292 lines
36 KiB
XML
292 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="DEF49500907C8B08D9FAE3EE660C832E" ID-CLB-Dataset="27240" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.674.11435" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f04c1841-68d9-4721-a182-fee61c6c985f" ID-PMC="PMC5523201" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-674-1" ID-PubMed="28824280" ID-ZooBank="6B58CAA7036A4F078AA4DA14BFA99D83" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-674-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 674" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus Ungla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)" checkinTime="1555320290349" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tauber, Catherine A., Sosa, Francisco, Albuquerque, Gilberto S. & Tauber, Maurice J." docDate="2017" docId="97C42B3DB00B90638D091266A49D671C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 674: 1-188" docOrigin="ZooKeys 674" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.674.11435" docTitle="Ungla argentina Navas 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="E951072F3D22FF9CFFEEFFBC201DFFB1" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus Ungla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1701374468468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1430294BCDBD7BEC6F30EB3E4890DA4E">
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<mods:title id="66CFA7B33CCF8F655820CAB2245F914C">Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus Ungla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="85FED525EC0A7289BD5F540D6D2A6686">Tauber, Catherine A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C37DAD6279939B20D96048344EF034B">Sosa, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5964E5CB90659C541F7C31E4C251877B">Albuquerque, Gilberto S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="902070686CC334673DFBB935F23BF803">Tauber, Maurice J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E7D0737DB91952C9A1E3EEDC092CB768">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CF841A2B12E0FA8746D9DBDC9E673FD4">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A3C08860D58CAC9E50A48FD7017C6741">674</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="24C69EA03023AB8A7679C200111A5AB7">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.674.11435</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="95081B4EB2E1F9A1426D554FD3DC1E42" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.674.11435</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="97C42B3DB00B90638D091266A49D671C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156200988" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:97C42B3DB00B90638D091266A49D671C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/97C42B3DB00B90638D091266A49D671C" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<subSubSection id="BBEE9FCD006098D97E63FE1740D558CD" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="25E2FAC3C6F594BC94C8FBD4671AD310" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="D226161505E7DC529E0538923962055D" ID-CoL="7DK84" authority="Navas, 1911" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">
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Ungla argentina (
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<normalizedToken id="64ECB036CAA3230DFC0B1127938A5CFB" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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, 1911)
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 102, 103, 104, 105, 106
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8CD71E2B1E5D1069330EA80CBF278C61" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2B05826F77BA53A88F32F85F8563493A" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="DF2607E9AFEFAFA45DEFBF9BF4BB46AE" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Hypochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypochrysa argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">
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<pageBreakToken id="B8EBC0C3E2C02A2574F69AB3ACF36CFD" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" start="start">Hypochrysa</pageBreakToken>
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argentina
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="F0AA308ACDF6085C16FC10ACB6FC5F21" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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, 1911. Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 35 (pt. 2): 275; "Chaco de Santiago del Estero. Bords da Rio Salado, env.
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<normalizedToken id="1EEE781BA13E6591E09A34F6D4DC0ADF" originalValue="d’Icaño">d'Icano</normalizedToken>
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. E.-R. Wagner, septembre, 1903".
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<bibRefCitation id="9E71174ECEE580DB0147D8724A4186FC" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Broteria (Zoologica)" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="73 - 104" title="Crisopidos sudamericanos" volume="11" year="1913">
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<normalizedToken id="49CB8A59085687B464ED6BEADA34083F" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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1913
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 93 (tax).
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<taxonomicName id="009206B249770E58A2AD5A4ACE7B2548" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">Chrysopa argentina</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="938960461827251BB3504F2471ECBACB" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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), by
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<bibRefCitation id="E6E2EE8144170B06C761D95109801C81" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Tjeder 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 247.
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<bibRefCitation id="42837270768749564916B1F5C52A5CA5" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="215 - 238" title="A review of the Mesochrysinae and Nothochrysinae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." volume="135" year="1967">Adams 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 221 (tax);
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<bibRefCitation id="66B2E550789E655FDC9640A807651E88" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Lilloana" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="5 - 87" title="Catalogo de Neuroptera de Argentina y Uruguay." volume="22" year="1967">Stange 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 31 (catalog);
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<bibRefCitation id="2392AFE7225920F70ED61FAC3FBB18F9" author="Tjeder, B" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="110 - 118" title="Redescriptions and lectotype designations of some exotic Chrysopidae (Neur.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631271X00121" volume="2" year="1971">Tjeder 1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 113 (redescr, tax);
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<bibRefCitation id="55EE7CA4218F6478204E3616E6E8B083" author="Penny, ND" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 61" title="Lista de Megaloptera, Neuroptera e Raphidioptera do Mexico, America Central, ilhas Caraibas e America do Sul" volume="7" year="1977">Penny 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 16 (list).
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<taxonomicName id="492E2698D7EB67687696643A849902AB" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Suarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Suarius argentinus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinus">Suarius argentinus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="90E873B4241F0FBE27886E8BACB9555F" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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), by
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<bibRefCitation id="11AB26B97FFDF1035D0CDE0132570FD3" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="167 - 173" title="Status of the genera Ungla and Mallada Navas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/1975/62979" volume="82" year="1975">Adams 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 169 (redesc).
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<bibRefCitation id="550F396EC9D8A62EB9DCC23D669B96B8" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="413 - 479" title="[1987] Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 11 a. Introduction and Chrysopini." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921985153479" volume="15" year="1985">Adams and Penny 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 436 (discussion);
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<bibRefCitation id="34F342A222D8952BB9823C78487DD07C" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Adams and Penny 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 121 (tax);
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<bibRefCitation id="28D691CDB2D55AADF8E6BB69C75CEC90" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" title="Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 4.0" url="http://lacewing.tamu.edu/Species-Catalogue/" year="2015">Oswald 2015</bibRefCitation>
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(catalog).
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<taxonomicName id="A7176FE100FC4E3F15C2ABFC615B5F0A" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">Ungla argentina</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<normalizedToken id="492787F4AE7F27E9921FAC04E386A864" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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), by
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<bibRefCitation id="DED03C4B02C7062D15F6F0C16784FB5D" author="Brooks, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomology" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="117 - 286" title="The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." volume="59" year="1990">Brooks and Barnard 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 241, 276.
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<bibRefCitation id="2852E199914D7FC4D00616D4D9748ED0" author="Gonzalez Olazo, EV" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Lilloana" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="373 - 391" title="Catalogo de los tipos de Neuroptera (Insecta: Holometabola) depositados em colecciones argentinas." volume="43" year="1996">
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<normalizedToken id="3775CFD12F09167233501DA1D73921C5" originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
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||
Olazo 1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 378, 381 (tax),
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<bibRefCitation id="36E1B75483B922A68875AEE78F2EE4DF" author="Monserrat, VJ" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="163 - 179" title="Contribucion al conocimiento de los crisopidos de Coquimbo, Patagonia y Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile) (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2005.v61.i2.18" volume="61" year="2005">Monserrat and Freitas 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 165-168 (redesc, larval desc, biol);
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<bibRefCitation id="E650AA7934FB2AFABFC176257B720472" author="Freitas, S" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="413 - 415" title="Ocorrencia de Ungla Navas (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) no Brasil e descricao de nova especie." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262007000400004" volume="51" year="2007">Freitas 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 415 (key to adults);
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<bibRefCitation id="8ADCBF35C4613A9020AFBA4185994461" author="Legrand, J" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="103 - 183" title="[2009] Navas types and non-type specimens of Chrysopidae in the MNHN, Paris (Neuroptera). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (N. S." volume="30" year="2008">Legrand et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 115 (type);
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<bibRefCitation id="8ADF33FF6B195B6CE51A2180FA521012" author="Tauber, CA" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="295 - 314" title="Debris-carrying in larval Chrysopidae: unraveling its evolutionary history" url="https://doi.org/10.1603/AN13163" volume="107" year="2014">Tauber et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: supplementary material (list);
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<bibRefCitation id="110CDAD46E71F6B25FD7C969EDAA48F6" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" title="Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 4.0" url="http://lacewing.tamu.edu/Species-Catalogue/" year="2015">Oswald 2015</bibRefCitation>
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(cat
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<pageBreakToken id="002D799467E2A0F4F491AD14675045ED" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" start="start">alog</pageBreakToken>
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). Lectotype (Fig. 102). MNHN, female (examined), designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="91624288DBD4DCED06AB84237228B18D" author="Tjeder, B" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="110 - 118" title="Redescriptions and lectotype designations of some exotic Chrysopidae (Neur.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631271X00121" volume="2" year="1971">Tjeder (1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 112-113; also see
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<bibRefCitation id="45E8B60E58323595A82B8B5A6814C84C" author="Legrand, J" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="103 - 183" title="[2009] Navas types and non-type specimens of Chrysopidae in the MNHN, Paris (Neuroptera). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (N. S." volume="30" year="2008">Legrand et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 115),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="15637E5D93BA50A111A3E7DE130EB790" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" title="Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 4.0" url="http://lacewing.tamu.edu/Species-Catalogue/" year="2015">Oswald (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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. Type locality: The type was collected on the banks of Rio Salado, near
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<normalizedToken id="53A3334171A1303F862CA1C2BE70AC85" originalValue="Icaño">Icano</normalizedToken>
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, on the eastern edge of the northern Argentinian province of Santiago del Estero. Rio Salado is a tributary of Rio
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<normalizedToken id="2C66033711A46C2B2BC8031703F58454" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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. The term
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<normalizedToken id="1F139E4CE8250A223DB9B44FA6D3DB61" originalValue="“Chaco”">"Chaco"</normalizedToken>
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in "Chaco de Santiago del Estero" has several possible meanings; here it probably refers to the lowland part of the Chaco region that was acquired by the province of Santiago del Estero. The specimen has its right antenna and posterior right wing missing; the abdomen is permanently mounted between two small discs, and the internal features are difficult to see clearly. Synonyms. At one time or another, seven species names were synonymyzed with
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<taxonomicName id="01AC167B4714DA622C2296187C801EA4" family="Chrysopidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="argentina">U. argentina</taxonomicName>
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. However, at this time, none of the synonymies are confirmed. One (
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<taxonomicName id="5D25559AE7A132ADE0B7067D1AF2B4CD" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla annulata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulata">Ungla annulata</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="A9B4A70680FACBCBD891991663D89FC3" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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||
) is a valid biological entity and is treated above. Two of the names [
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<taxonomicName id="9FC4A8E7AF6078E60C1A09838E7333BC" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Cintameva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cintameva lurida" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">Cintameva lurida</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="A51396639CCA093643091339C59A97AC" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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and
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||
<taxonomicName id="48634236A6EB35ACF3026EB72D9C24D4" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa plesia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plesia">Chrysopa plesia</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="3054AD11FB428E23C19D7190E50DBFB1" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
] are junior synonyms of species other than
|
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<taxonomicName id="BBEE913CF24D4C3E8B27D346E08E9ACC" family="Chrysopidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="argentina">U. argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
; they are treated under
|
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<taxonomicName id="467CA32BEDE9AE52C5A4CB521575D4A2" family="Chrysopidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. annulata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="annulata">U. annulata</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="3D4DE7C8167CC9B5B2B61D3B40BD8ED0" family="Chrysopidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. chacranella" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="chacranella">U. chacranella</taxonomicName>
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, respectively. The final four (
|
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<taxonomicName id="04A75710AF4D5AACA1E069F93BDD0DC3" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopa venulosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venulosa">Chrysopa venulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2619C553D5FBE51A8ACE756785FEA03B" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC9C325559788E1DA178DD7615CC2C98" family="Chrysopidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. graciana" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="graciana">C. graciana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E21E545240DF5C6EF86D220590DD3D44" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97AFDBEA0F629E740093C1E6281DFB1A" family="Chrysopidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. nervulosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="nervulosa">C. nervulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EB2B642C5B5E5740CBAC42A91E36806A" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E61804C374E5657B656112F83B9B60A" family="Chrysopidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. coronata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="coronata">C. coronata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="337E722A7C6920E4D432B536916A8DE4" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
) are considered species inquirenda, and are discussed at the end of the article.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2A38BD2C01A2415D1AE5F48084024A4" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="34882260BD43510A0161F056ED28D830" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221C2C7A24E7DD3AF6C0BF0BF904F228" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
The lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E62427E07B1EA8DC5467B8A5B90EA66C" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Hypochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypochrysa argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">Hypochrysa argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
expresses a set of external characters that we concluded are typical for the species: wings with membrane somewhat shiny to slightly dull, veins robust; both longitudinal veins and transverse veins marked alternately with white (or cream-color) and black (or dark brown); gradate veins dark with prominent fumose marks on surrounding membrane; dorsum of head (vertex) brown, with relatively weak, inverted U-shaped marking, with paired darker brown markings extending anteriorly from the vertex, between the scapes, onto the frons and around the lower margins of the antennal fossae. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36903A9C262BEEB41CAB4FA622E37C3F" lsidName="U. argentina" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="argentina">U. argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
male abdomen has small, unmodified spiracles; the mediuncus is relatively short and slightly sinuous dorsally; gonosetae are present in a single patch on the upper and outer surfaces of each lobe of the bilobed gonosaccus; and setae at the tip of S8+9 are simple, i.e., they are not flanged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="82A4A42FD8B5B03EBFE41404E53317A7" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="39E8070E2B737BB96906A6A3ACEB2D22" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Figure 102.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18724584F60ADB6FD91F0E71CFD96946" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">Ungla argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="98C982179231A3AAC334EA7A1BB68562" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
): Features, (a) labels (b) habitus, dorsum (c) head, frontal (d) head, dorsal (e) head, thorax, dorsal (f) forewing (g) hindwing (h) spermatheca (i, j) terminalia, left, right (Argentina, Santiago del Estero, lectotype, female, MNHN).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A1E528F65679ED0A84494E8E62F36FD2" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="530D146B8F23C6B29424A14C57C9F88D" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Figure 103.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA80B3CA3188113CF2218DA577B91EA1" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">Ungla argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8CA4F7BA2EAAA40A338B4D1C40736FC5" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
): External features, (a, b, c) head, frontal [Note variation in frontal markings.] (d) head, prothorax, dorsal (e) head, prothorax, dorsolateral (f) head, prothorax, lateral (Argentina, Santiago del Estero, CAS; a male;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0E90077CF9CF61352FDA8030339F5AC7" originalValue="b–f">b-f</normalizedToken>
|
||
female).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D60182DADFDF0393894F8B288F7F42BC" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="4A5CF9F4A37ABA52CFEB31053E93B84D" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252EDBFF944E3293528A5B3848FC9420" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Head: vertex light brown to brown, with U-shaped marking prominent to somewhat obscured, brown coloration extending anteriorly between the scapes, usually to the frons, forming an X-shaped frontal marking below antennal fossae; antennal fossa with large, dark brown mark extending around dorsal margin, between antennae, and around frontal margin; gena, lateral margin of clypeus with dark brown stripe. Antenna cream-colored; scape with diffuse, brown, longitudinal mark or marks; pedicel mostly brown; flagellum tinged with brown. Basal two labial palpomeres pale, distal three brown; membrane between palpomeres cream-colored; distal maxillary palpomere light brown, basal two cream-colored to tan.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A34A40EF0C3C99F78945B81F4BEB0920" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Prothorax with brown, longitudinal stripes sublaterally, laterally; transverse furrow in posterior region, not reaching lateral margins; short, dark setae throughout. Mesothorax, metathorax with lighter, more diffuse brown markings. Measurements: head width: 1.3-1.4 mm; ratio head width: eye width: 2.4-2.6: 1; prothorax width: 1.0 mm; prothorax length: 0.5-0.7 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D927BCDEE116862082943B74F42BB" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Forewing, hindwing moderately narrow, with well-rounded apices, robust venation; alar membrane clear, with light to dark brown suffusion adjacent to dark veins; stigma usually light brown, cloudy to opaque, with three to four black crossveins below, surrounded by dark brown fumose to solid marks; longitudinal and transverse veins with alternate creamy and dark markings (usually dark brown at intersections with crossveins and cream-colored between intersections); gradate veins, crossveins dark. Forewing 8.6-11.1 mm long, 2.8-3.8 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 2.9-3.1: 1); height of tallest costal cell 0.6-0.8 mm (cell number 5-6); first intramedian cell ovate, 0.6-0.8 mm long; 8-9 radial cells (closed cells between R and Rs); third gradate cell 0.6-1.2 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 1.8-3.5: 1); fourth gradate cell 0.8-0.9 mm long, 0.3 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 2.6-2.9: 1); 3-4 Banksian cells (b cells), 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="187EA02C1BDE9AA27F143812AF404ED2" originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
cells; 2-4 inner gradates, 3-5 outer gradates. Hindwing 7.7-9.7 mm long, 2.3-3.1 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 3.1-3.3: 1), 8-9 radial cells, 3 b (Banksian) cells, 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="00942C9B4605CA1CC548489AE5D15A5B" originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
cells, 2-4 inner gradates, 3-5 outer gradates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A62330E0793153E6A662EB4D7512690" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Male. Abdomen with spiracles small (e.g., A7: spiracle diameter ~0.04x length of sternite); T9+ectoproct short, rounded posteriorly, with dorsal invagination deep, almost reaching anterior margin of T9, lateral margins of invagination straight to convex; callus cerci large, ovate, entire margin lightly sclerotized, sclerotization extending distally along posteroventral margin of segment; subanal plate small, delicate, with patch of one to eight irregularly placed setae. S8, S9 fused, fusion demarcated; dorsal margin with light sclerotization anteriorly, heavier throughout terminal ~1/5th of S8+9; terminal setae slightly robust, otherwise unmodified. Gonarcus with bridge slender, lateral apodemes slightly expanded, blunt, process on sides of lateral apodemes curved smoothly, perpendicularly (lateral view) and slightly inward (frontal view) from gonarcal arm; mediuncus long, narrow, with dorsal margin slightly bowed; gonosaccus distinctly bilobed, each lobe with large patch of robust gonosetae on enlarged bases - anterobasal gonosetae smaller, shorter, on smaller bases than posterodistal gonosetae; hypandrium internum U-shaped with arms bending outward distally, comes elongate, irregular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DBD609E1B95D78C75572381C761A3213" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Female. Spermatheca round, pillbox-shaped, velum obscured, invagination present but size not clear, spermathecal duct with U-shaped bend and curve; subgenitale with short knob-like protrusion.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1F768535F8C49633E6998C69AECD3505" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="ECB3E3B5C98A93EA8A82B91FCADAE9D9" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Figure 104.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="223ED5F88589E03C26F3BA504285ACFF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">Ungla argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FB14E0CD7AE102FF9FFCF4319ADDFC71" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
): Variation in size, shape, coloration, venation of forewings and hindwings (Argentina; a Catamarca, male, CAS; b Santiago del Rio, female, CAS; c La Rioja, male, CAS). Scale applies to all images.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BEDA3DEF2FB61F7277FDA8C9EB563412" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="DFF43CA3F4693736CF8D66102AE098E9" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Figure 105.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7353FBDCB92F82F41A72EFE263A956ED" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">Ungla argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="96BB5C059DFD26C46898D84DF077E8D6" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
): Male abdomen, (a, b) segments A6-terminus, lateral (c) tergites T8 and T9+ectoproct, dorsal (d) fused sternites S8+9, ventral (e) terminus, dorsal (f) callus cerci. inv invaginated dorsal cleft in T9+ectoproct sp spiracle s.p. setose subanal plate S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites T7 seventh tergite T8 eight tergite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct (Argentina; a, e, f
|
||
<normalizedToken id="36017430C60CED8DE7D230F6748EF95F" originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
|
||
, CAS; b, c, d Santiago del Estero, CAS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E619FC4B8CDC300E291043019F742598" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="84EE2F4EE4977C7657325C7600B4F8AE" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Figure 106.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79B682019A5D64BE6EAE5ECD39C19CEF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla argentina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">Ungla argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="17E4AE3A7816975AABD3308799099118" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
): Male genitalia, (a) gonarcus, frontodorsal, attached dorsally to abdominal terminus via very short membrane (b) gonarcus, membranous attachment to T9+ectoproct, lateral (c) gonarcus, lateral, with hypandrium internum, frontal (d) gonarcus, frontodorsal (e) gonarcus, dorsal (f) gonarcus, posterior (g) hypandrium internum, frontal. c comes g gonarcus g.ap. gonarcal apodeme g.br. gonarcal bridge gsac gonosaccus h.i. hypandrium internum mu mediuncus pr unarticulated process on frontal margin of apodeme s.p. setose subanal plate T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct (Argentina; a, b, g
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C9388DEEDC3C6F44BEBA3649DDC49285" originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
|
||
, CAS; c Catamarca, CAS; d, e, f Santiago del Estero, CAS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E772C47BAD444089642D9C5F64CB0C89" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="DCB1B923ACC95DE8A866E38EA8199778" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE5CC2BB72AB9E73BDEA7018D1250661" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">The clarity of the alternate white and dark markings on the wing veins is quite variable; white areas are often dull. Similarly, the size, shape, and prominence of the head and facial marks can also vary; occasionally the paired brown frontal marks are absent, but the mark on the vertex usually extends anteriorly between the scapes and onto the top of the frons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="926ED595F289AA082DFED0517CF2CDCF" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
We examined one particularly small male specimen (Argentina: La Rioja, Guadacol, 1-3 December 1983, Luis F. Pena, CAS) that, based on abdominal features, we believe is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="035C583B6EAE52377B85BB767554EF45" lsidName="U. argentina" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="argentina">U. argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, it expresses very unusual features: extensive regions of white on the transverse veins, many R-Rs crossveins missing (especially on the hindwing), and the presence of only one series of gradate veins (the distal series) on the hindwing. This specimen remains an enigma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44F0DC79DD4A36E311A9BF3806218C0D" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="larvae and biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E0F6B834333944CB489373A33633B73" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Larvae and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="495665C86FE47A3900166B95A454EAD0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E6A0400BE8F7CA03B0843B7EADB0B13" author="Monserrat, VJ" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="163 - 179" title="Contribucion al conocimiento de los crisopidos de Coquimbo, Patagonia y Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile) (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2005.v61.i2.18" volume="61" year="2005">Monserrat and Freitas (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported on some aspects of the developmental cycle and the third instar; most notably, they stated that the third instar carries debris, and eggs are laid in clusters. Unfortunately, voucher specimens for their study are not available. Thus, we cannot confirm the species identification for the report. Interestingly, the authors did not mention enlarged spiracles on the male abdomen (thus, this character could be consistent with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35048761512A758D033B5CDE9095B8FD" lsidName="U. argentina" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="argentina">U. argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, the report does not indicate that there were markings on the forewing longitudinal veins that are typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAC786B36C9794ADF2F595E49546203C" lsidName="U. argentina" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="argentina">U. argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, the identification of their specimens remains unconfirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7A3533DEF535151F99CCD2A95366B376" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="01CBFEFFB3259AF62EF96DD5ADD30BF9" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Known distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B4E6FC1FECDC6926B40AE0AB65F6EA20" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
ARGENTINA (northwest to central east): Provinces of Buenos Aires (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="694FD7351A0156926B8C9B7E801B8A6C" author="Monserrat, VJ" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="163 - 179" title="Contribucion al conocimiento de los crisopidos de Coquimbo, Patagonia y Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile) (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2005.v61.i2.18" volume="61" year="2005">Monserrat and Freitas 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Catamarca, La Rioja, Salta, Santiago del Estero,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5458709F9BF1298E4774D20F3757B3FC" originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="878D615BA6C6FE7ACFAFD507BD1C12B4" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="specimens studied">
|
||
<paragraph id="6031953B267E61E58DB606C57337F899" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Specimens studied</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AFA7D7AA98F6E3607C68860B8E2B2ADC" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
(in addition to type). Argentina. Catamarca:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="84AD1BAD8CFFBEC1E13B81E4E4C65625" originalValue="Andalgalá">Andalgala</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 24-XII-1971, D. J. Brothers, at light (1M, 1F, SEMC); Ruta 46, 12 Km. O de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D11E18C1890FD7952128472A3990E7C0" originalValue="Andalgalá">Andalgala</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 28-III-2005, J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="742682D53939AD5C2121914B4235CEEC" originalValue="Torréns">Torrens</normalizedToken>
|
||
y P. Fidalgo, at light (1F, FSCA). La Rioja: Famatina, 23-XI-1975, L. Stange (1F, IFML); Guadacol, 1-3-XII-1983, L. E. Pena (1M, 6F, CAS); Patquia, 600 m, XII-1957 (1F, CAS). Salta: Cafayate, 1.I.1972, D. J. Brothers, at light (1F, SEMC). Santiago del Estero: Choya, 9 - XI-1961 (1F, CAS); El Pinto, XII-1956 (2F, CAS); Fernandes, II-1957 (5F, 1M, CAS).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="401156E4C189816AA7B23D50A2B297D7" originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Amaicha, L. Stange, 20-XI-1966 (1M, FSCA); 11 km. W. Las Cejas, 15-VIII - 22-IX-1963, L. Stange (1M, FSCA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |