treatments-xml/data/98/D0/F6/98D0F6EEEA275C619A1976796965B4D0.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.71.35754" ID-GBIF-Dataset="346fb69c-b709-424b-a02b-ad822e51660f" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-71-225" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6024855E8D555AA79B16F1411AB2F54D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3401814" ID-ZooBank="CCAA9BDDC4F74986A7887741361E71C5" ModsDocID="1314-2607-71-225" checkinTime="1567189237345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ferreira, Wellington D., Hermes, Marcel G., Garcete-Barrett, Bolivar R. &amp; Carpenter, James M." docDate="2019" docId="98D0F6EEEA275C619A1976796965B4D0" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 71: 225-240" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 71" docPubDate="2019-08-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.71.35754" docTitle="Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="73F75F9A-9304-437D-A8F6-957E2A33BF33" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="6024855E8D555AA79B16F1411AB2F54D" lastPageNumber="234" masterDocId="6024855E8D555AA79B16F1411AB2F54D" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika (Vespidae, Eumeninae), with an updated catalog for the genus" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="225" pageNumber="227" updateTime="1678753147878" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Two new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika (Vespidae, Eumeninae), with an updated catalog for the genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ferreira, Wellington D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-5547</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Sistematica e Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200 - 000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wellingtondonizet@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hermes, Marcel G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Sistematica e Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200 - 000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Garcete-Barrett, Bolivar R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-8749</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, Km 10 y 1 / 2, Sucursal 1 Campus UNA, 2169 CDP, Central XI, San Lorenzo, Paraguay &amp; Departamento de Biologia c / o Direccion de Investigacion, FaCEN, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Casilla de Correo 1039, Campus U. N. A., 2160 CDP, Central XI, San Lorenzo, Paraguay</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6754-8028</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79 th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2019-08-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number>71</mods:number>
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<mods:start>225</mods:start>
<mods:end>240</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.71.35754</mods:url>
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<subSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="taxonomy">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159326530" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:73F75F9A-9304-437D-A8F6-957E2A33BF33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/98D0F6EEEA275C619A1976796965B4D0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/73F75F9A-9304-437D-A8F6-957E2A33BF33" authority="Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira" authorityName="Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma cambrai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai" status="sp. nov.">Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="227">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, holotype female 7 T 2 with an evident punctuation, dorsal view. Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 8 habitus 9 head, frontal view 10 head, lateral view, arrow pointing to the curved clypeus apex 11 pronotum, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the well-developed dorsally pronotal carina 12 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (8); 0.5 mm (7, 9 - 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328723" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="228" start="start">Figs</pageBreakToken>
8-12
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. Representatives of Pirhosigma species 13 - 15 Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 13 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apex with a pre-apical fossa well-developed 14 T 1 and S 2, lateral view, arrow pointing to the S 2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation 15 T 2, dorsal view 16 Pirhosigma mearimense (Zavattari), female head, frontal view 17 Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira &amp; Hermes, holotype male head, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (13 - 17)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures13-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328724" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">, 13-15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="228" start="start">Comments</pageBreakToken>
and diagnosis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cambrai" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is quite similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mearimense" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" rank="species" species="mearimense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">P. mearimense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Zavattari) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sulcata" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">P. sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ferreira &amp; Hermes, sharing with them the S2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. Representatives of Pirhosigma species 13 - 15 Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 13 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apex with a pre-apical fossa well-developed 14 T 1 and S 2, lateral view, arrow pointing to the S 2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation 15 T 2, dorsal view 16 Pirhosigma mearimense (Zavattari), female head, frontal view 17 Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira &amp; Hermes, holotype male head, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (13 - 17)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures13-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328724" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
); T1 distinctly filiform with basal region of greater length than the apical portion (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, holotype female 7 T 2 with an evident punctuation, dorsal view. Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 8 habitus 9 head, frontal view 10 head, lateral view, arrow pointing to the curved clypeus apex 11 pronotum, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the well-developed dorsally pronotal carina 12 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (8); 0.5 mm (7, 9 - 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328723" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Figs 12</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. Representatives of Pirhosigma species 13 - 15 Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 13 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apex with a pre-apical fossa well-developed 14 T 1 and S 2, lateral view, arrow pointing to the S 2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation 15 T 2, dorsal view 16 Pirhosigma mearimense (Zavattari), female head, frontal view 17 Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira &amp; Hermes, holotype male head, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (13 - 17)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures13-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328724" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">13</figureCitation>
); T2 wider than long (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. Representatives of Pirhosigma species 13 - 15 Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 13 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apex with a pre-apical fossa well-developed 14 T 1 and S 2, lateral view, arrow pointing to the S 2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation 15 T 2, dorsal view 16 Pirhosigma mearimense (Zavattari), female head, frontal view 17 Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira &amp; Hermes, holotype male head, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (13 - 17)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures13-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328724" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); pronotal carina well developed dorsally (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, holotype female 7 T 2 with an evident punctuation, dorsal view. Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 8 habitus 9 head, frontal view 10 head, lateral view, arrow pointing to the curved clypeus apex 11 pronotum, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the well-developed dorsally pronotal carina 12 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (8); 0.5 mm (7, 9 - 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328723" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); and a black body color, with few yellow marks (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, holotype female 7 T 2 with an evident punctuation, dorsal view. Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 8 habitus 9 head, frontal view 10 head, lateral view, arrow pointing to the curved clypeus apex 11 pronotum, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the well-developed dorsally pronotal carina 12 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (8); 0.5 mm (7, 9 - 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328723" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma cambrai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Pirhosigma cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mearimense" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" rank="species" species="mearimense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">P. mearimense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sulcata" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">P. sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="229" start="start">Ferreira</pageBreakToken>
&amp; Hermes by the presence of a short, wider than long clypeus (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, holotype female 7 T 2 with an evident punctuation, dorsal view. Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 8 habitus 9 head, frontal view 10 head, lateral view, arrow pointing to the curved clypeus apex 11 pronotum, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the well-developed dorsally pronotal carina 12 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (8); 0.5 mm (7, 9 - 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328723" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), curved backwards (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, holotype female 7 T 2 with an evident punctuation, dorsal view. Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 8 habitus 9 head, frontal view 10 head, lateral view, arrow pointing to the curved clypeus apex 11 pronotum, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the well-developed dorsally pronotal carina 12 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (8); 0.5 mm (7, 9 - 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328723" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3488112" doi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures13-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328724" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" start="Figures 13–17" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Figures 13-17.</emphasis>
Representatives of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Pirhosigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">13-15</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma cambrai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Pirhosigma cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">13</emphasis>
T1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apex with a pre-apical fossa well-developed 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">14</emphasis>
T1 and S2, lateral view, arrow pointing to the S2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">15</emphasis>
T2, dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">16</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zavattari" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma mearimense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mearimense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Pirhosigma mearimense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Zavattari), female head, frontal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">17</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma sulcata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Pirhosigma sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ferreira &amp; Hermes, holotype male head, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">13-17</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Holotype female</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Body length (from head to apex of T1): 5.10 mm; Forewing length (from mid tegula to apex): 6.50 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="color">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Color.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Body with predominantly blackish tegument. Yellow marks as follows: stripes on inner margin of compound eyes; upper surface of the gena; narrow range in the antero-dorsal region of pronotum; narrow bands in the distal portions of the T1-T6 and S2-S6. S1 brownish. Antennae brownish. Yellow-brownish legs. Brownish wings.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="structure">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Structure.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Labrum rounded, narrow. Clypeus broader than long, apically curved backwards and with short, concave and emarginated apex; small and ecarinate apical teeth present, with small distance between each other. Interantennal region without cariniform elevation. Pronotal carina well developed dorsally, gently and roundly recurved in the humeral region. Lateral surface of pronotum narrow, with the distance between pronotal fovea and the mesepisternum smaller than the size of the fovea itself. Pretegular carina absent. Parategulae pointed. Sulcus between scutellum and metanotum obsolete. T1 distinctly filiform with basal region of greater length than the apical portion; two lateral longitudinal carina present; preapical fossa present. T2 wider than long, outlined as a half oval in dorsal view; well-developed apical lamella. S2 without basal slope followed by an elevation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="sculpture">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Sculpture.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Clypeus without evident punctation. Frons and vertex with evident and abundant punctures, with distance between them approximately smaller than the size of a puncture; micro-punctation evident. Pronotum, upper portion of the mesepisternum, mesoscutum, scutelum, metanotum and propodeum with deep and abundant punctures, with distance between punctures smaller than the size of a puncture. Lower portion of the mesepisternum with shallow and sparse punctures, distance between them approximately greater than the size of a puncture. T1 unpunctate. T2 with micro-punctation evident.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="pilosity">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Pilosity.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Fine whitish pubescence covering the entire body. Whitish bristles covering the head, concentrated in the clypeus. Brownish, short and thin bristles on mesosoma. Brownish and long bristles on T1-T6 and S2-S6.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="male">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Holotype: PERU • 1 ♀; Madre de Dios, Manu Reserve, Pakitza Station; 1-2 Mar. 1992; R. Cambra leg. (MIUP).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Madre de Dios: Manu Reserve, Pakitza Station; Peru.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">This species is dedicated to the Panamanian entomologist Roberto Cambra.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
The holotype of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cambrai" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (female, MIUP) was compared with the holotypes of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mearimense" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="mearimense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">P. mearimense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Zavattari) (male, MSNG) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sulcata" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">P. sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ferreira &amp; Hermes (male, INPA). Additional material of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mearimense" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="mearimense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">P. mearimense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two males and two females, were also analyzed (MSNVE). Unfortunately, the female of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sulcata" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">P. sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains unknown, but by the uniformity of the clypeus between the sexes of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Pirhosigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we consider the comparison of this structure valid for the distinction between the species 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sulcata" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">P. sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mearimense" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="mearimense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">P. mearimense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cambrai" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="230" start="start">Additional</pageBreakToken>
examined material.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zavattari" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma mearimense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mearimense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Pirhosigma mearimense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Zavattari): Holotype: BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Miarim; Gribodo leg. (MSNG). SURINAME • 1 ♂; Republiek; 6 May. 1963; J. v. d. Vecht leg. (MSNVE). 1 ♀; Republiek; 24 Sep. 1963; D. C. Geyskes leg. (MSNVE) PERU • 1 ♂; El Campamiente, Colonia Perene; 21 Jun. 1920; Giordani Soika leg. (MSNVE). BOLIVIA • 1 ♀; Buenavista, Dep. Sta Cruz; alt. 450 m. (MSNVE). 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma sulcata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Pirhosigma sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ferreira &amp; Hermes: Holotype: BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Amazonas, KM31 AM-010, CEPLAC; 18 Jun. 1976; Joselita M. Santos leg. (INPA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="230" type="updated key to the species of pirhosigma, adapted from ferreira et al. (2017)">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
Updated key to the species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Pirhosigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adapted from 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
The species 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. abregoi" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rank="species" species="abregoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">P. abregoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily differentiated from all other species in the key of 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
, since it is the only species that does not present a preapical fossa in T1 - compare 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, holotype female 1 habitus 2 head, frontal view 3 pronotum, frontal view, arrow pointing to the pronotal carina in the shape of an inverted &quot; V &quot; 4 pronotum, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed lateral lamella in the pronotal carina 5 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apical portion without a well-developed preapical fossa 6 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (1); 0.5 mm (2 - 6)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328722" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. abregoi" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rank="species" species="abregoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">P. abregoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, without a preapical fossa on T1; and 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. Representatives of Pirhosigma species 13 - 15 Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 13 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apex with a pre-apical fossa well-developed 14 T 1 and S 2, lateral view, arrow pointing to the S 2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation 15 T 2, dorsal view 16 Pirhosigma mearimense (Zavattari), female head, frontal view 17 Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira &amp; Hermes, holotype male head, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (13 - 17)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures13-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328724" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cambrai" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a preapical fossa on T1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<table inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">1'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
Preapical fossa on T1 absent (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, holotype female 1 habitus 2 head, frontal view 3 pronotum, frontal view, arrow pointing to the pronotal carina in the shape of an inverted &quot; V &quot; 4 pronotum, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed lateral lamella in the pronotal carina 5 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apical portion without a well-developed preapical fossa 6 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (1); 0.5 mm (2 - 6)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328722" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. abregoi" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rank="species" species="abregoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">P. abregoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
Preapical fossa on T1 present (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. Representatives of Pirhosigma species 13 - 15 Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 13 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apex with a pre-apical fossa well-developed 14 T 1 and S 2, lateral view, arrow pointing to the S 2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation 15 T 2, dorsal view 16 Pirhosigma mearimense (Zavattari), female head, frontal view 17 Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira &amp; Hermes, holotype male head, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (13 - 17)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures13-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328724" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
(couplet 1 in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
The species 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cambrai" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
runs to couplet 6 of 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
, which is modified as follows:
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<table inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
Pronotal carina well developed dorsally (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, holotype female 7 T 2 with an evident punctuation, dorsal view. Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 8 habitus 9 head, frontal view 10 head, lateral view, arrow pointing to the curved clypeus apex 11 pronotum, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the well-developed dorsally pronotal carina 12 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (8); 0.5 mm (7, 9 - 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328723" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); black, with a few yellow spots (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, holotype female 7 T 2 with an evident punctuation, dorsal view. Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 8 habitus 9 head, frontal view 10 head, lateral view, arrow pointing to the curved clypeus apex 11 pronotum, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the well-developed dorsally pronotal carina 12 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (8); 0.5 mm (7, 9 - 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328723" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">6</emphasis>
'
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">Pronotal carina not evident dorsally; yellowish with black marks and bands</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">8</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">6'</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
Short clypeus, wider than long (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett &amp; Hermes, holotype female 7 T 2 with an evident punctuation, dorsal view. Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 8 habitus 9 head, frontal view 10 head, lateral view, arrow pointing to the curved clypeus apex 11 pronotum, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the well-developed dorsally pronotal carina 12 T 1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (8); 0.5 mm (7, 9 - 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328723" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cambrai" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
Clypeus longer than wide or almost as long as wide (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. Representatives of Pirhosigma species 13 - 15 Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 13 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apex with a pre-apical fossa well-developed 14 T 1 and S 2, lateral view, arrow pointing to the S 2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation 15 T 2, dorsal view 16 Pirhosigma mearimense (Zavattari), female head, frontal view 17 Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira &amp; Hermes, holotype male head, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (13 - 17)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures13-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328724" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Figs 16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. Representatives of Pirhosigma species 13 - 15 Pirhosigma cambrai Garcete-Barrett &amp; Ferreira, holotype female 13 T 1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apex with a pre-apical fossa well-developed 14 T 1 and S 2, lateral view, arrow pointing to the S 2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation 15 T 2, dorsal view 16 Pirhosigma mearimense (Zavattari), female head, frontal view 17 Pirhosigma sulcata Ferreira &amp; Hermes, holotype male head, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (13 - 17)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.71.35754.figures13-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/328724" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">17</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">7</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">Male with a well-marked groove between the metanotum and the scutellum [female unknown]</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sulcata" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">P. sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ferreira &amp; Hermes
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">Male without a well-marked groove between the metanotum and the scutellum</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mearimense" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" rank="species" species="mearimense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">P. mearimense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Zavattari)
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" type="a catalog of the genus pirhosigma giordani soika (only taxonomic and nomenclatural procedures are indicated where they apply)">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
A Catalog of the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Pirhosigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Giordani Soika (only taxonomic and nomenclatural procedures are indicated where they apply)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Pirhosigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Giordani Soika, 1978: 11, 229.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
Type species: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zavattari" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes simulans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Eumenes simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de Saussure, 1875, by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" genus="Tricomenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricomenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Tricomenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Giordani Soika, 1978: 10, 254.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
Type species: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes pilosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Eumenes pilosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fox, 1899, by original designation and monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Pirhosigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="7 - 420" refId="B21" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1978. Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 29: 7 - 420" title="Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini." volume="29" year="1978">Giordani Soika 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 10, 230-231. 
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="211 - 241" refId="B11" refString="Carpenter, JM, van der Vecht, J, 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of Carnegie Museum 60: 211 - 241" title="A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications." volume="60" year="1991">Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 230 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" genus="Tricomenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricomenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Tricomenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rejected, acting as first reviser).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma aenigmaticum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenigmaticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="231" start="start">Pirhosigma</pageBreakToken>
aenigmaticum
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Giordani Soika, 1978
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zavattari" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes simulans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Eumenes simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" author="Zavattari, E" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Universita di Torino" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B41" refString="Zavattari, E, 1906. Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nel Darien, nell'Ecuador e regioni vicine. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Universita di Torino 21: 1 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" title="Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nel Darien, nell'Ecuador e regioni vicine." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" volume="21" year="1906">Zavattari 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 19; 
<bibRefCitation author="Zavattari, E" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" refId="B43" refString="Zavattari, E, 1912. Materialien fuer eine monographie der neotropischen Eumeniden. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 78A: 1-272." title="Materialien fuer eine monographie der neotropischen Eumeniden. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 78 A: 1 - 272." year="1912">Zavattari 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 118. Misidentification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma aenigmaticum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenigmaticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Pirhosigma aenigmaticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Giordani Soika, 1978: 231, 250.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
Type Data: Holotype female 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">RMNH</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Type Locality: Valle Anchicaya, Cali, Colombia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma aenigmaticum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenigmaticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Pirhosigma aenigmaticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="211 - 241" refId="B11" refString="Carpenter, JM, van der Vecht, J, 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of Carnegie Museum 60: 211 - 241" title="A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications." volume="60" year="1991">Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 229 (probable synonym of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. simulans" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">P. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(de Saussure)). 
<bibRefCitation author="West-Eberhard, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Oxford Science Publications / The Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" refId="B40" refString="West-Eberhard, MJ, Carpenter, JM, Hanson, P, 1995. The vespid wasps (Vespidae) In: P. Hanson P, Gauld I (Eds). The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford Science Publications/The Natural History Museum, London" title="The vespid wasps (Vespidae) In: P. Hanson P, Gauld I (Eds). The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica." year="1995">West-Eberhard et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 574. 
<bibRefCitation author="Rodriguez-Palafox, A" editor="Llorente-Bousquets, J" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="1 - 660" refId="B37" refString="Rodriguez-Palafox, A, 1996. Vespidae (Hymenoptera). In: Llorente-Bousquets, J, Aldrete, ANG, Soriano, EG, Eds., Biodiversidad, Taxonomia y Biogeografia de Artropodos de Mexico: hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia: 1 - 660" title="Vespidae (Hymenoptera)." volumeTitle="Biodiversidad, Taxonomia y Biogeografia de Artropodos de Mexico: hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento." year="1996">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez-Palafox">Rodriguez-Palafox</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 480. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 277.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fox" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma deforme" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deforme">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Pirhosigma deforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fox, 1899)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes deforma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deforma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Eumenes deforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fox, 1899: 453, 461.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
Type Data: Lectotype female 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">CMNH</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
Type Locality: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Corumbá">Corumba</normalizedToken>
, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes deforma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deforma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Eumenes deforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Dalla Torre, KW" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B14" refString="Dalla Torre, KW, 1904. Vespidae. Genera Insectorum 19: 1 - 108" title="Vespidae." volume="19" year="1904">Dalla Torre 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 22. 
<bibRefCitation author="Brethes, J" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" pagination="311 - 377" refId="B7" refString="Brethes, J, 1906. Vespidos y Eumenididos Sudamericanos. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires 3: 311 - 377" title="Vespidos y Eumenididos Sudamericanos." volume="3" year="1906">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brèthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
1906
</bibRefCitation>
: 335. 
<bibRefCitation author="Bertoni, AW" journalOrPublisher="Anales Cientificos Paraguayos" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" pagination="203 - 208" refId="B4" refString="Bertoni, AW, 1918. Catalogo de los Vespidos sociales y solitarios del Paraguay. Anales Cientificos Paraguayos 2: 203 - 208" title="Catalogo de los Vespidos sociales y solitarios del Paraguay." volume="2" year="1918">Bertoni 1918</bibRefCitation>
: 206. 
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="211 - 241" refId="B11" refString="Carpenter, JM, van der Vecht, J, 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of Carnegie Museum 60: 211 - 241" title="A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications." volume="60" year="1991">Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 229 (designation of lectotype).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes deformata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deformata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Eumenes deformata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[!] 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berton" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes barberoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barberoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Eumenes barberoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bertoni, 1926: 76.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
Type Data: Lectotype female by present designation (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">MNHNPY</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Type Locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes deformata subsp. barberoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="deformata" subSpecies="barberoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Eumenes deformata barberoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Bertoni, AW" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" pagination="109 - 122" refId="B6" refString="Bertoni, AW, 1934. Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay 3: 109 - 122" title="Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos." volume="3" year="1934">Bertoni 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 112, 118.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fox" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma deforme" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deforme">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Pirhosigma deforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="7 - 420" refId="B21" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1978. Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 29: 7 - 420" title="Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini." volume="29" year="1978">Giordani Soika 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 230, 231. 
<bibRefCitation author="Hermes, MG" journalOrPublisher="Caderno de Pesquisa Serie Biologia" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="65 - 115" refId="B24" refString="Hermes, MG, Koehler, A, 2004. Chave ilustrada para as especies de Vespidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) ocorrentes no Cinturao Verde de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil. Caderno de Pesquisa Serie Biologia 16: 65 - 115" title="Chave ilustrada para as especies de Vespidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) ocorrentes no Cinturao Verde de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil." volume="16" year="2004">
Hermes and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 74, 86. 
<bibRefCitation author="Somavilla, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biociencias" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="257 - 263" refId="B39" refString="Somavilla, A, Koehler, A, Hermes, MG, 2010. Contribuicao aos estudos dos Vespidae ocorrentes no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Revista Brasileira de Biociencias 8: 257 - 263" title="Contribuicao aos estudos dos Vespidae ocorrentes no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Insecta, Hymenoptera)." volume="8" year="2010">Somavilla et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 260. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000044" author="Hermes, MG" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="433 - 436" refId="B26" refString="Hermes, MG, Somavilla, A, Garcete-Barrett, BR, 2013. On the nesting biology of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with special reference to the use of vegetable matter. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57: 433 - 436, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000044" title="On the nesting biology of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with special reference to the use of vegetable matter." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000044" volume="57" year="2013">Hermes et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 434. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12059" author="Hermes, MG" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="453 - 484" refId="B25" refString="Hermes, MG, Melo, GAR, Carpenter, JM, 2014. The higher-level phylogenetic relationships of the Eumeninae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae), with emphasis on Eumenes sensu lato. Cladistics 30: 453 - 484, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12059" title="The higher-level phylogenetic relationships of the Eumeninae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae), with emphasis on Eumenes sensu lato." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12059" volume="30" year="2014">Hermes et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 456, 470, 471, 475. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 276.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Distribution: Brazil, Paraguay.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Remarks</emphasis>
. In the original description (Bertoni, 1926) of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes deformata subsp. barberoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="deformata" subSpecies="barberoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Eumenes deformata barberoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the author did not mention how many specimens were part of the type series nor the locality where they were collected. Furthermore, Bertoni labelled seven specimens as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes deformata subsp. paranensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="deformata" subSpecies="paranensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Eumenes deformata paranensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(unpublished subspecific name), and the name 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berton" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes barberoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barberoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Eumenes barberoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was never attached to any specimen whatsoever. The lack of a locality, in this case, poses no issue, since all individuals bear a label with the locality &quot;Puerto Bertoni&quot;, where the author lived for many years and collected many of his specimens. Also, the only subspecific name proposed by Bertoni under the specific name 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes deformata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deformata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Eumenes deformata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is indeed 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berton" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes barberoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barberoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">Eumenes barberoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which leaves no doubt about the members of the type series. Finally, the description matches these specimens, and one well-preserved female was chosen as the lectotype and labelled accordingly; the remainder of the specimens (two males and four females) are to be treated as paralectotypes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="6" pageNumber="231">
Here we have the opportunity to correct the date of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bertoni’s">Bertoni's</normalizedToken>
paper 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Hymenópteros">&quot;Hymenopteros</normalizedToken>
nuevos o poco conocidos&quot;. Though considered as published in December of 1925, as suggested in the heading of its cover, issue 2(1) of the &quot;Revista de la Sociedad 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Científica">Cientifica</normalizedToken>
del Paraguay&quot;, was actually printed in 1926, as indicated in the foot of the very same cover. This paper contains the original descriptions of the species-level names 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zetamenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="ssp." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zetamenes rufomaculata subsp. meridionalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufomaculata" subSpecies="meridionalis">Zetamenes rufomaculata ssp. meridionalis</taxonomicName>
Bertoni, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zetamenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zetamenes filiformis subsp. var. var. costarricensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="filiformis" subSpecies="var." variety="costarricensis">Zetamenes filiformis var. costarricensis</taxonomicName>
Bertoni, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Discoelius" infraspecific-rank="ssp." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discoelius strigosus subsp. costarricensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="strigosus" subSpecies="costarricensis">Discoelius strigosus ssp. costarricensis</taxonomicName>
Bertoni, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pachymenes" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachymenes atra subsp. var. var. ornatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="atra" subSpecies="var." variety="ornatissima">Pachymenes atra var. ornatissima</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="232" start="start">Bertoni</pageBreakToken>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes deformata subsp. barberoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="deformata" subSpecies="barberoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Eumenes deformata barberoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bertoni, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Amphimenes" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphimenes totonacus subsp. var. var. manateci" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="totonacus" subSpecies="var." variety="manateci">Amphimenes totonacus var. manateci</taxonomicName>
Bertoni, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berton" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Monobia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monobia paraguayensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Monobia paraguayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bertoni, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Odynerus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odynerus migonei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="migonei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Odynerus migonei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bertoni and the generic name 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertoni" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protozethus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protozethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Protozethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bertoni.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma limpidum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limpidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Pirhosigma limpidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Giordani Soika, 1978
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma limpidum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limpidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Pirhosigma limpidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Giordani Soika, 1978: 230, 240.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
Type Data: Holotype female 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">MSNVE</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
Type Locality: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo, Brazil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma limpidum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limpidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Pirhosigma limpidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000044" author="Hermes, MG" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="433 - 436" refId="B26" refString="Hermes, MG, Somavilla, A, Garcete-Barrett, BR, 2013. On the nesting biology of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with special reference to the use of vegetable matter. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57: 433 - 436, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000044" title="On the nesting biology of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with special reference to the use of vegetable matter." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000044" volume="57" year="2013">Hermes et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 434. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12059" author="Hermes, MG" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="453 - 484" refId="B25" refString="Hermes, MG, Melo, GAR, Carpenter, JM, 2014. The higher-level phylogenetic relationships of the Eumeninae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae), with emphasis on Eumenes sensu lato. Cladistics 30: 453 - 484, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12059" title="The higher-level phylogenetic relationships of the Eumeninae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae), with emphasis on Eumenes sensu lato." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12059" volume="30" year="2014">Hermes et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 472. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 272, 277.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Distribution: Brazil.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zavattari" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma mearimense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mearimense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Pirhosigma mearimense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Zavattari, 1912)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes mearimensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mearimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Eumenes mearimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zavattari, 1912: 101.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
Type Data: Holotype male 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">MSNG</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
Type Locality: Vitoria do Mearim, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
, Brazil (
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3929.1.1" author="Penati, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="1 - 183" refId="B33" refString="Penati, F, Mariotti, A, 2015. Catalog of Hymenoptera described by Giovanni Gribodo (1846-1924) (Insecta). Zootaxa 3929: 1 - 183, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3929.1.1" title="Catalog of Hymenoptera described by Giovanni Gribodo (1846 - 1924) (Insecta)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3929.1.1" volume="3929" year="2015">Penati and Mariotti 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zavattari" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma mearimense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mearimense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Pirhosigma mearimense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="7 - 420" refId="B21" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1978. Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 29: 7 - 420" title="Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini." volume="29" year="1978">Giordani Soika 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 231, 243. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3981.1.6" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="117 - 124" refId="B17" refString="Ferreira, WD, Grandinete, YC, Lopes, RB, Hermes, MG, 2015. A new contribution to the knowledge of Neotropical Eumeninae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Zootaxa 3981: 117 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3981.1.6" title="A new contribution to the knowledge of Neotropical Eumeninae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3981.1.6" volume="3981" year="2015">Ferreira et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 118, 119. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 277.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName authority="mearimense" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma mearimense subsp. mearimense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mearimense" subSpecies="mearimense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Pirhosigma mearimense mearimense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.519.6501" author="Santos, EF" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="33 - 48" refId="B38" refString="Santos, EF, Grandinete, YC, Noll, FB, 2015. Additions to the checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru, with notes on the endemic status of some species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Zookeys 519: 33 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.519.6501" title="Additions to the checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru, with notes on the endemic status of some species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.519.6501" volume="519" year="2015">Santos et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 41.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma mearimense subsp. putumayense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mearimense" subSpecies="putumayense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Pirhosigma mearimense putumayense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Giordani Soika, 1978: 245. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">New status</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
Type Data: Holotype female 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">CUIC</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Type Locality: Putumayo, Peru.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma mearimense subsp. putumayense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mearimense" subSpecies="putumayense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Pirhosigma mearimense putumayense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Rasmussen &amp; Asenjo, 2009: 42.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Distribution: Suriname, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Remarks.</emphasis>
It is widely acknowledged by the vespid experts that Antonio Giordani Soika was very fond of proposing subspecies based solely on coloration (see 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/1987/82829" author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="253 - 259" refId="B10" refString="Carpenter, JM, 1987. A review of the subspecies concept in the eumenine genus Zeta (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Psyche 94: 253 - 259, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/1987/82829" title="A review of the subspecies concept in the eumenine genus Zeta (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/1987/82829" volume="94" year="1987">Carpenter (1987)</bibRefCitation>
for a good example). We hereby treat 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mearimense subsp. putumayense" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" rank="subSpecies" species="mearimense" subSpecies="putumayense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">P. mearimense putumayense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a mere color variation of the typical form.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma pilosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Pirhosigma pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fox, 1899)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes pilosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Eumenes pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fox, 1899: 454, 461.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
Type Data: Lectotype female 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">CMNH</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
Type Locality: Chapada dos 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
, Mato Grosso, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.433333">15°26'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.75">55°45'W</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Papavero, N" journalOrPublisher="Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" refId="B32" refString="Papavero, N, 1973. Essays on the history of Neotropical dipteroloy, with special reference to collectors (1750-1905), II. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo" title="Essays on the history of Neotropical dipteroloy, with special reference to collectors (1750 - 1905), II." year="1973">Papavero 1973</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="211 - 241" refId="B11" refString="Carpenter, JM, van der Vecht, J, 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of Carnegie Museum 60: 211 - 241" title="A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications." volume="60" year="1991">Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes pilosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Eumenes pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Dalla Torre, KW" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B14" refString="Dalla Torre, KW, 1904. Vespidae. Genera Insectorum 19: 1 - 108" title="Vespidae." volume="19" year="1904">Dalla Torre 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 24. 
<bibRefCitation author="Bertoni, AW" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" pagination="109 - 122" refId="B6" refString="Bertoni, AW, 1934. Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay 3: 109 - 122" title="Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos." volume="3" year="1934">Bertoni 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 112, 117.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Tricomenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricomenes pilosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Tricomenes pilosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="7 - 420" refId="B21" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1978. Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 29: 7 - 420" title="Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini." volume="29" year="1978">Giordani Soika 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 254 (inadvertent designation of lectotype).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma pilosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Pirhosigma pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="211 - 241" refId="B11" refString="Carpenter, JM, van der Vecht, J, 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of Carnegie Museum 60: 211 - 241" title="A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications." volume="60" year="1991">Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 230. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 277.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Distribution: Ecuador, Brazil.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma simulans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Pirhosigma simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(de Saussure, 1875)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zavattari" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes simulans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Eumenes simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de Saussure, 1875: 91.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
Type Data: Lectotype female 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">MHNG</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="233" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
Locality: Orizaba, Mexico.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zeteumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeteumenes simulans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Zeteumenes simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Bertoni, AW" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" pagination="109 - 122" refId="B6" refString="Bertoni, AW, 1934. Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay 3: 109 - 122" title="Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos." volume="3" year="1934">Bertoni 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 110.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma simulans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Pirhosigma simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="7 - 420" refId="B21" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1978. Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 29: 7 - 420" title="Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini." volume="29" year="1978">Giordani Soika 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 231, 247. 
<bibRefCitation author="Rodriguez-Palafox, A" editor="Llorente-Bousquets, J" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="1 - 660" refId="B37" refString="Rodriguez-Palafox, A, 1996. Vespidae (Hymenoptera). In: Llorente-Bousquets, J, Aldrete, ANG, Soriano, EG, Eds., Biodiversidad, Taxonomia y Biogeografia de Artropodos de Mexico: hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia: 1 - 660" title="Vespidae (Hymenoptera)." volumeTitle="Biodiversidad, Taxonomia y Biogeografia de Artropodos de Mexico: hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento." year="1996">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez-Palafox">Rodriguez-Palafox</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 480. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 277.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Distribution: Mexico.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma sulcata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Pirhosigma sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ferreira &amp; Hermes, 2015
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma sulcata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Pirhosigma sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3981.1.6" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="117 - 124" refId="B17" refString="Ferreira, WD, Grandinete, YC, Lopes, RB, Hermes, MG, 2015. A new contribution to the knowledge of Neotropical Eumeninae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Zootaxa 3981: 117 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3981.1.6" title="A new contribution to the knowledge of Neotropical Eumeninae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3981.1.6" volume="3981" year="2015">Ferreira et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 118.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
Type Data: Holotype male 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">INPA</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Type Locality: Km 31 AM-010, Ceplac, Amazonas, Brazil.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma sulcata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Pirhosigma sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 277.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Distribution: Brazil.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fox" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma superficiale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superficiale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Pirhosigma superficiale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fox, 1899)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes superficialis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superficialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Eumenes superficialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fox, 1899: 441, 460.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
Type Data: Lectotype female 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">CMNH</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
Type Locality: Chapada dos 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
, Mato Grosso, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.433333">15°26'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.75">55°45'W</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Papavero, N" journalOrPublisher="Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" refId="B32" refString="Papavero, N, 1973. Essays on the history of Neotropical dipteroloy, with special reference to collectors (1750-1905), II. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo" title="Essays on the history of Neotropical dipteroloy, with special reference to collectors (1750 - 1905), II." year="1973">Papavero 1973</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="211 - 241" refId="B11" refString="Carpenter, JM, van der Vecht, J, 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of Carnegie Museum 60: 211 - 241" title="A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications." volume="60" year="1991">Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes superficialis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superficialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Eumenes superficialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Dalla Torre, KW" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B14" refString="Dalla Torre, KW, 1904. Vespidae. Genera Insectorum 19: 1 - 108" title="Vespidae." volume="19" year="1904">Dalla Torre 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 25. 
<bibRefCitation author="Brethes, J" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" pagination="311 - 377" refId="B7" refString="Brethes, J, 1906. Vespidos y Eumenididos Sudamericanos. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires 3: 311 - 377" title="Vespidos y Eumenididos Sudamericanos." volume="3" year="1906">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brèthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
1906
</bibRefCitation>
: 335. 
<bibRefCitation author="Bertoni, AW" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" pagination="97 - 146" refId="B3" refString="Bertoni, AW, 1911. Contribucion a la biologia de las avispas y abejas del Paraguay (Hymenoptera). Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 22: 97 - 146" title="Contribucion a la biologia de las avispas y abejas del Paraguay (Hymenoptera)." volume="22" year="1911">Bertoni 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 106. 
<bibRefCitation author="Zavattari, E" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" pagination="39 - 58" refId="B42" refString="Zavattari, E, 1911. Beitraege zur kenntnis der Hymenopterenfauna von Paraguay VIII. Eumeneidae. Zoologische Jahrbuecher 31: 39 - 58" title="Beitraege zur kenntnis der Hymenopterenfauna von Paraguay VIII. Eumeneidae." volume="31" year="1911">Zavattari 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 49. 
<bibRefCitation author="Zavattari, E" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" refId="B43" refString="Zavattari, E, 1912. Materialien fuer eine monographie der neotropischen Eumeniden. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 78A: 1-272." title="Materialien fuer eine monographie der neotropischen Eumeniden. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 78 A: 1 - 272." year="1912">Zavattari 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 99. 
<bibRefCitation author="Bertoni, AW" journalOrPublisher="Anales Cientificos Paraguayos" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" pagination="203 - 208" refId="B4" refString="Bertoni, AW, 1918. Catalogo de los Vespidos sociales y solitarios del Paraguay. Anales Cientificos Paraguayos 2: 203 - 208" title="Catalogo de los Vespidos sociales y solitarios del Paraguay." volume="2" year="1918">Bertoni 1918</bibRefCitation>
: 206. 
<bibRefCitation author="Bertoni, AW" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" pagination="109 - 122" refId="B6" refString="Bertoni, AW, 1934. Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay 3: 109 - 122" title="Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos." volume="3" year="1934">Bertoni 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 113, 118. 
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="211 - 241" refId="B11" refString="Carpenter, JM, van der Vecht, J, 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of Carnegie Museum 60: 211 - 241" title="A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications." volume="60" year="1991">Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 225 (syn: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma superficiale subsp. impurum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="superficiale" subSpecies="impurum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Pirhosigma superficiale impurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Giordani Soika).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes superficialis subsp. mondaiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="superficialis" subSpecies="mondaiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Eumenes superficialis mondaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bertoni, 1934: 118.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
Type Data: Lectotype female by present designation (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">MNHNPY</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Type Locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fox" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma superficiale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superficiale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Pirhosigma superficiale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="7 - 420" refId="B21" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1978. Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 29: 7 - 420" title="Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini." volume="29" year="1978">Giordani Soika 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 230, 236 (inadvertent designation of lectotype). 
<bibRefCitation author="Garcete-Barrett, BR" journalOrPublisher="The Natural History Museum, London" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" refId="B20" refString="Garcete-Barrett, BR, 1999. Guia ilustrada de las avispas sociales del Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). The Natural History Museum, London" title="Guia ilustrada de las avispas sociales del Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)." year="1999">Garcete-Barrett 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 8. 
<bibRefCitation author="Hermes, MG" journalOrPublisher="Caderno de Pesquisa Serie Biologia" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="65 - 115" refId="B24" refString="Hermes, MG, Koehler, A, 2004. Chave ilustrada para as especies de Vespidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) ocorrentes no Cinturao Verde de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil. Caderno de Pesquisa Serie Biologia 16: 65 - 115" title="Chave ilustrada para as especies de Vespidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) ocorrentes no Cinturao Verde de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil." volume="16" year="2004">
Hermes and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 74, 86. 
<bibRefCitation author="Somavilla, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biociencias" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="257 - 263" refId="B39" refString="Somavilla, A, Koehler, A, Hermes, MG, 2010. Contribuicao aos estudos dos Vespidae ocorrentes no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Revista Brasileira de Biociencias 8: 257 - 263" title="Contribuicao aos estudos dos Vespidae ocorrentes no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Insecta, Hymenoptera)." volume="8" year="2010">Somavilla et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 260. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000044" author="Hermes, MG" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="433 - 436" refId="B26" refString="Hermes, MG, Somavilla, A, Garcete-Barrett, BR, 2013. On the nesting biology of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with special reference to the use of vegetable matter. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57: 433 - 436, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000044" title="On the nesting biology of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with special reference to the use of vegetable matter." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000044" volume="57" year="2013">Hermes et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 433, 434. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12059" author="Hermes, MG" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" pagination="453 - 484" refId="B25" refString="Hermes, MG, Melo, GAR, Carpenter, JM, 2014. The higher-level phylogenetic relationships of the Eumeninae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae), with emphasis on Eumenes sensu lato. Cladistics 30: 453 - 484, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12059" title="The higher-level phylogenetic relationships of the Eumeninae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae), with emphasis on Eumenes sensu lato." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12059" volume="30" year="2014">Hermes et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 456, 472, 475. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 270, 272, 276.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma superficiale subsp. impurum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="superficiale" subSpecies="impurum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Pirhosigma superficiale impurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="7 - 420" refId="B21" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1978. Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 29: 7 - 420" title="Revisione degli eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed affini." volume="29" year="1978">Giordani Soika 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 230, 239.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Type Data: Holotype female MCZ.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Type Locality: Oran, Abra Grande, Salta, Argentina (MCZ Type Database, http://140.247.96.247/mcz/Species_record.php?id=25550).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma superficiale subsp. impurum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="superficiale" subSpecies="impurum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Pirhosigma superficiale impurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="211 - 241" refId="B11" refString="Carpenter, JM, van der Vecht, J, 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of Carnegie Museum 60: 211 - 241" title="A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications." volume="60" year="1991">Carpenter and van der Vecht 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 211, 225 (synonym of typical 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. superficiale" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" rank="species" species="superficiale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">P. superficiale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Distribution: Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Bertoni, AW" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" pagination="109 - 122" refId="B6" refString="Bertoni, AW, 1934. Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay 3: 109 - 122" title="Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos." volume="3" year="1934">Bertoni (1934)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned 20 specimens, both males and females, which he ramdomly chose to provide the description of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes superficialis subsp. mondaiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="superficialis" subSpecies="mondaiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Eumenes superficialis mondaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Fifteen out of these twenty specimens were found at the MNHNPY to be part of the type series. Seven specimens are labelled as from Puerto Bertoni, two from Assuncion and five from Vista Alegre. These localities were all mentioned in the original description, except for the latter. 
<bibRefCitation author="Bertoni, AW" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" pagination="109 - 122" refId="B6" refString="Bertoni, AW, 1934. Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay 3: 109 - 122" title="Contribucion al conocimiento de los Eumeneidos." volume="3" year="1934">Bertoni (1934)</bibRefCitation>
also mentioned having examined specimens from 
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="234" start="start">&quot;</pageBreakToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amambái">Amambai</normalizedToken>
(Norte)&quot; which undoubtedly correspond to Vista Alegre, which is in the upper part of the Aguaray Guazu river in the Amabay Department and, according to 
<bibRefCitation author="Brethes, J" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Historia Natural Pura y Aplicada" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="67 - 72" refId="B8" refString="Brethes, J, 1924. Quelques insectes du Paraguay. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural Pura y Aplicada 28: 67 - 72" title="Quelques insectes du Paraguay." volume="28" year="1924">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brèthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
(1924)
</bibRefCitation>
, on the approximate coordinates 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.666666">23°40'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.833332">55°50'W</geoCoordinate>
(though 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brèthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
indicated 33 degrees for the coordinate south, which was no doubt just a lapsus ending in an inadvertent error of 10 degrees). One well preserved female from Puerto Bertoni was chosen as the lectotype and labelled accordingly; the remainder of the specimens (six males and eight females) are to be treated as paralectotypes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferreira &amp; Oliveira.The" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma transfluvium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transfluvium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">Pirhosigma transfluvium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ferreira &amp; Oliveira, 2017
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferreira &amp; Oliveira.The" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pirhosigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pirhosigma transfluvium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transfluvium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">Pirhosigma transfluvium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" author="Ferreira, WD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" pagination="269 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Ferreira, WD, Oliveira, LA, Inez, TG, Hermes, MG, 2017. A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus. Zootaxa 4300: 269 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" title="A new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Eumeninae), with additional notes and a key to the species in the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.8" volume="4300" year="2017">Ferreira et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 270, 277.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="234">
Type Data: Holotype male 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">AMNH</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="234">Type Locality: Beni: Rio Itenez, Bolivia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="234">Distribution: Bolivia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>