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<document id="8361E816817134F1C0DE6B359F4A70CA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3999.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4cc96b20-e747-4759-b245-667151004125" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="234012" ID-ZooBank="F91C0D00-FC34-4D42-9B2F-D7BE686291F6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461281741490" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vagalinski, Boyan, Stoev, Pavel &amp; Enghoff, Henrik" docDate="2015" docId="990B87FC346A3227FF437A42F8107ECC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03999p362.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3999 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Typhloiulus orpheus Vagalinski, Stoev &amp; Enghoff, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="352" masterDocId="6532FF8434653235FFD47E5EFA037C3F" masterDocTitle="A review of the millipede genus Typhloiulus Latzel, 1884 (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), with a description of three new species from Bulgaria and Greece" masterLastPageNumber="362" masterPageNumber="334" pageNumber="349" updateTime="1698614218927" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E42A8B660DCEAB2552A5EC093EF9D80D">A review of the millipede genus Typhloiulus Latzel, 1884 (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), with a description of three new species from Bulgaria and Greece</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D788222BE902AEB558959FE0BDE42CDE">Vagalinski, Boyan</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="990B87FC346A3227FF437A42F8107ECC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664872" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119640759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664872" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:990B87FC346A3227FF437A42F8107ECC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/990B87FC346A3227FF437A42F8107ECC" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
<subSubSection id="59B86561346A323AFF437A42F88378A3" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="111D36EA346A323AFF437A42FBDA7809" blockId="15.[151,473,1052,1111]" box="[151,473,1052,1078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
<heading id="4A558186346A323AFF437A42FBDA7809" bold="true" box="[151,473,1052,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" reason="1">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF8346A323AFF437A42FBDA7809" bold="true" box="[151,473,1052,1078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
<taxonomicName id="D6A24D69346A323AFF437A42FB937809" ID-CoL="8NBC7" box="[151,400,1052,1078]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Typhloiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orpheus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF8346A323AFF437A42FB937809" bold="true" box="[151,400,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">Typhloiulus orpheus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="38E55783346A323AFE437A42FBDA7809" box="[407,473,1052,1078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="111D36EA346A323AFF437A60FB177868" blockId="15.[151,473,1052,1111]" box="[151,276,1086,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
<figureCitation id="89992A6F346A323AFF437A60FB177868" box="[151,276,1086,1111]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 20 25" captionStart-1="FIGURES 26 29" captionStartId-0="16.[151,264,1332,1355]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,264,1608,1631]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1300]" captionTargetBox-1="[260,1336,354,1569]" captionTargetId-0="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1311]" captionTargetId-1="figure@17.[233,1353,337,1588]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionText-0="FIGURES 20 25. Typhloiulus orpheus sp. n. holotype (22 &amp; 25), paratype male (21, 23 &amp; 24) and paratype female (20) (NMNHS): (20) habitus, not to scale; (21) telson, lateral view; arrows indicating marginal bumps on anal valves; (22) leg 2; (23) mid-body leg; (24) end-body leg; (25) penis. Abbreviations: al: apical lobe, tl: terminal lamellae. Scale bars of the drawings: 0.2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 26 29. Typhloiulus orpheus sp. n. paratype male (NMNHS): (26) left gonopods, mesal view; (27) left meso- and opisthomere, lateral view; (28) right promere, caudal view; (29) right vulva, lateral view (setae omitted, receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis). Abbreviations: bs: basal spine, ct: central tube, el: external lobe, f: flagellum, fc: flagellum channel, il: internal lobe, l: intermediate lamella, o: opening, op: operculum, M: mesomere, P: promere, pa: posterior ampulla, pt: posterior tube, s: solenomere, sf: spine-form filaments, v: velum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/234017/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/234018/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">Figs 2029</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="111D36EA346A323AFF437AD8F88378A3" blockId="15.[151,640,1158,1181]" box="[151,640,1158,1181]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
<taxonomicName id="D6A24D69346A323AFF437AD8FB0E78A3" box="[151,269,1158,1180]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Typhloiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF8346A323AFF437AD8FB0E78A3" box="[151,269,1158,1180]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">Typhloiulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="38E55783346A323AFEC77AD9FB4F78A3" box="[275,332,1159,1180]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<bibRefCitation id="75334B1B346A323AFE827AD8F81D78A3" author="Enghoff" box="[342,542,1158,1181]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" refString="Enghoff, H., Petersen, G. &amp; Seberg, O. (2013) The aberrant millipede genus Pteridoiulus and its position in a revised molecular phylogeny of the family Julidae (Diplopoda: Julida). Invertebrate Systematics, 27, 515 - 529. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 13016" type="journal article" year="2013">
Enghoff
<emphasis id="23D6EAF8346A323AFE7B7AD6FBE078A3" box="[431,483,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
: p. 15, 21
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="59B86561346A323AFF437A97FB9F79E1" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="111D36EA346A323AFF437A97FE467915" blockId="15.[151,1437,1225,2006]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF8346A323AFF437A97FB7878DD" bold="true" box="[151,379,1225,1250]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
Material.
<typeStatus id="CE198848346A323AFEDA7A97FB7878DD" box="[270,379,1225,1250]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
♂ broken into 3 pieces, leg-pair 2 &amp; penis dissected (
<collectionCode id="77B3AE2F346A323AFC3C7A94FE5778DD" box="[1000,1108,1226,1250]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">NMNHS</collectionCode>
);
<collectingCountry id="69B5767A346A323AFBBC7A97FECF78DD" box="[1128,1228,1225,1250]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
, Western Rhodopi Mts., v. Trigrad, in close proximity to cave Dyavolskoto garlo, limestone scree with sparse European spruce trees, some
<quantity id="D65A9B0F346A323AFF0D7B4FFB4B7916" box="[217,328,1297,1322]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">1520 cm</quantity>
below the surface, in gravel with some rootless,
<date id="651C102A346A323AFCB87B4CF9E17915" box="[876,994,1298,1322]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" value="2014-05-27">27.V.2014</date>
, BV leg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="111D36EA346A323AFF137B6BFB9F79E1" blockId="15.[151,1437,1225,2006]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF8346A323AFF137B6BFB3C7971" bold="true" box="[199,319,1333,1358]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
<typeStatus id="CE198848346A323AFF137B6BFB3C7971" box="[199,319,1333,1358]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="77B3AE2F346A323AFE847B68FBBF7971" box="[336,444,1334,1358]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">NMNHS</collectionCode>
):
<specimenCount id="07A4FD63346A323AFE057B68FBFE7972" box="[465,509,1334,1358]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
broken into 2 pieces; head + first 7 segments lost in the course of examination; gonopods, mid-body &amp; end-body leg slide-mounted, same locality and collector as of the
<typeStatus id="CE198848346A323AFBAB7B07FEE7794D" box="[1151,1252,1369,1394]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<date id="651C102A346A323AFB3B7B07FF87794D" box="[1263,1412,1369,1394]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" value="2011-08-15">15.VIII.2011</date>
; 2 ♀, 1 intact, 1 broken into 2 pieces, same locality and collector as of the
<typeStatus id="CE198848346A323AFC207B23FE5A79AA" box="[1012,1113,1405,1429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<date id="651C102A346A323AFBBC7B23FEF779AA" box="[1128,1268,1405,1429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" value="2013-07-30">30.VII.2013</date>
; 4 ♀ (3 intact specimens, 1 broken into 2 parts, with dissected vulvae),
<specimenCount id="07A4FD63346A323AFCF57BFCF9627985" box="[801,865,1441,1466]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="generic">1 juv.</specimenCount>
(broken into 2 parts), same locality and collecting data as of the
<typeStatus id="CE198848346A323AFEE67B9BFB9B79E1" box="[306,408,1477,1502]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="59B86561346A323AFF137BB7F9A27A89" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="111D36EA346A323AFF137BB7F9A27A89" blockId="15.[151,1437,1225,2006]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF8346A323AFF137BB7FB427A3D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1513,1538]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Resembles its most similar congener—
<taxonomicName id="D6A24D69346A323AFCDE7BB4F9957A3D" box="[778,918,1513,1538]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Typhloiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kotelensis">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF8346A323AFCDE7BB4F9957A3D" box="[778,918,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">T. kotelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—especially by the presence of bumps at the caudal margin of the anal valves, a character seen in no other species of
<taxonomicName id="D6A24D69346A323AFC187853FE4D7A19" box="[972,1102,1549,1574]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Typhloiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF8346A323AFC187853FE4D7A19" box="[972,1102,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">Typhloiulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; differs from it by its smaller size, much paler colouration, relatively longer preanal process, and by gonopod details, viz., promere more or less parallel-sided with an almost straight apical margin, rather than gradually narrowing towards a broadly rounded apex; opisthomere straight, rather than bent anteriad in its distal part, with a less strongly developed intermediate lamella and a relatively smaller (compared to the solenomere) velum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="59B86561346A323AFF13789FFE067B79" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="111D36EA346A323AFF13789FFE067B79" blockId="15.[151,1437,1225,2006]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF8346A323AFF13789FFB4D7AE5" bold="true" box="[199,334,1729,1754]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">Etymology.</emphasis>
After
<taxonomicName id="D6A24D69346A323AFE41789FFBF47AE5" box="[405,503,1729,1754]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Typhloiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orpheus" status="sp. nov.">Orpheus</taxonomicName>
, a mythical hero, musician, poet, and prophet in ancient Greek religion. The species was found in close proximity to the cave Devils throat (Dyavolskoto garlo) which, according to a local belief, is the gate to the underworld. According to local believes,
<taxonomicName id="D6A24D69346A323AFCDB7957F96D7B1D" box="[783,878,1801,1826]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Typhloiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orpheus" status="sp. nov.">Orpheus</taxonomicName>
should have passed through the cave in his travel to retrieve his wife Eurydice from the Kingdom of Hades. Noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="59B86561346A3227FF13790FFF4D7DCB" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="description">
<paragraph id="111D36EA346A323AFF13790FFEFB7BB2" blockId="15.[151,1437,1225,2006]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF8346A323AFF13790FFB5A7B55" bold="true" box="[199,345,1873,1898]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">Description.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="CE198848346A323AFEB6790FFBC97B55" box="[354,458,1873,1898]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
with 42+3+T body rings, l =
<quantity id="D65A9B0F346A323AFCF8790CF9837B56" box="[812,896,1874,1898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
, h =
<quantity id="D65A9B0F346A323AFC15790FFE287B56" box="[961,1067,1873,1898]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
;
<typeStatus id="CE198848346A323AFBEE790CFE997B55" box="[1082,1178,1874,1898]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
♂ with 58+1+T body rings, h =
<quantity id="D65A9B0F346A323AFEDD7928FB617BB2" box="[265,354,1910,1934]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
;
<typeStatus id="CE198848346A323AFEB97928FBCD7BB1" box="[365,462,1910,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
females (4956)+(13)+T body rings, l =
<quantity id="D65A9B0F346A323AFC7E7928FE267BB2" box="[938,1061,1910,1934]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="14.0">1419 mm</quantity>
, h =
<quantity id="D65A9B0F346A323AFB88792BFEF77BB2" box="[1116,1268,1909,1934]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="15" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="1.075" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.95">0.951.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="111D36EA346A323AFF1379C7F8D77BE9" blockId="15.[151,1437,1225,2006]" pageId="15" pageNumber="349">Colouration: white to light yellowish, head and first several rings somewhat lighter than remaining body; gut partly visible through a semi-transparent tegument.</paragraph>
<caption id="45DD666234753225FF437B6AFB557999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234017/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="350" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1300]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="111D36EA34753225FF437B6AFB557999" blockId="16.[151,1436,1332,1446]" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FF437B6AFB547975" bold="true" box="[151,343,1332,1355]" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">FIGURES 2025.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D6A24D6934753225FEB47B6AF8327975" box="[352,561,1332,1354]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Typhloiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="16" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orpheus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FEB47B6AF8327975" box="[352,561,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">Typhloiulus orpheus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="38E5578334753225FDEE7B6BF8757975" box="[570,630,1333,1354]" pageId="16" pageNumber="350" rank="species">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FDEE7B6BF8757975" bold="true" box="[570,630,1333,1354]" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (22 &amp; 25), paratype male (21, 23 &amp; 24) and paratype female (20) (NMNHS):
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FEC67B0DFB3F7955" bold="true" box="[274,316,1363,1386]" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">(20)</emphasis>
habitus, not to scale;
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FDF57B0DF84F7955" bold="true" box="[545,588,1363,1386]" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">(21)</emphasis>
telson, lateral view; arrows indicating marginal bumps on anal valves;
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FAFB7B0DFF5A7955" bold="true" box="[1327,1369,1363,1386]" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">(22)</emphasis>
leg 2;
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FF437B2FFAC279B7" bold="true" box="[151,193,1393,1416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">(23)</emphasis>
mid-body leg;
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FEBE7B2FFB9079B7" bold="true" box="[362,403,1393,1416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">(24)</emphasis>
end-body leg;
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FDEE7B2FF86779B7" bold="true" box="[570,612,1393,1416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">(25)</emphasis>
penis. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FC837B2FF96879B8" bold="true" box="[855,875,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">al</emphasis>
: apical lobe,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FBD47B2FFE0D79B8" bold="true" box="[1024,1038,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">tl</emphasis>
: terminal lamellae. Scale bars of the drawings: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="111D36EA34753224FF137B93FBF97CEA" blockId="16.[151,1437,1485,2017]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">
External structures: 4 supralabral and 18 labral setae. Labrum tridentate. Antennomeres 2, 3, 4 and 5 more or less equally long,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FEB57BA8FB7F7A32" box="[353,380,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">ca</emphasis>
1.5 times longer than 6th; antennomere 5 with a group of long
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FBE37BAAFF0F7A32" box="[1079,1292,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">sensilla basiconica</emphasis>
(longer than the 4 sensilla on the antennal apex) laterally; similar, but much smaller sensilla present on antennomere 6. Male mandibular stipites not enlarged. Gnathochilarium of normal julid appearance, with 3 apical setae on each stipes, and with 4 setae in a row on each lingual plate; promentum relatively small,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834753225FC3A783CFE0A7A46" box="[1006,1033,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">ca</emphasis>
0.35 times as long as lingual plates, length to width ratio: 1.66. Collum smooth with 45 shallow striae at postero-lateral corner. Body rings not or very slightly vaulted. Prozonae smooth. Metazonae with rather sparse, but well-pronounced striations; 6 striae in a square with sides equal to metazonal length just below ozopore level; a dense whorl of long (equal to or slightly exceeding metazonal length), erect setae at metazonal hind margin. Ozopores placed close (about 12 times of their diameter) behind pro-metazonal suture. Telson (
<figureCitation id="89992A6F34753225FD6F794BF90D7B12" box="[699,782,1813,1838]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 25" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1332,1355]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1311]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 20 25. Typhloiulus orpheus sp. n. holotype (22 &amp; 25), paratype male (21, 23 &amp; 24) and paratype female (20) (NMNHS): (20) habitus, not to scale; (21) telson, lateral view; arrows indicating marginal bumps on anal valves; (22) leg 2; (23) mid-body leg; (24) end-body leg; (25) penis. Abbreviations: al: apical lobe, tl: terminal lamellae. Scale bars of the drawings: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234017/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
) densely setose, dorsal surface evenly covered with very long setae. Preanal process long and slender, pointed, strongly curved downwards, equal to or slightly surpassing longest anal setae. Subanal scale short, flat, tightly fitting under anal valves, bearing several setae. Anal valves densely pilose, with a distinct row of shorter (1/31/2 of the lateral) setae along caudal margins; several rounded bumps present near each margin. Male pleurotergum 7 with broad, rounded protrusions, directed ventro-mesad. Male leg-pair 1 short, somewhat converging hooks without tarsal remnants. Male walking legs (
<figureCitation id="89992A6F34753225FADB7996FF977BDE" box="[1295,1428,1992,2017]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 25" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1332,1355]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1311]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 20 25. Typhloiulus orpheus sp. n. holotype (22 &amp; 25), paratype male (21, 23 &amp; 24) and paratype female (20) (NMNHS): (20) habitus, not to scale; (21) telson, lateral view; arrows indicating marginal bumps on anal valves; (22) leg 2; (23) mid-body leg; (24) end-body leg; (25) penis. Abbreviations: al: apical lobe, tl: terminal lamellae. Scale bars of the drawings: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234017/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="350">Figs 2224</figureCitation>
) without adhesive pads or other specialized structures. Tarsus of mid-body leg
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FBD67EC7FE1E7C8F" box="[1026,1053,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">ca</emphasis>
1.5 times longer than tibia and
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FA557EC7FF987C8F" box="[1409,1435,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">ca</emphasis>
2 times longer than apical claw.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="111D36EA34743224FF137E81FB897D23" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">
Penis (
<figureCitation id="89992A6F34743224FEC37E81FB737CC7" box="[279,368,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 25" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1332,1355]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1311]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 20 25. Typhloiulus orpheus sp. n. holotype (22 &amp; 25), paratype male (21, 23 &amp; 24) and paratype female (20) (NMNHS): (20) habitus, not to scale; (21) telson, lateral view; arrows indicating marginal bumps on anal valves; (22) leg 2; (23) mid-body leg; (24) end-body leg; (25) penis. Abbreviations: al: apical lobe, tl: terminal lamellae. Scale bars of the drawings: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234017/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
): elongated, trapezoidal, with short, diverging apical lobes (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FBE47E81FE467CC7" bold="true" box="[1072,1093,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">al</emphasis>
) ending with well-developed terminal lamellae (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FEBE7F5AFB7A7D22" bold="true" box="[362,377,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">tl</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="45DD666234743224FF437816FF5E7AE5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234018/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="351" targetBox="[260,1336,354,1569]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="111D36EA34743224FF437816FF5E7AE5" blockId="17.[151,1436,1608,1754]" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FF437816FB567A61" bold="true" box="[151,341,1608,1631]" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">FIGURES 2629.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D6A24D6934743224FE887817F8287A60" box="[348,555,1609,1631]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Typhloiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orpheus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FE887817F8287A60" box="[348,555,1609,1631]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">Typhloiulus orpheus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="38E5578334743224FDE77817F86E7A61" box="[563,621,1609,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="351" rank="species">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FDE77817F86E7A61" bold="true" box="[563,621,1609,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
paratype male (NMNHS):
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FC5C7816F9B27A60" bold="true" box="[904,945,1608,1631]" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">(26)</emphasis>
left gonopods, mesal view;
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FB027816FF037A60" bold="true" box="[1238,1280,1608,1631]" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">(27)</emphasis>
left meso- and opisthomere, lateral view;
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FE727839FBD37A41" bold="true" box="[422,464,1639,1662]" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">(28)</emphasis>
right promere, caudal view;
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FD2C7839F9227A41" bold="true" box="[760,801,1639,1662]" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">(29)</emphasis>
right vulva, lateral view (setae omitted, receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FC7E78D8F9C37AA3" bold="true" box="[938,960,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">bs</emphasis>
: basal spine,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FB9878D9FE5D7AA3" bold="true" box="[1100,1118,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">ct</emphasis>
: central tube,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FB2578D8FF007AA3" bold="true" box="[1265,1283,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">el</emphasis>
: external lobe,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FF4378FBFA9C7A84" bold="true" box="[151,159,1701,1723]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">f</emphasis>
: flagellum,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FEF678FBFB357A84" bold="true" box="[290,310,1701,1723]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">fc</emphasis>
: flagellum channel,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FDC578FBF81C7A84" bold="true" box="[529,543,1701,1723]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">il</emphasis>
: internal lobe,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FD1778FBF8C97A84" bold="true" box="[707,714,1701,1723]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">l</emphasis>
: intermediate lamella,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FC6B78FBF9C87A85" bold="true" box="[959,971,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">o</emphasis>
: opening,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FBEA78FBFE547A85" bold="true" box="[1086,1111,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">op</emphasis>
: operculum,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FB3178FBFEF87A85" bold="true" box="[1253,1275,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">M</emphasis>
: mesomere,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FA5178FBFF977A85" bold="true" box="[1413,1428,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">P</emphasis>
: promere,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FF2C789AFB127AE6" bold="true" box="[248,273,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">pa</emphasis>
: posterior ampulla,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FE09789AFBF37AE6" bold="true" box="[477,496,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">pt</emphasis>
: posterior tube,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FD42789AF8A37AE6" bold="true" box="[662,672,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">s</emphasis>
: solenomere,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FCFB789DF9427AE6" bold="true" box="[815,833,1731,1753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">sf</emphasis>
: spine-form filaments,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FBFB789AFE397AE6" bold="true" box="[1071,1082,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">v</emphasis>
: velum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="111D36EA34743227FF137958FE307D22" blockId="17.[151,1436,1798,2003]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,755]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">
Gonopods (
<figureCitation id="89992A6F34743224FE9D7958FBCD7B20" box="[329,462,1798,1823]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 29" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1608,1631]" captionTargetBox="[260,1336,354,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[233,1353,337,1588]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 26 29. Typhloiulus orpheus sp. n. paratype male (NMNHS): (26) left gonopods, mesal view; (27) left meso- and opisthomere, lateral view; (28) right promere, caudal view; (29) right vulva, lateral view (setae omitted, receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis). Abbreviations: bs: basal spine, ct: central tube, el: external lobe, f: flagellum, fc: flagellum channel, il: internal lobe, l: intermediate lamella, o: opening, op: operculum, M: mesomere, P: promere, pa: posterior ampulla, pt: posterior tube, s: solenomere, sf: spine-form filaments, v: velum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234018/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">Figs 2628</figureCitation>
): Rather compact,
<taxonomicName id="D6A24D6934743224FD767959F8EB7B21" box="[674,744,1799,1822]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Inversotyphlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="situ">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FD767959F8EB7B21" box="[674,744,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">in situ</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
entirely concealed inside gonopodal sinus, promere covering tip of mesomere, opisthomere outreaching by far both pro- and mesomere. Promere (
<figureCitation id="89992A6F34743224FB477974FEE87B7C" box="[1171,1259,1834,1859]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 29" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1608,1631]" captionTargetBox="[260,1336,354,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[233,1353,337,1588]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 26 29. Typhloiulus orpheus sp. n. paratype male (NMNHS): (26) left gonopods, mesal view; (27) left meso- and opisthomere, lateral view; (28) right promere, caudal view; (29) right vulva, lateral view (setae omitted, receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis). Abbreviations: bs: basal spine, ct: central tube, el: external lobe, f: flagellum, fc: flagellum channel, il: internal lobe, l: intermediate lamella, o: opening, op: operculum, M: mesomere, P: promere, pa: posterior ampulla, pt: posterior tube, s: solenomere, sf: spine-form filaments, v: velum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234018/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FB297975FF0D7B7D" bold="true" box="[1277,1294,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">P</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="89992A6F34743224FAE97974FF907B7C" box="[1341,1427,1834,1859]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 29" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1608,1631]" captionTargetBox="[260,1336,354,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[233,1353,337,1588]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 26 29. Typhloiulus orpheus sp. n. paratype male (NMNHS): (26) left gonopods, mesal view; (27) left meso- and opisthomere, lateral view; (28) right promere, caudal view; (29) right vulva, lateral view (setae omitted, receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis). Abbreviations: bs: basal spine, ct: central tube, el: external lobe, f: flagellum, fc: flagellum channel, il: internal lobe, l: intermediate lamella, o: opening, op: operculum, M: mesomere, P: promere, pa: posterior ampulla, pt: posterior tube, s: solenomere, sf: spine-form filaments, v: velum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234018/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
) relatively short, rounded, subquadrangular, almost parallel-sided, with a concave posterior surface; apical part bent posteriad, with horizontal rows of small protuberances; parabasal internal lobe (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FBE2792CFE467BB4" bold="true" box="[1078,1093,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">il</emphasis>
) short, edgy, with two apical setae; parabasal external lobe (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FE2479C8F8077B90" bold="true" box="[496,516,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">el</emphasis>
) oblong, outreaching by far internal one. Flagellum (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FB8F79C8FE677B90" bold="true" box="[1115,1124,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">f</emphasis>
) thin, nearly 2 times longer than promere. Mesomere (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834743224FE1679E5FBD87BED" bold="true" box="[450,475,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">M</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="89992A6F34743224FDD479E4F8957BEC" box="[512,662,1978,2003]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 29" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1608,1631]" captionTargetBox="[260,1336,354,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[233,1353,337,1588]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 26 29. Typhloiulus orpheus sp. n. paratype male (NMNHS): (26) left gonopods, mesal view; (27) left meso- and opisthomere, lateral view; (28) right promere, caudal view; (29) right vulva, lateral view (setae omitted, receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis). Abbreviations: bs: basal spine, ct: central tube, el: external lobe, f: flagellum, fc: flagellum channel, il: internal lobe, l: intermediate lamella, o: opening, op: operculum, M: mesomere, P: promere, pa: posterior ampulla, pt: posterior tube, s: solenomere, sf: spine-form filaments, v: velum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234018/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="351">Figs 26 &amp; 27</figureCitation>
) short, with a posteriorly deeply concave middle part; apical surface densely tuberculate. Opisthomere (
<figureCitation id="89992A6F34773227FDCB7EC9F8B57C8F" box="[543,694,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 29" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1608,1631]" captionTargetBox="[260,1336,354,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[233,1353,337,1588]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 26 29. Typhloiulus orpheus sp. n. paratype male (NMNHS): (26) left gonopods, mesal view; (27) left meso- and opisthomere, lateral view; (28) right promere, caudal view; (29) right vulva, lateral view (setae omitted, receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis). Abbreviations: bs: basal spine, ct: central tube, el: external lobe, f: flagellum, fc: flagellum channel, il: internal lobe, l: intermediate lamella, o: opening, op: operculum, M: mesomere, P: promere, pa: posterior ampulla, pt: posterior tube, s: solenomere, sf: spine-form filaments, v: velum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234018/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">Figs 26 &amp; 27</figureCitation>
) with a mostly straight posterior margin, without processes; basal spine (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FF317EE2FAFE7CEA" bold="true" box="[229,253,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">bs</emphasis>
) slightly sigmoid, pointing distad; intermediate lamella (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FC457EE2F99A7CEA" bold="true" box="[913,921,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">l</emphasis>
) moderately pronounced, reaching
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FAE77EE3FF4E7CEB" box="[1331,1357,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">ca</emphasis>
2/3 of opisthomere height; velum (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FE067EBEFBDD7CC8" bold="true" box="[466,478,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">v</emphasis>
) unipartite, thin, pointed, slightly bent distad; solenomere (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FBA27EBEFE827CC8" bold="true" box="[1142,1153,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">s</emphasis>
) subconical, with a blunt apex bearing a row of several minute spine-like filaments (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FCFF7F5AF93C7D22" bold="true" box="[811,831,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">sf</emphasis>
) on its posterior side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="111D36EA34773227FF137F79FF4D7DCB" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,755]" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">
Vulva (
<figureCitation id="89992A6F34773227FEC97F79FB767D7F" box="[285,373,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 29" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1608,1631]" captionTargetBox="[260,1336,354,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[233,1353,337,1588]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 26 29. Typhloiulus orpheus sp. n. paratype male (NMNHS): (26) left gonopods, mesal view; (27) left meso- and opisthomere, lateral view; (28) right promere, caudal view; (29) right vulva, lateral view (setae omitted, receptaculum seen by transparency, but drawn with solid lines for better emphasis). Abbreviations: bs: basal spine, ct: central tube, el: external lobe, f: flagellum, fc: flagellum channel, il: internal lobe, l: intermediate lamella, o: opening, op: operculum, M: mesomere, P: promere, pa: posterior ampulla, pt: posterior tube, s: solenomere, sf: spine-form filaments, v: velum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234018/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
): Considerably compressed meso-laterally, somewhat asymmetric: mesal valve broader and slightly higher than lateral one, operculum with a more steeply oblique lateral margin. Opening (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FB2D7F12FF047D5C" bold="true" box="[1273,1287,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">o</emphasis>
) narrow and cleft-like, positioned at
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FE7D7F2FFBC77DB7" box="[425,452,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">ca</emphasis>
half of bursal height. 5 setae in a vertical row on each valve. Operculum (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FAFA7F2EFF497DB8" bold="true" box="[1326,1354,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">op</emphasis>
) much higher than bursa, with a narrowly rounded apical margin; 4 vertical rows of 45 long setae each in distal part of operculum.
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FEF47FE9F81D7DEF" box="[288,542,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">Receptaculum seminis</emphasis>
consisting of a finger-shaped central tube (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FBCB7FE6FE307DF0" bold="true" box="[1055,1075,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">ct</emphasis>
) not forming a distinct central ampulla (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FED57F82FB1F7DCC" bold="true" box="[257,284,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">ca</emphasis>
) and of a thin, somewhat folded posterior tube (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FCED7F82F94C7DCC" bold="true" box="[825,847,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">pt</emphasis>
) ending into an ovoid posterior ampulla (
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FAF67F82FF3D7DCC" bold="true" box="[1314,1342,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">pa</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="59B8656134773227FF137FA1F8107ECC" pageId="18" pageNumber="352" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="111D36EA34773227FF137FA1F88E7E60" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,755]" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FF137FA1FB387E27" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D6A24D6934773227FE9C7C5FFBC07E27" box="[328,451,511,536]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Typhloiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="18" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orpheus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FE9C7C5FFBC07E27" box="[328,451,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">T. orpheus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="38E5578334773227FE067FA1F81B7E27" box="[466,536,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="352" rank="species">
<emphasis id="23D6EAF834773227FE067FA1F81B7E27" bold="true" box="[466,536,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is probably an endogean species considering its small size and an almost colourless body, coupled with the fact that it has not been found in any of the caves in the area, which are generally well-prospected in a biospeleological aspect.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="111D36EA34773227FF137C32F8107ECC" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,755]" pageId="18" pageNumber="352">
The name “
<taxonomicName id="D6A24D6934773227FE9D7C32FBA57EBA" box="[329,422,620,645]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Typhloiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="18" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orpheus">orpheus</taxonomicName>
” is the result of a public decision after one month of online voting through the website of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (NMNHS). The initiative was on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of the museum in 2014, and aimed at raising awareness of taxonomy and and making people acquainted with taxonomists job.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>