289 lines
42 KiB
XML
289 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2F7053CB9089B9F73D00D0DB16406F22">Biodiversity hotspot in the Sangha Trinational Protected Area revealed through Orthoptera Tettigoniidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC173EB863AC28325790354777359D48">Massa, Bruno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E7DC578E425E6005356919FA3987B810">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DBD499789CABA8AE6FA4612C29FE8557">
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<mods:date id="3A9FA8321CD19772993EA35940E97334">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7C91B21333827CC0A1946299F40B2263">2023-08-18</mods:number>
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<treatment id="981CAA6F2C68150D7EC84D088D18FDAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261078" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212448466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261078" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981CAA6F2C68150D7EC84D088D18FDAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981CAA6F2C68150D7EC84D088D18FDAD" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="58AF48F22C68150E7EC84D088F27F980" box="[151,775,1586,1613]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="100A1B792C68150E7EC84D088F27F980" blockId="36.[151,965,1586,1650]" box="[151,775,1586,1613]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="4B42AC152C68150E7EC84D088F27F980" bold="true" box="[151,775,1586,1613]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7EC84D088F27F980" bold="true" box="[151,775,1586,1613]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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New Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7F7E4D088DECF981" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2023" box="[289,460,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myllocentrini">Myllocentrini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="888E07FC2C68150E7F844D098EA8F981" box="[475,648,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="37.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-16@37.[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 23. Habitus of Myllocentrum stigmosum (Karsch, 1896) (a) and M. raggei Massa, 2013 (b), frontal view of the head (c), dorsal view (d) and frontal view of female right tegmen of M. raggei (e) (new tribe Myllocentrini), frontal view of female right tegmen in Phlaurocentrum sp. (f) and Leiodontocercus sp. (g) (tribe Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889). Arrows show the peculiar area of veinlets certainly involved in the female song." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261050/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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Figs. 23a–
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<quantity id="D74DB69C2C68150E7C034D088EA8F981" box="[604,648,1587,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="g" value="23.0">23g</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="888E07FC2C68150E7CCA4D098EDFF980" box="[661,767,1586,1612]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="38.[152,255,1311,1335]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-33@38.[199,1387,181,1286]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 24. Lateral view of the ovipositor of Myllocentrum raggei Massa, 2013 (a), Leiodontocercus spinicercatus Massa, 2020 (b), Buettneria maculiceps Karsch, 1889 (c) and Phlaurocentrum latevittatum Karsch, 1889 (d) to show differences between the new tribe Myllocentrini and the tribe Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261054/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">24a–24d</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58AF48F22C68150E7EC84D6C8D90F879" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph id="100A1B792C68150E7EC84D6C8FE5F9BE" blockId="36.[151,965,1586,1650]" box="[151,965,1623,1650]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<uri id="6424177B2C68150E7EC84D6C8FE5F9BE" box="[151,965,1623,1650]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="641321AC2C68150E7FF64D6C8FE5F9BE" box="[425,965,1623,1650]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">F688619B-B69D-4512-B0FB-8D3B8C02C730</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100A1B792C68150E7EC84DA48D90F879" blockId="36.[151,1437,1695,1973]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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According to
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<bibRefCitation id="742466882C68150E7F754DA48D9FF975" author="Ragge, D. R." box="[298,447,1695,1721]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref40573" refString="Ragge, D. R. (1962) A revision of the genera Phlaurocentrum Karsch, Buettneria Karsch and Leiodontocercus Chopard (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 13, 1 - 17. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 102952 # page / 8 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1962">Ragge(1962)</bibRefCitation>
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the genus
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7C734DA48F76F975" authority="Ragge, 1962" authorityName="Ragge" authorityYear="1962" box="[556,854,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7C734DA48EE9F975" box="[556,713,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Myllocentrum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="742466882C68150E7C934DA48F76F975" author="Ragge, D. R." box="[716,854,1695,1721]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref40573" refString="Ragge, D. R. (1962) A revision of the genera Phlaurocentrum Karsch, Buettneria Karsch and Leiodontocercus Chopard (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 13, 1 - 17. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 102952 # page / 8 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1962">Ragge,1962</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not related to the genera of the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7AB64DA489B9F975" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[1257,1433,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Phlaurocentrini">Phlaurocentrini</taxonomicName>
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, though shares with them the greatly reduced ovipositor. Actually, the fastigium of the vertex of
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7ABC4DF889A0F911" authorityName="Ragge" authorityYear="1962" box="[1251,1408,1731,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7ABC4DF889A0F911" box="[1251,1408,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Myllocentrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not as compressed as in
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7FEB4DDC8F30F8CD" authority="Karsch, 1889" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[436,784,1767,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlaurocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7FEB4DDC8E4BF8CD" box="[436,619,1767,1793]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Phlaurocentrum</emphasis>
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Karsch, 1889
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7D424DD38815F8CD" authority="Karsch, 1889" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[797,1077,1767,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Buettneria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7D424DD38FB3F8CD" box="[797,915,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Buettneria</emphasis>
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Karsch, 1889
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7A2E4DDC8CF2F8EA" authority="Chopard, 1954" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Leiodontocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7A2E4DDC890BF8CD" box="[1137,1323,1767,1793]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Leiodontocercus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="742466882C68150E7B6A4DDC8CF2F8EA" author="Chopard, L." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="25 - 97" refId="ref39186" refString="Chopard, L. (1954) La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba. II. Orthopteres Ensiferes. Memoires Institut francais Afrique noire, 40, 25 - 97." type="journal article" year="1954">Chopard, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the legs are clearly shorter, and the last tergite of both sexes is unmodified. For similar reasons
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<bibRefCitation id="742466882C68150E7B5C4C3089BCF8E9" author="Ragge, D. R." box="[1283,1436,1803,1829]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref40573" refString="Ragge, D. R. (1962) A revision of the genera Phlaurocentrum Karsch, Buettneria Karsch and Leiodontocercus Chopard (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 13, 1 - 17. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 102952 # page / 8 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1962">Ragge (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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excluded its affinity with
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7FE44C148EFFF885" authority="Karsch, 1896" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" box="[443,735,1839,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Enochletica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7FE44C148E61F885" box="[443,577,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Enochletica</emphasis>
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Karsch, 1896
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</taxonomicName>
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and consequently
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7DEB4C148871F885" authorityName="Ragge" authorityYear="1962" box="[948,1105,1839,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7DEB4C148871F885" box="[948,1105,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Myllocentrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was not included in the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7EC84C688D81F8A1" authority="Karsch, 1890" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,417,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Preussini">Preussini Karsch, 1890</taxonomicName>
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. Considering the peculiarity of the two species belonging to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7A904C68894CF8A1" authorityName="Ragge" authorityYear="1962" box="[1231,1388,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7A904C68894CF8A1" box="[1231,1388,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Myllocentrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7B214C6F8D9FF85D" authority="(Karsch, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosum">
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7B214C6F8D2FF85D" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. stigmosum</emphasis>
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(Karsch, 1896)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7FA94C438EDDF85D" authority="Massa, 2013" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2013" box="[502,765,1911,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raggei">
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7FA94C438E45F85D" box="[502,613,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. raggei</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="742466882C68150E7C334C4C8EDDF85D" author="Massa, B." box="[620,765,1911,1937]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="125 - 152" refId="ref39865" refString="Massa, B. (2013) Diversity of leaf katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) of Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic, with selected records from other African countries. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 22, 125 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 034.022.0201" type="journal article" year="2013">Massa, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
] (
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<figureCitation id="888E07FC2C68150E7D4C4C4C8F97F85D" box="[787,951,1911,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="37.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-16@37.[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 23. Habitus of Myllocentrum stigmosum (Karsch, 1896) (a) and M. raggei Massa, 2013 (b), frontal view of the head (c), dorsal view (d) and frontal view of female right tegmen of M. raggei (e) (new tribe Myllocentrini), frontal view of female right tegmen in Phlaurocentrum sp. (f) and Leiodontocercus sp. (g) (tribe Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889). Arrows show the peculiar area of veinlets certainly involved in the female song." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261050/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 23a, 23b</figureCitation>
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), a distinct tribe is proposed for this genus,
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<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C68150E7EC84CA08D11F879" authority="Massa, 2023" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,305,1947,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Myllocentrini">Myllocentrini</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C68150E7F674CA08D89F879" bold="true" box="[312,425,1947,1973]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="39F27A102C68150E7F674CA08D89F879" box="[312,425,1947,1973]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="tribe">new tribe</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="44CA4BF12C69150F7EC74C4E8F30F835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261050/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[152,255,1909,1933]" targetBox="[337,1251,181,1884]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="100A1B792C69150F7EC74C4E8F30F835" blockId="37.[151,1436,1909,2041]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C69150F7EC74C4E8D05F841" bold="true" box="[152,293,1909,1933]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C69150F7FC34C4E8F1BF841" authority="(Karsch, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[412,827,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C69150F7FC34C4E8EBDF841" box="[412,669,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Myllocentrum stigmosum</emphasis>
|
||
(Karsch, 1896)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C69150F7DD04C4D885AF841" authority="Massa, 2013" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2013" box="[911,1146,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raggei">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C69150F7DD04C4D8FD3F841" box="[911,1011,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. raggei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="742466882C69150F7DA64C4E885AF841" author="Massa, B." box="[1017,1146,1909,1933]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="125 - 152" refId="ref39865" refString="Massa, B. (2013) Diversity of leaf katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) of Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic, with selected records from other African countries. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 22, 125 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 034.022.0201" type="journal article" year="2013">Massa, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(b), frontal view of the head (c), dorsal view (d) and frontal view of female right tegmen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C69150F7D444CA18F5FF87D" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2013" box="[795,895,1946,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raggei">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C69150F7D444CA18F5FF87D" box="[795,895,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. raggei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e) (new tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C69150F7A474CA28888F87D" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2023" box="[1048,1192,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myllocentrini">Myllocentrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
), frontal view of female right tegmen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C69150F7F1E4C868E2DF818" box="[321,525,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlaurocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C69150F7F1E4C868DC6F819" box="[321,486,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Phlaurocentrum</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(f) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C69150F7C394C868F14F818" box="[614,820,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Leiodontocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C69150F7C394C868F2EF819" box="[614,782,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Leiodontocercus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(g) (tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C69150F7DFB4C8688F7F819" authority="Karsch, 1889" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[932,1239,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Phlaurocentrini">Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Arrows show the peculiar area of veinlets certainly involved in the female song.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="44CA4BF12C6A150C7EC74E248FE4FAB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261054/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[152,255,1311,1335]" targetBox="[199,1387,181,1286]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="100A1B792C6A150C7EC74E248FE4FAB3" blockId="38.[151,1436,1311,1407]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C6A150C7EC74E248D07FAFB" bold="true" box="[152,295,1311,1335]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of the ovipositor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6A150C7CDA4E248FC6FAFB" authority="Massa, 2013" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2013" box="[645,998,1311,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raggei">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C6A150C7CDA4E248F7DFAFB" box="[645,861,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Myllocentrum raggei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="742466882C6A150C7D3A4E248FC6FAFB" author="Massa, B." box="[869,998,1311,1335]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="125 - 152" refId="ref39865" refString="Massa, B. (2013) Diversity of leaf katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) of Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic, with selected records from other African countries. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 22, 125 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 034.022.0201" type="journal article" year="2013">Massa, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6A150C7A474E248CEAFA97" authority="Massa, 2020" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Leiodontocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinicercatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C6A150C7A474E24896DFAFB" box="[1048,1357,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leiodontocercus spinicercatus</emphasis>
|
||
Massa, 2020
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(b),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6A150C7F5D4E7F8E5FFA97" authority="Karsch, 1889" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[258,639,1347,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Buettneria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C6A150C7F5D4E7F8DCAFA97" box="[258,490,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Buettneria maculiceps</emphasis>
|
||
Karsch, 1889
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(c) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6A150C7C814E7888BDFA97" authority="Karsch, 1889" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[734,1181,1347,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlaurocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latevittatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C6A150C7C814E788827FA97" box="[734,1031,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Phlaurocentrum latevittatum</emphasis>
|
||
Karsch, 1889
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(d) to show differences between the new tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6A150C7F224E5C8E28FAB3" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2023" box="[381,520,1383,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myllocentrini">Myllocentrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6A150C7CCC4E5C8FE0FAB3" authority="Karsch, 1889" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[659,960,1383,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Phlaurocentrini">Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58AF48F22C6A150C7E984EEA8F2DF8BB" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="100A1B792C6A150C7E984EEA8F2DF8BB" blockId="38.[151,1437,1489,2020]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C6A150C7E984EEA8E90FA27" bold="true" box="[199,688,1489,1515]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Diagnosis of the new Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6A150C7C524EEA8E90FA27" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2023" box="[525,688,1489,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myllocentrini">Myllocentrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Medium sized, fastigium of vertex narrow, a little raised, pointed and furrowed, as large as first antennal segment, face large and short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="888E07FC2C6A150C7DD24ECE8FCBF9C3" box="[909,1003,1525,1551]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="37.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-16@37.[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 23. Habitus of Myllocentrum stigmosum (Karsch, 1896) (a) and M. raggei Massa, 2013 (b), frontal view of the head (c), dorsal view (d) and frontal view of female right tegmen of M. raggei (e) (new tribe Myllocentrini), frontal view of female right tegmen in Phlaurocentrum sp. (f) and Leiodontocercus sp. (g) (tribe Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889). Arrows show the peculiar area of veinlets certainly involved in the female song." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261050/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 23c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes round, prominent, scapus placed within an area with raised margins. Pronotum flat and smooth, nearly as long as high, moderately compressed, with lateral margins and well-developed humeral excision, lateral lobes rounded on hind and lower margins. Legs short and slender; fore coxae armed, fore femora inferiorly sulcate. Tympana conchate on inner side, open on outer side. Dorsal margin of fore tibiae furrowed. Tegmina well developed, slightly shorter than hind wings. Mirror absent. Fairly exclusive is the presence of conspicuous, prominent and regularly placed small bristles on 6–7 veinlets in the anal area of the right female tegmen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="888E07FC2C6A150C7C364DF68F2DF92B" box="[617,781,1741,1767]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="37.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-16@37.[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 23. Habitus of Myllocentrum stigmosum (Karsch, 1896) (a) and M. raggei Massa, 2013 (b), frontal view of the head (c), dorsal view (d) and frontal view of female right tegmen of M. raggei (e) (new tribe Myllocentrini), frontal view of female right tegmen in Phlaurocentrum sp. (f) and Leiodontocercus sp. (g) (tribe Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889). Arrows show the peculiar area of veinlets certainly involved in the female song." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261050/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 23d, 23e</figureCitation>
|
||
), certainly involved during the female reply to male song. Medial field with crossed veinlets, two apically divided branches radiate from radial vein. 10
|
||
<superScript id="E7C0B6312C6A150C7AEE4DCA889EF933" attach="left" box="[1201,1214,1777,1791]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">th</superScript>
|
||
tergite unmodified, subgenital plate a little concave, provided with short styli. Cerci stout and incurved. Females with ovipositor much reduced, apically pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="888E07FC2C6A150C7F9B4C028E06F89F" box="[452,550,1849,1875]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="38.[152,255,1311,1335]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-33@38.[199,1387,181,1286]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 24. Lateral view of the ovipositor of Myllocentrum raggei Massa, 2013 (a), Leiodontocercus spinicercatus Massa, 2020 (b), Buettneria maculiceps Karsch, 1889 (c) and Phlaurocentrum latevittatum Karsch, 1889 (d) to show differences between the new tribe Myllocentrini and the tribe Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261054/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 24a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Black spots on the tegmina and black markings on the body characterize the two species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6A150C7FEF4C668E6DF8BB" authorityName="Ragge" authorityYear="1962" box="[432,589,1885,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C6A150C7FEF4C668E6DF8BB" box="[432,589,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Myllocentrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="888E07FC2C6A150C7C034C668F20F8BB" box="[604,768,1885,1911]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="37.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-16@37.[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 23. Habitus of Myllocentrum stigmosum (Karsch, 1896) (a) and M. raggei Massa, 2013 (b), frontal view of the head (c), dorsal view (d) and frontal view of female right tegmen of M. raggei (e) (new tribe Myllocentrini), frontal view of female right tegmen in Phlaurocentrum sp. (f) and Leiodontocercus sp. (g) (tribe Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889). Arrows show the peculiar area of veinlets certainly involved in the female song." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261050/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 23a, 23b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58AF48F22C6A150D7E984CBA8D18FDAD" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="100A1B792C6A150D7E984CBA8D6DFF35" blockId="38.[151,1437,1489,2020]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C6A150C7E984CBA8D14F857" bold="true" box="[199,308,1921,1947]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="742466882C6A150C7F194CB98DC4F857" author="Ragge, D. R." box="[326,484,1921,1948]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref40573" refString="Ragge, D. R. (1962) A revision of the genera Phlaurocentrum Karsch, Buettneria Karsch and Leiodontocercus Chopard (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 13, 1 - 17. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 102952 # page / 8 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1962">Ragge (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
already highlighted the presence of veinlets in the anal area on the right female tegmen certainly used to produce sounds.Analogous structures have been found in most females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6A150C7AB94C9E8D4EF828" authority="(Heller et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropterinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Phaneropterinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="742466882C6A150C7EC04CF28D46F828" author="Heller, K. - G. & Hemp, C. & Ingrisch, S. & Liu, C." box="[159,358,1993,2020]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="7 - 18" refId="ref39475" refString="Heller, K. - G., Hemp, C., Ingrisch, S. & Liu, C. (2015) Acoustic Communication in Phaneropterinae (Tettigonioidea) - A Global Review with Some New Data. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 24, 7 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 034.024.0103" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Heller
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C6A150C7EB24CF18D3EF82F" box="[237,286,1993,2019]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a similar acoustic system has been noticed on the female right tegmen of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6A150C7B184CF189BDF828" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1874" box="[1351,1437,1994,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Arantia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C6A150C7B184CF189BDF828" box="[1351,1437,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Arantia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6B150D7E834BAC8D4DFF7D" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" box="[220,365,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Holochlorini">Holochlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="742466882C6B150D7FDC4BAC8E5BFF7D" author="Hemp, C. & Massa, B." box="[387,635,151,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="451 - 498" refId="ref39537" refString="Hemp, C. & Massa, B. (2017) Review of the African genera Arantia Stal and Goetia Karsch (Orthoptera. Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Zootaxa, 4362 (4), 451 - 498. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4362.4.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Hemp & Massa 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, females belonging to the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6B150D7A2D4BAC893FFF7D" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[1138,1311,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Phlaurocentrini">Phlaurocentrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
have these structures, but unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6B150D7FD34B808E09FF19" authorityName="Ragge" authorityYear="1962" box="[396,553,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Myllocentrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C1C76B2C6B150D7FD34B808E09FF19" box="[396,553,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Myllocentrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they are placed rather irregularly on the right tegmen, not on parallel veinlets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="888E07FC2C6B150D7EC04BE48D60FF35" box="[159,320,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="37.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-16@37.[337,1251,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 23. Habitus of Myllocentrum stigmosum (Karsch, 1896) (a) and M. raggei Massa, 2013 (b), frontal view of the head (c), dorsal view (d) and frontal view of female right tegmen of M. raggei (e) (new tribe Myllocentrini), frontal view of female right tegmen in Phlaurocentrum sp. (f) and Leiodontocercus sp. (g) (tribe Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889). Arrows show the peculiar area of veinlets certainly involved in the female song." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261050/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Figs. 23f,
|
||
<quantity id="D74DB69C2C6B150D7F4D4BE48D60FF35" box="[274,320,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="g" value="23.0">23g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100A1B792C6B150D7E984A388D18FDAD" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
There is also an important morphological difference in the ovipositor shape between the new tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6B150D7B5D4A3889BCFED1" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2023" box="[1282,1436,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myllocentrini">Myllocentrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6B150D7F454A1C8DEAFE8D" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[282,458,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Phlaurocentrini">Phlaurocentrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
; species belonging to the new tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6B150D7D3D4A1C8FDCFE8D" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2023" box="[866,1020,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myllocentrini">Myllocentrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
have an ovipositor of normal shape, but reduced in size. Both valves, ventral and dorsal are flattened laterally, directed upwards and are parallel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="888E07FC2C6B150D7B304A708CE3FE45" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="38.[152,255,1311,1335]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-33@38.[199,1387,181,1286]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 24. Lateral view of the ovipositor of Myllocentrum raggei Massa, 2013 (a), Leiodontocercus spinicercatus Massa, 2020 (b), Buettneria maculiceps Karsch, 1889 (c) and Phlaurocentrum latevittatum Karsch, 1889 (d) to show differences between the new tribe Myllocentrini and the tribe Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261054/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 24a</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6B150D7F624A548DCAFE45" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[317,490,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Phlaurocentrini">Phlaurocentrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
the valves of the ovipositor are not flattened laterally, the 10
|
||
<superScript id="E7C0B6312C6B150D7AFD4A55888FFEB0" attach="left" box="[1186,1199,366,380]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">th</superScript>
|
||
abdominal tergite of the female is hood-like and conceals the supra-anal plate; the ovipositor is much reduced and with smooth and short valves. Ventral valves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6B150D7FF04A8C8E7CFE1D" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[431,604,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Phlaurocentrini">Phlaurocentrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
are short, directed upwards and apically pointed, dorsal valves longer than ventral ones, straight like two short fingers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="888E07FC2C6B150D7CD84AE08F43FE39" box="[647,867,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="38.[152,255,1311,1335]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,181,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-33@38.[199,1387,181,1286]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 24. Lateral view of the ovipositor of Myllocentrum raggei Massa, 2013 (a), Leiodontocercus spinicercatus Massa, 2020 (b), Buettneria maculiceps Karsch, 1889 (c) and Phlaurocentrum latevittatum Karsch, 1889 (d) to show differences between the new tribe Myllocentrini and the tribe Phlaurocentrini Karsch, 1889." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261054/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs. 24b, 24c, 24d</figureCitation>
|
||
). This has also ecological implications; the species belonging to the new tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6B150D7F9D4AC48E7FFDD5" authorityName="Massa" authorityYear="2023" box="[450,607,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myllocentrini">Myllocentrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6B150D7D5C4AC48F9CFDD5" box="[771,956,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropterinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phaneropterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lay flat eggs between the layers of the leaf epidermis, while those belonging to the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B560FA2C6B150D7CC949188F63FDF1" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" box="[662,835,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Phlaurocentrini">Phlaurocentrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
lay round and thick eggs between cracks of tree bark (Massa 2020).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |