213 lines
17 KiB
XML
213 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" ID-PMC="PMC3118819" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-109-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" ID-PubMed="21852932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577024" ModsDocID="1313-2970-109-19" checkinTime="1451250264676" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kaiser, Hinrich, Carvalho, Venancio Lopes, Ceballos, Jester, Freed, Paul, Heacox, Scott, Lester, Barbara, Richards, Stephen J., Trainor, Colin R., Sanchez, Caitlin & O'Shea, Mark" docDate="2011" docId="989ADC83CC8331F1CB485A5E03542D12" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 109: 19-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 109" docPubDate="2011-06-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" docTitle="Lamprolepis smaragdina" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" masterDocTitle="The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1668151585581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kaiser, Hinrich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chalcopis@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Venancio Lopes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade National Timor-Lorosa'e, Faculdade de Ciencias da Educacao, Departamentu da Biologia, Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Liceu Dr. Francisco Machado, Dili, Timor-Leste</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ceballos, Jester</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Freed, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heacox, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lester, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Conservation International, PO Box 1024, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia; and Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Trainor, Colin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sanchez, Caitlin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>O'Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley, Worcestershire DY 12 1 LF, United Kingdom; and Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-06-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>109</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<mods:end>86</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-109-19</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577024</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152029857" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:989ADC83CC8331F1CB485A5E03542D12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/989ADC83CC8331F1CB485A5E03542D12" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName LSID="989ADC83-CC83-31F1-CB48-5A5E03542D12" authority="(Lesson, 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lamprolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lamprolepis smaragdina" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smaragdina">Lamprolepis cf. smaragdina (Lesson, 1826)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Lamprolepis cf. smaragdina. Male (USNM 573669, SVL 92 mm, TL 216 mm) from Lore 1 village, Lautem District. Photo by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15870" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="39" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
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(E) Emerald Tree Skink. *(T)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamór">Mamor</normalizedToken>
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modok (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="mamór">mamor</normalizedToken>
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= skink, modok = green).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="39" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Identification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
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In individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lamprolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cf" subSpecies="smaragdina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Lamprolepis cf. smaragdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that possess the name-giving color pattern, identification is easy. There are no other lizards reported from Timor whose anterior body coloration is an emerald green. Individuals that lack this color pattern may be confused with
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Eutropis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cf" subSpecies="multifasciata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Eutropis cf. multifasciata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, although in a direct comparison the darker dorsal coloration and lateral spotting, along with stouter body proportions, of the latter should be diagnostic. Individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lamprolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Lamprolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are generally found on the upper portion of the trunk of trees and palms, just below the foliage or crown, into which they will quickly retreat when disturbed during basking, whereas individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Eutropis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Eutropis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were not observed on trunks at all and will retreat into grassy areas or under ground-level cover.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" type="collection and natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Collection and natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
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The several specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lamprolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cf" subSpecies="smaragdina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Lamprolepis cf. smaragdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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we collected were taken from the trunks of trees by blow-piping or hand-collecting. Several individuals were observed basking in sunspots very close to a specific tree, to which they retreated when disturbed. A retreat would usually occur in stages, first by climbing the trunk of the apparent 'home
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<normalizedToken originalValue="tree’">tree'</normalizedToken>
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to just below the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="tree’s">tree's</normalizedToken>
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foliage while the skink maintained visual contact with the intruding human and then, when the threat persisted, a
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="40" start="start">total</pageBreakToken>
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retreat into the dense foliage or crown of the tree or palm. We were able to find what we believe to be the same individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lamprolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cf" subSpecies="smaragdina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Lamprolepis cf. smaragdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the same tree during several days of observation, indicating that these lizards display strong site fidelity.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
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Unlike the entirely emerald green
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lamprolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Lamprolepis smaragdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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we have encountered elsewhere (HK in Peninsular Malaysia, MOS and SJR in Papua New Guinea), the solid bright green coloration of Timor-Leste specimens was limited to the anterior half of the body, posterior to which it morphed into a beige brown with dark dorsal spots and dark lateral striping (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Lamprolepis cf. smaragdina. Male (USNM 573669, SVL 92 mm, TL 216 mm) from Lore 1 village, Lautem District. Photo by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15870" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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). Two of our specimens lacked any green coloration and sported a beige brown, pepper-and-salt patterned dorsal coloration. Coloration was, surprisingly, not sexually dichromatic, and among the two males and two females in our collection both sexes are represented by one bicolor green and brown specimen and one entirely brown specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="40" type="taxonomic comments">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
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The pepper-and-salt color pattern we observed in our specimens is reminiscent of the patterns described for
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Barbour" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lamprolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="smaragdina" subSpecies="moluccarum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Lamprolepis s. moluccarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by (
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<bibRefCitation author="Barbour, T" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="15 - 22" refId="B4" refString="Barbour, T, 1911. New lizards and a new toad from the Dutch East Indies, with notes on other species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24: 15 - 22" title="New lizards and a new toad from the Dutch East Indies, with notes on other species." volume="24" year="1911">Barbour (1911</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Barbour, T" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 203" refId="B5" refString="Barbour, T, 1912. A contribution to the zooegeography of the East Indian Islands. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy 44: 1 - 203" title="A contribution to the zooegeography of the East Indian Islands." volume="44" year="1912">1912</bibRefCitation>
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) and for
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lamprolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="smaragdina" subSpecies="elberti">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Lamprolepis s. elberti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Sternfeld, R" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="374 - 436" refId="B85" refString="Sternfeld, R, 1920. Zur Tiergeographie Papuasiens und der pazifischen Inselwelt. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 36: 374 - 436" title="Zur Tiergeographie Papuasiens und der pazifischen Inselwelt." volume="36" year="1920">Sternfeld (1920)</bibRefCitation>
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. We defer the decision on the exact taxonomic allocation of our specimens until a more detailed comparison, to include the named Wallacean subspecies of
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<taxonomicName genus="Lamprolepisv" lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Lamprolepisv smaragdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, has been conducted.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15870" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Figure 18.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lamprolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cf" subSpecies="smaragdina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Lamprolepis cf. smaragdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Male (USNM 573669, SVL 92 mm, TL 216 mm) from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Loré">Lore</normalizedToken>
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1 village,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lautém">Lautem</normalizedToken>
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District. Photo by Mark
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<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |