445 lines
41 KiB
XML
445 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752" ID-PMC="PMC5546388" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-82-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F256D77DFFB55B008F3AFFA9241E6653" ID-PubMed="28794681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138123" ModsDocID="1314-2003-82-35" checkinTime="1502745023928" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O. & Horn, Charles N." docDate="2017" docId="98FA006D01F35966971141DCF9735ED6" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 82: 35-56" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 82" docPubDate="2017-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752" docTitle="Heteranthera pumila M. Pell. & C. N. Horn 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="F256D77DFFB55B008F3AFFA9241E6653" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="F256D77DFFB55B008F3AFFA9241E6653" masterDocTitle="Two peculiar new species of Heteranthera Ruiz & Pavon (Pontederiaceae) from Brazil, with notes on inflorescence architecture in the family" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1668142005081" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two peculiar new species of Heteranthera Ruiz & Pavon (Pontederiaceae) from Brazil, with notes on inflorescence architecture in the family</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil & Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, CEP 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil & Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington DC 20013 - 7012, USA (current address)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Horn, Charles N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Newberry College, Department of Sciences and Mathematics, 2100 College Street, Newberry, SC 29108, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>82</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-82-35</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F256D77DFFB55B008F3AFFA9241E6653</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1138123</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226020" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:98FA006D01F35966971141DCF9735ED6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/98FA006D01F35966971141DCF9735ED6" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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2.
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<taxonomicName LSID="98FA006D-01F3-5966-9711-41DCF9735ED6" authority="M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityName="M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila" status="sp. nov.">Heteranthera pumila M.Pell. & C.N.Horn</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution map. ■ Heteranthera catharinensis C. N. Horn & M. Pell. ● H. pumila M. Pell. & C. N. Horn. Green- Parana watershed; Yellow- Uruguay watershed; Red- Southeastern Atlantic watershed; following ANA - Agencia Nacional de Aguas (2002)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/142328" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Field photos of Heteranthera pumila M. Pell. & C. N. Horn. A Bog at the Paranapanema river, Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil B Habit, showing the dense subpopulation at the muddy shore of the bog C Leaf D Detail of the apex of the stem, showing the ligule and the inflorescence E Detail of the inflorescence, showing the glandular hairs at the peduncle, base of the basal bract and cincinnus F Front view of the flower, the shape of the perianth lobes and the color of the nectar guide. Photographs A-E by M. O. O. Pellegrini, F by V. Bittrich." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/142329" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Line drawing of Heteranthera pumila M. Pell. & C. N. Horn. A Habit B Detail of the apex of the stem, showing a petiolate leaf, the ligule and a pre-anthesis 2 - flowered inflorescence C Glandular hair from the inflorescence, perianth tube and lobes D Dissected perianth lobes, showing the 5 + 1 arrangement E Lateral stamen. F Uniseriate hair from the lateral stamen G Central stamen H Eglandular hair from the central stamen I Gynoecium, showing the stigma J Eglandular hair from the style K Detail of the inconspicuously winged seed, showing the persistent funiculus with raphid crystals. Illustration by M. O. O. Pellegrini, based on the holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/142330" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. reniformis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="reniformis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. reniformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruiz &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pavón">Pavon</normalizedToken>
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due to its petiolate leaves with blades two or more times wider than long, reniform to broadly cordate, cincinnus enclosed by the basal bract, glandular-pubescent cincinnus axis, perianth lobes with a 5+1 arrangement and acute to acuminate at apex, filaments straight, and intrusive-parietal placentation. It differs due to its diminute petiolate leaves [3.5-11.8-(13.2)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.2-12.1 mm], inflorescences 1-2-(3)-flowered, peduncle densely glandular-pubescent, basal bract glandular-pubescent at base, apex aristate, flowers pale lilac to lilac or light pink, seeds smooth or with 7-9 inconspicuous longitudinal wings.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-10-10" collectorName="de Manduri, M. O. O. Pellegrini, R. F. Almeida" country="BRAZIL" latitude="-23.130556" location="rio Paranapanema" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-49.325554" municipality="Piraju" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Brazil">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo
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</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality>Piraju</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="várzea">varzea</normalizedToken>
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do
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:98FA006D01F35966971141DCF9735ED6:B5E934E927C6FF1724E2085B3D152E43" country="BRAZIL" latitude="-23.130556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-49.325554" municipality="Piraju" name="rio Paranapanema" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">rio Paranapanema</location>
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, na divisa com o
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<normalizedToken originalValue="município">municipio</normalizedToken>
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<collectorName>de Manduri</collectorName>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-23.130556">23°07'50"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-49.325554">49°19'32"W</geoCoordinate>
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, fl., fr.,
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<collectingDate value="2016-10-10">10 Oct 2016</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>M.O.O. Pellegrini</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>R.F. Almeida</collectorName>
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495 (
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: RB!; isotypes: NBYC!, SPF!,
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</materialsCitation>
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
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!).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/142329" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Field photos of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Heteranthera pumila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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M.Pell. & C.N.Horn.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
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Bog at the Paranapanema river, Piraju,
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<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo
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</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
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Habit, showing the dense subpopulation at the muddy shore of the bog
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
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Leaf
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
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Detail of the apex of the stem, showing the ligule and the inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">E</emphasis>
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Detail of the inflorescence, showing the glandular hairs at the peduncle, base of the basal bract and cincinnus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">F</emphasis>
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Front view of the flower, the shape of the perianth lobes and the color of the nectar guide. Photographs A-E by M.O.O. Pellegrini, F by V. Bittrich.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Herbs</emphasis>
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annual or short-lived perennials.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Roots</emphasis>
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thin, delicate, unbranched, white.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Stems</emphasis>
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repent on the substrate or floating in shallow water, delicate, spongy, rooting at the nodes; internodes 1.7-64.1 mm long, glabrous.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">leaves</emphasis>
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not seen.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Petiolate leaves</emphasis>
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distichously-alternate, distributed along the stem, floating to emergent; sheaths 2.8-7.5 mm long, glabrous, covered with mucilage, longitudinally split and light green when mature, ligule 2-parted, surpassing the sheath, 0.2-0.8 mm long, membranous, light green, glabrous, apex triangular; petiole 8.5-82.9 mm long, not inflated, glabrous; blades 3.5-11.8-(13.2)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.2-12.1 mm, cordate to broadly cordate to reniform, rarely narrowly cordate, membranous, glabrous, base cordate, margins glabrous, apex acute to obtuse.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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axillary or apparently terminal, reduced to a solitary pedunculate cincinnus; peduncle 0.5-3.4 cm long, deflexed and submerged in fruit, densely glandular-pubescent; basal bract (spathe) 0.9-1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4-0.8 cm, spathaceous, broadly elliptic, conduplicate, green, glandular-pubescent at base, margins hyaline, apex aristate; cincinnus bract absent; cincinnus 1-2-(3)-flowered, all flowers included in the basal bract, when present the third flower always exerted, axis 0.2-1.8 mm long, densely glandular-pubescent.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Flowers</emphasis>
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bisexual, tubular, chasmogamous, sessile, enantiostylous; floral buds narrowly ovoid, light green to lilac or pink, densely glandular-pubescent; perianth tube 4.9-7.3 mm long, light green, densely covered with glandular hairs, lobes 5 superior and 1 inferior, pale lilac to lilac or light pink, lateral superior lobes 3.6-5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.8-1.4 mm, elliptic, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, central superior lobe 3.6-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.7-2.1 mm, ovate to broadly ovate, base obtuse to rounded, slightly involute, apex acute, with a nectar guide at base, yellowish green to green with an upper vinaceous to brown spot, inferior lobe 4.2-4.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-0.8 mm, narrowly elliptic to linear elliptic, base cuneate, apex acuminate; stamens 3, lateral stamens with filaments straight, 1.6-1.8 mm long, pale lilac to light pink, not inflated, apically barbate with eglandular, multi-celled, lilac to pink hairs, anthers 0.4-0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-0.5 mm, broadly oblongoid to quadrangular, yellow, central stamen with filament straight, 2-2.3 mm long, lilac to pink, not inflated, medially sparsely villose with eglandular, white hairs, anthers 1.2-1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-0.5 mm, ellipsoid, greyish blue to greyish mauve; ovary 3.1-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.2 mm, linear ovoid, glabrous, 1-locular, placentation intrusive-parietal, style gently sigmoid, 4.2-5.1 mm long, lilac to pink, terete, densely villose in the distal portion with eglandular, white hairs, stigma unevenly trilobate, purple to pink, densely glandular-pubescent.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Capsule</emphasis>
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5.3-7.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.1-1.9 mm, linear ovoid, glabrous, smooth, light green when immature, light to medium brown when mature; persistent perianth base (anthocarp) smooth, medium to dark brown.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Seeds</emphasis>
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0.5-0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2-0.3 mm, oblongoid, light brown to yellowish brown, testa smooth, sometimes with 7-9 inconspicuous longitudinal wings; hilum punctate; embryotega dorsal, inconspicuous, without a prominent apicule.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="specimens seen">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Specimens seen</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">(paratypes). BRAZIL. Minas Gerais</emphasis>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sebastião">Sebastiao</normalizedToken>
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do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
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, Fazenda Fortaleza, fl., 20 Apr 1945, A.C. Brade & A. Barbosa 17846 (RB, SP, UNA).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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: Guaratuba, Boa Vista, fl., 28 Jan 1964, G. Hatschbach 11078 (MBM); Rio da Divisa, fl., fr., 16 Dec 1971, G. Hatschbach 28523 (MBM, UPCB).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rio Grande do Sul</emphasis>
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: Bom Jesus, Rio Socorro, fl., 19 Feb 2008, Grupo de Estudos
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Reófitas">Reofitas</normalizedToken>
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UHBG 2116 (MBM). Vacaria, vale do Rio
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ibitíria">Ibitiria</normalizedToken>
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, ca. 30 km NE de Vacaria, fl., s.dat., J.C. Lindeman et al. s.n. (ICN9466).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Santa Catarina</emphasis>
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: Lages, Santo
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
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, near Passo de Socorro, estrada de rodagem Federal km 67-71, south of Lages, fl., 14 Jan 1957, L.B. Smith & R. Reitz 9959 (HBR, RFA, US).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo
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</emphasis>
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: Americana, Praia Azul, fl., 2 Mar 1993, Faria 96/16 (UEC).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bálsamo">Balsamo</normalizedToken>
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, estrada sentido
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bálsamo-Mirassolândia">Balsamo-Mirassolandia</normalizedToken>
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, fl., 30 Jan 1997, A.D. Faria et al. 97/350 (UEC). Dracena, margem do Rio do Peixe, fl., fr., 7 Sep 1995, L.C. Bernacci et al. 2124 (IAC, SP, SPF, UEC). Estrela
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Oeste">D'Oeste</normalizedToken>
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, SP-320, lago localizado na Fazenda Santo
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
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, lado direito da pista no sentido Estrela
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Oeste-Jales">D'Oeste-Jales</normalizedToken>
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, fl., fr., 30 Jan 1997, L.Y.S. Aona et al. 97/167 (UEC). Igarapava, lagoa localizada na Fazenda Flor das Frutas, lado direito da pista no sentido Igarapava-Rifaina, na altura do km 16, fl., 15 Jan 1997, A.D. Faria et al. 97/102 (UEC). Ouro Verde, SP-563, km 113, Ponte Nova, Rio do Peixe, fl., 10 Jul 1996, A.D. Faria et al. 96/122 (UEC); loc. cit., fl., fr., 10 Jul 1996, A.D. Faria et al. 96/130 (BOTU, IAC, SP, SPF, UEC). Paulo de Faria, fl., Oct 1994, V.C. Souza et al. 12294 (ESA, IAC, UEC). Pedregulho, rodovia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
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Giolo, acesso
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<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
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Estreito, solo encharcado
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<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
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uma cachoeira, fl., fr., 14 Jan 1997, A.D. Faria et al. 97/64 (UEC). Piraju,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="várzea">varzea</normalizedToken>
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do
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ribeirão">Ribeirao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bartolomeu, fl., fr., 15 May 1996, E.L.M. Catharino et al. 2090 (PMSP).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Riolândia">Riolandia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, brejo localizado em estrada de terra no sentido
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Riolândia-Paulo">Riolandia-Paulo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Faria, fl., 29 Jan 1997, L.Y.S. Aona et al. 97/152 (UEC). Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, rodovia Anhanguera, km 239,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sítio">Sitio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Aubiri, fl., 13 Jan 1997, A.D. Faria et al. 97/20 (UEC).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
do Rio Preto, represa, fl., 25 Nov 1965, G. Marinis & E.M.P. Martins 20 (FUEL, SJRP, SP);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Experimental de Zootecnia de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
do Rio Preto, fl., 28 Dec 1977, M.A. Coleman 220 (SP).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pedro do Turvo, 8 km da estrada em
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="direção">direcao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marília">Marilia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, desvio em estrada de terra ca. 3.5 km, 49°70'W
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-22.8">22°48'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, est., 9 Dec 1994, M.C.E. Amaral & V. Bittrich 94/48 (UEC). Sud Mennucci, distrito de Bandeirantes
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Oeste">D'Oeste</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl., 4 Aug 1995, M.R. Pereira-Noronha et al. 1552 (SP). Teodoro Sampaio, margem do lago ao lado da estrada Teodoro Sampaio-Planalto, ca. Km 11.5, fl., Oct 1997, L.Y.S. Aona et al. 97/241 (UEC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The epithet means
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“small”">"small"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, making allusion to the small stature of the new species, especially its diminute leaf blades.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Distribution, habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Heteranthera pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Uruguay, and Southeastern Atlantic watersheds, in the Atlantic Forest domain. It is restricted to Brazil, in the states of Minas Gerais,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Line drawing of Heteranthera catharinensis C. N. Horn & M. Pell. A Detail of the leaf blade B Detail of the apex of the stem, showing the ligule and an inflorescence at anthesis C Detail of the basal bract, showing the spatulate-mucronate apex D Glandular hair from the cincinnus axis and floral tube E Dissected perianth lobes, showing the 5 + 1 arrangement F Lateral stamen G Uniseriate hair from the lateral stamen H Central stamen I Gynoecium, showing the glabrous style and unevenly trilobate stigma. Illustration by M. O. O. Pellegrini, based on the paratype (Smith & Reitz 9103, US)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/142327" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">2</figureCitation>
|
||
), growing on open marshy areas and slow water environments along the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Paranapanema and Rio Grande rivers (and their respective tributaries), from 700 to 1,800 meters above the sea level. It is very likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also reaches the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Nonetheless, we have been unable, so far, to find any vouchers from this state in the visited herbaria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Heteranthera pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
blooms throughout the year, with flowering peaks during the wet season, and was found in fruit from September to October and from January to March.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Heteranthera pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed across the upper
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Uruguay, and Southeastern Atlantic watersheds, with a wide EOO (ca. 318,815.754 km2) which would render this species as Least Concern. On the other hand, its AOO is considerably smaller (ca. 88.000 km2), which would render
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as Endangered. The
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Uruguay, and Southeastern Atlantic watersheds cover eight Brazilian states (Distrito Federal,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo, and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
), embedded in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado domains. Its main tributaries are the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iguaçu">Iguacu</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paranaíba">Paranaiba</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Paranapanema, Rio Grande and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tietê">Tiete</normalizedToken>
|
||
rivers. It possesses the greatest energy generation potential in Brazil, with 176 active hydropower plants, the largest being Itaipu, Furnas, Porto Primavera and Marimbondo. Nonetheless, all the major rivers are currently saturated with hydropower plants, and new projects aim to occupy the smaller tributaries, in order to fulfil the growing energy demand in the region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ANA" journalOrPublisher="Agencia Nacional de Aguas, Brasilia, Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" refId="B1" refString="ANA, 2002. Overview of hydrographic regions in Brazil. Agencia Nacional de Aguas, Brasilia, Brazil" title="Overview of hydrographic regions in Brazil" year="2002">ANA 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Almost all the known subpopulations of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coincide with areas currently flooded, and might already have gone extinct, due to the construction of the aforementioned water dams. The few extant subpopulations vary from medium to large, with many clones and mature individuals. Nonetheless, they are currently strongly threatened due to pollution, deforestation, and by ongoing and future constructions of new hydropower plants. Thus, following the IUCN recommendations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U. K." pageId="3" pageNumber="38" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B25" refString="IUCN, 2001. The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U.K., http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be considered as Critically Endangered [CR, A2acd+B1b(ii, iii, iv)+B2ab(ii, iii, iv)+C1+E].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="morphological notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Morphological notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Extensive morpho-ecological studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Horn, CN" journalOrPublisher="Michigan Botanist" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="29 - 34" refId="B16" refString="Horn, CN, 1983. The annual cycle of growth in Heteranthera dubia (Pontederiaceae) in Ohio. Michigan Botanist 23: 29 - 34" title="The annual cycle of growth in Heteranthera dubia (Pontederiaceae) in Ohio." volume="23" year="1983">Horn 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(88)90014-9" author="Horn, CN" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Botany" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="197 - 209" refId="B20" refString="Horn, CN, 1988. Developmental heterophylly in the genus Heteranthera (Pontederiaceae). Aquatic Botany 31: 197 - 209, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(88)90014-9" title="Developmental heterophylly in the genus Heteranthera (Pontederiaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(88)90014-9" volume="31" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have shown that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Heteranthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are highly polymorphic vegetatively, as an adaptation to submersion and variations in water level. The same can be observed in the new species herein described, that despite the diminute general stature, may sometimes possess extremely long petioles and peduncles.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Heteranthera pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been kept in cultivation by the senior author, and even under different environmental conditions, little change was observed in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
vegetative morphology. Nevertheless, when cultivated in aquariums with different water depths, the change in the length of petioles and peduncles could be observed in less than a week. The already existing structures elongated in order to keep the leaf blades floating and flowers emerged, and the subsequently produced petiolate leaves and inflorescences were considerably longer than the previous ones of the same individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="affinities">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Affinities.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Heteranthera pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. reniformis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="reniformis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. reniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to its petiolate leaves with blades two or more times wider than long, cordate to reniform, rarely narrowly cordate, cincinnus enclosed by the basal bract, glandular-pubescent cincinnus axis, perianth lobes with a 5+1 arrangement with acute to acuminate apex, filaments straight, lateral stamens apically barbate, central stamen basally sparsely villose, and intrusive-parietal placentation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Horn, CN" journalOrPublisher="University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="B17" refString="Horn, CN, 1985. A systematic revision of the genus Heteranthera (sensu lato; Pontederiaceae). In: PhD thesis. University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA" title="A systematic revision of the genus Heteranthera (sensu lato; Pontederiaceae)" volumeTitle="PhD thesis." year="1985">Horn 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. multiflora" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="multiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. multiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to its petiolate leaves with blades two or more times wider than long, cordate to broadly cordate to reniform, rarely narrowly cordate, perianth lobes with a 5+1 arrangement and acute to acuminate apex, and straight filaments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Horn, CN" journalOrPublisher="University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="B17" refString="Horn, CN, 1985. A systematic revision of the genus Heteranthera (sensu lato; Pontederiaceae). In: PhD thesis. University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA" title="A systematic revision of the genus Heteranthera (sensu lato; Pontederiaceae)" volumeTitle="PhD thesis." year="1985">Horn 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nonetheless, it can be easily differentiated from all remaining species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Heteranthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its petiolate leaves with diminute blades [i.e. 3.5-11.8-(13.2)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.2-12.1 mm], inflorescences 1-2-(3)-flowered, peduncle densely glandular-pubescent, basal bract basally glandular-pubescent with aristate apex, and seeds smooth or with 7-9 inconspicuous longitudinal wings (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Line drawing of Heteranthera pumila M. Pell. & C. N. Horn. A Habit B Detail of the apex of the stem, showing a petiolate leaf, the ligule and a pre-anthesis 2 - flowered inflorescence C Glandular hair from the inflorescence, perianth tube and lobes D Dissected perianth lobes, showing the 5 + 1 arrangement E Lateral stamen. F Uniseriate hair from the lateral stamen G Central stamen H Eglandular hair from the central stamen I Gynoecium, showing the stigma J Eglandular hair from the style K Detail of the inconspicuously winged seed, showing the persistent funiculus with raphid crystals. Illustration by M. O. O. Pellegrini, based on the holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/142330" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The only other species in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Heteranthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that possesses seeds not conspicuously winged is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the wings are very short, giving the seeds a striate appearance. Nevertheless, in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the testa is almost smooth, with the stripes representing only pigmentation. All the remaining species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Heteranthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess seeds with 8-19 conspicuous longitudinal wings (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Horn, CN" journalOrPublisher="University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="B17" refString="Horn, CN, 1985. A systematic revision of the genus Heteranthera (sensu lato; Pontederiaceae). In: PhD thesis. University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA" title="A systematic revision of the genus Heteranthera (sensu lato; Pontederiaceae)" volumeTitle="PhD thesis." year="1985">Horn 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters differentiating the South American species of Heteranthera reniformis species complex. States in bold represent unique or distinguishing characteristics for that species. * Populations of H. multiflora in Argentina and Paraguay have a much more elongate cincinnus with only a few flowers within the basal bract (spathe). ** In North America, H. multiflora has smaller perianth tube lengths." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9212CD514F42AA4F30DBE85A5AFB00E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="9212CD514F42AA4F30DBE85A5AFB00E8">1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/142330" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Line drawing of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera pumila" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Heteranthera pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
M.Pell. & C.N.Horn.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
|
||
Habit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the apex of the stem, showing a petiolate leaf, the ligule and a pre-anthesis 2-flowered inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
|
||
Glandular hair from the inflorescence, perianth tube and lobes
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
|
||
Dissected perianth lobes, showing the 5+1 arrangement
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">E</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral stamen.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">F</emphasis>
|
||
Uniseriate hair from the lateral stamen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">G</emphasis>
|
||
Central stamen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H</emphasis>
|
||
Eglandular hair from the central stamen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">I</emphasis>
|
||
Gynoecium, showing the stigma
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">J</emphasis>
|
||
Eglandular hair from the style
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">K</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the inconspicuously winged seed, showing the persistent funiculus with raphid crystals. Illustration by M.O.O. Pellegrini, based on the holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |