYear="1835" box="[860,1053,1293,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Julodis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphratica">
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCFFF96D52FFAECFBC42972" box="[860,1053,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="126">Julodis euphratica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but which actually shows a different species, which is almost certainly
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCFFF96D5FFFAD0FC27291F" authorityName="Holynski" authorityYear="1996" box="[908,1022,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Julodis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candida">
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCFFF96D5FFFAD0FC27291F" box="[908,1022,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="126">J. candida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. If this is correct, then this is the only known photograph of this species and is remarkable in that it not only shows the creamy white pulverulence mentioned above, but also orange-yellow longitudinal stripes along the centre of the pronotum and along the margins of the elytra that are not obvious either in the dead insect (Fig. 1) or the original description by
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<bibRefCitation id="75054B08FFCFFF96D72DFA01FDC729AE" author="Holynski RB" box="[350,542,1504,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" pagination="135 - 144" refId="ref5573" refString="Holynski RB (1996) Five new species of Buprestidae (Coleoptera) from Africa, Arabia and Turkey. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum - Entomology 6 - 7: 135 - 144." type="journal article" year="1996">Holyński (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="45EB6671FFCFFF96D6FFFB87FD1028E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767383" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767383/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" startId="7.[140,212,1126,1148]" targetBox="[271,815,165,1060]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="112B36F9FFCFFF96D6FFFB87FD1028E9" blockId="7.[140,1108,1126,1212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCFFF96D6FFFB87FF292829" bold="true" box="[140,240,1126,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="126">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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The flat-headed borer jewel beetle,
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<emphasis id="23E0EAEBFFCFFF96D431FB87FD0F282E" box="[578,726,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
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<taxonomicName id="D6944D7AFFCFFF96D431FB87FD0B282E" authorityName="Menetries. This" authorityYear="1848" box="[578,722,1126,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Capnodis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisa">Capnodis excisa</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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This specimen was collected by J. N. B. Brown in the Madam area, UAE; originally in the Abu Dhabi Collection, it is now housed in the JAAEN- HG Insect Collection in Al Ain (photograph by B. Howarth).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="112B36F9FFCFFF99D6CAF9E2FDFF2D24" blockId="7.[140,1108,1258,1672]" lastBlockId="8.[140,1108,167,967]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="7" pageNumber="126">Careful examination of old insect collections will continue to add new species to regional faunas and even to science along with valuable data on distribution, biology and ecology, making them resources that need to be curated to a high standard. However, in parts of the world where the entomofauna is still incom- pletely known, it is not enough to sit back and view such collections as the only resource available for improving knowledge. Continued new collecting by amateur and professional naturalists alike is still required, perhaps as never before as human encroachment on wild habitats increases exponentially. If such collecting stops or slows down, then it may be too late when it restarts to record tomorrow, the complete biodiversity that exists today.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="112B36F9FFC0FF99D6CAFE9BFE162F92" blockId="8.[140,1108,167,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
|
||
In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69837669FFC0FF99D774FE9BFE9D2DC1" box="[263,324,378,404]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">UAE</collectingCountry>
|
||
, there is an ongoing privately-funded programme aimed at producing an inventory of arthropod species within the country and the first volume of new records has been published, recording over 500 new species to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69837669FFC0FF99D5BBFE21FBDB2D8F" box="[968,1026,448,474]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">UAE</collectingCountry>
|
||
in just over three years of study (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="75054B08FFC0FF99D7C9FE05FD562DAB" author="Van Harten A & Dar Al" box="[442,655,484,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" refId="ref5795" refString="Van Harten A (Ed) (2008) Arthropod Fauna of the UAE: Vol. 1. Dar Al Ummah, Abu Dhabi, 754 pp." type="book" year="2008">Van Harten 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It would be easy to assume that such a programme will result in the discovery and recording of every species present in the seven emirates. On the world scale, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69837669FFC0FF99D4FBFDCBFD1B2E11" box="[648,706,554,580]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">UAE</collectingCountry>
|
||
is a small country, but in terms of collecting insects, it represents a territorial immensity to be covered by a handful of personnel and a few malaise and light traps. Along with van Harten’s volume, a further publication pulls together data from the literature, along with the author’s records and unpublished national data that resides in the collection of the Environment Agency –
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D350F81BFFC0FF99D706FD3BFE202EA1" box="[373,505,730,756]" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Abu Zaby" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Abu Dhabi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="75054B08FFC0FF99D47FFD3BFC972EA1" author="Howarth B & Gillett MPT" box="[524,846,730,756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="378 - 465" refId="ref5653" refString="Howarth B, Gillett MPT (2008) The terrestrial and freshwater arthropods of Adu Dhabi Emirate. In: Perry RJ (Ed) Terrestrial Environment of Abu Dhabi Emirate. Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, 378 - 465." type="book chapter" year="2008">Howarth and Gillett 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Combined with van Harten’s records, more than 2000 species of insects are currently known to occur in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69837669FFC0FF99D6C9FCC1FF2E2F6F" box="[186,247,800,826]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">UAE</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and this very likely is only a fraction of what actually occurs. This effectively means that there is still a place for private collecting either by individuals or by non-government organizations in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69837669FFC0FF99D414FC86FD7C2FD4" box="[615,677,871,897]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">UAE</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Some recent captures of rare insects, not just beetles, but true flies and neuropterans, by BH and other members of the ENHG illustrate this point.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |