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<document id="A85583ED6D14767F5C45B0EE0B2F8F7C" ID-CLB-Dataset="51752" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4029.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85cd7166-7b23-496d-8b10-7f1dcf2c4d60" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="A625A5A9-EE80-45E0-A9BE-7A183B0996B1" checkinTime="1447441568197" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Robert A. Johnson" docDate="2015" docId="971D8786FFD8FF8F65D416E1D42F25B7" docLanguage="en" docName="29902.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4029 (1)" docTitle="Pogonomyrmex pencosensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="6B24FFFEFFE9FFB865431775D1342613" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1732675905917" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D1AC86E1059013D659D824B496C379ED">A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="19F3AB342B0AEEB4386825B6EE55B146" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DD6E0D16F9A18814BA9BB08332CAB2EE">Robert A. Johnson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BE5B246AF661619EB8880C5943DB72F8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="377A3C2801477383002A5B6FA41CE73A">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A0FC10B639941B15D1CAD1E7491068EE">4029</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1B816E1F3F8312ECBA4312EAFC215B8E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FD86DD87BC4A04E4759213BBAE7D6C6D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4029.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D23EA459ED1103EC077AB32086846C5C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="971D8786FFD8FF8F65D416E1D42F25B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115574" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114920433" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115574" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:971D8786FFD8FF8F65D416E1D42F25B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/971D8786FFD8FF8F65D416E1D42F25B7" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_genus="Pogonomyrmex" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFD8FF8965D416E1D3F827BE" box="[151,716,404,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD8FF8965D416E1D3F827BE" box="[151,716,404,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="444381FCFFD8FF8965D416E1D3F827BE" bold="true" box="[151,716,404,429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF8965D416E1D3F827BE" bold="true" box="[151,716,404,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF8965D416E1D33D27BE" bold="true" box="[151,521,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Pogogonomyrmex
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD8FF89643916E1D33D27BE" box="[378,521,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">pencosensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
NEW STATUS
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFD8FF8965D416C3D07E27DC" box="[151,330,438,463]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD8FF8965D416C3D07E27DC" box="[151,330,438,463]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
(
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFD8FF8965DC16C3D07627DC" box="[159,322,438,463]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 22" captionStart-1="FIGURE 23" captionStart-2="FIGURE 24" captionStartId-0="51.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-1="52.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-2="53.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox-0="[442,1137,193,1956]" captionTargetBox-1="[429,1152,193,1955]" captionTargetBox-2="[423,1157,193,1955]" captionTargetId-0="figure@51.[442,1145,193,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure@52.[429,1157,193,1956]" captionTargetId-2="figure@53.[423,1164,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId-0="51" captionTargetPageId-1="52" captionTargetPageId-2="53" captionText-0="FIGURE 22. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0178878). Photographs by Erin Prado from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-1="FIGURE 23. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel ergatoid queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0172682). Photographs by April Nobile from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-2="FIGURE 24. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel male: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0172683). Photographs by April Nobile from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figures 22–24</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFD8FF8965D4168AD43324DF" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD8FF8965D4168AD24C2463" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD8FF8965D4168AD3D22406" authority="Forel, 1914: 265" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="265" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,742,510,533]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cunicularius" subSpecies="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF8965D4168AD30D2407" box="[151,569,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pogonomyrmex cunicularius pencosensis</emphasis>
Forel, 1914: 265
</taxonomicName>
(worker, male). Syntypes examined: 24 workers, 1 ergatoid queen, 1 male [MHNG], 1 worker [MLPA], ARGENTINA, San Luis: Alto Pencoso, #1555 (Bruch leg.); Kusnezov, 1951: 251 (synonomy under
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD8FF89643D1549D0C92441" box="[382,509,572,594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF89643D1549D0C92441" box="[382,509,572,594]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">cunicularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; not confirmed here). See also Gallardo, 1932: 125, figs. 16, 17; Johnson, 2010: 169, fig. 1. MLPA worker here designated
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF896747152FD3AB2463" bold="true" box="[516,671,602,624]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">LECTOTYPE</emphasis>
[CASENT0217253].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD8FF8965D4150FD43324DF" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD8FF8965D4150FD260249C" authority="Forel, 1914: 267" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="267" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,852,633,655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="cunicularius" subSpecies="pencosensis" variety="dubia">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF8965D4150FD30E249C" box="[151,570,633,655]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pogonomyrmex cunicularius pencosensis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF89672F150CD391249C" box="[620,677,633,655]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">dubia</emphasis>
Forel, 1914: 267
</taxonomicName>
(worker) [UNAVAILABLE NAME]. Material examined: 1 worker [MHNG], 1 worker [MLPA], ARGENTINA, San Luis: Alto Pencoso (Bruch leg.); Kusnezov, 1951: 251 (material referred to
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD8FF8964DA15C2D30424DF" box="[409,560,694,716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF8964DA15C2D30424DF" box="[409,560,694,716]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. cunicularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; material herein referred to
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD8FF89660E15C2D2F124DF" box="[845,965,695,716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF89660E15C2D2F124DF" box="[845,965,695,716]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">pencosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). See also Gallardo, 1932: 128.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFD8FF8965D4158FD50F25D6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD8FF8965D4158FD50F25D6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF8965D4158FD0492501" bold="true" box="[151,381,761,786]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Worker. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Within the
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD8FF896748158FD3812502" box="[523,693,761,785]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF896748158FD3812502" box="[523,693,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. cunicularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, the combination of: (1) in profile, apex of petiolar node weakly rounded to angulate, (2) inferior propodeal spines acuminate, (3) superior propodeal spines long, length notably greater than distance between their bases, (4) first gastral tergum moderately coriarious, dull to weakly shining, (5) sculpturing on dorsum of promesonotum and posterior surface of petiolar node weak to moderately strong, rugae irregular to moderately rugoreticulate, (6) propodeal dorsum consistently transversely rugose, and (7) entire body concolorous tannish-red uniquely characterize this species (
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFD8FF8966FA14D8D51F25D6" box="[953,1067,941,965]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="51.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[442,1137,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[442,1145,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 22. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0178878). Photographs by Erin Prado from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF8966FA14D8D51F25D6" bold="true" box="[953,1067,941,965]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figure 22</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFD8FF8A658414A7D322208B" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD8FF89658414A7D3BB2246" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF89658414A7D04225FA" bold="true" box="[199,374,978,1001]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Measurements</emphasis>
—lectotype (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF89674E14A7D32F25FA" box="[525,539,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">n</emphasis>
= 12). HL 1.88 (1.79–2.27); HW 1.51 (1.57–1.95); MOD 0.30 (0.31–0.40); OMD 0.41 (0.44–0.63); SL 1.43 (1.35–1.85); PNW 0.95 (1.10–1.31); HFL 2.30 (2.21–2.78); ML 2.22 (2.30–2.82); PW 0.38 (0.39–0.47); PPW 0.54 (0.51–0.63). Indices: SI 94.70 (79.26–98.92); CI 80.32 (81.53–88.27); OI 19.87 (17.84–22.70); HFI 152.32 (130.85–151.38).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD8FF8965841314D50C23F1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD8FF8965841314D0592269" bold="true" box="[199,365,1121,1146]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Redescription</emphasis>
. Head elongate (CI = 80.32–88.27), widest immediately posterior to mandibles, narrowing posterior to eyes; posterior margin flat to weakly convex in full-face view. Cephalic dorsum with weak to moderately coarse, wavy to irregular longitudinal rugae to weakly rugoreticulate, rugae often weaker to indistinct near posterior margin; in full-face view, medial rugae diverging weakly toward posterior corners of head. Cephalic interrugae weakly to strongly granulate, dull to weakly shining. Vertex weakly to moderately rugose or granulate, dull to weakly shining. Anterior margin of clypeus flat; dorsal surface with at least several subparallel longitudinal or oblique rugae. Mandibles with six teeth; mandibular dorsum coarsely rugose. Eyes small, MOD ranging from 0.15–0.19x HL. In profile, eyes situated anterior to middle of head, OMD = 1.19–1.80x MOD. Antennal scapes long (SI = 79.26–98.92), surpassing vertex by less than length of first funicular segment; entire scape with longitudinal striae. Basal flange of scape well-developed with carinate margin. Psammophore poorly-developed, consisting of short to medium-length hairs scattered across ventral surface of head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD8FF8965841298D2B12136" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Promesonotal profile weakly convex, propodeum flat; all mesosomal surfaces with subparallel, irregular rugae to weakly rugoreticulate. In dorsal view, humeral shoulders of pronotum rounded. Dorsum of promesonotum with transverse or oblique, irregular rugae to rugoreticulate, weaker or mostly absent to weakly to moderately granulate on pronotal sides; mesopleura with irregular rugae that angle posterodorsally. Superior propodeal spines long, strongly tapered, acuminate, notably longer than width between their bases; spines connected by well-defined keel; irregular transverse rugae on propodeal dorsum traverse ventrally or anteroventrally on sides. Inferior propodeal spines well-developed, triangular, wider than high, with angulate to acuminate tip. Propodeal spiracles narrowly ovate facing posterad. Interrugae on mesosoma smooth to moderately granulate, weakly to strongly shining. Legs long (HFL = 2.21–2.78 mm), strongly coriarious to granulate, dull.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD8FF8A65841044D32226EB" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Peduncle of petiole about as long as petiolar node, anteroventral margin with an acuminate spine. In profile, petiolar node asymmetrical with anterior surface notably shorter than posterior surface; apex weakly rounded to angulate, usually weakly elevated above the flattened posterior surface of petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node about 1.5x longer than wide, widest near weakly to moderately acute anterior margin. Sides and posterior surface of petiolar node with irregular, transverse rugae, rugoreticulate, or granulate-punctate. Dorsum of postpetiole convex in profile; in dorsal view, widest near posterior margin, narrowing to anterior margin, slightly longer than wide, strongly granulate-punctate, dull to weakly shining. First gastral tergum moderately to strongly coriarious, dull to weakly shining.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDBFF8A65841670D08627C3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Erect to semi-erect yellowish pilosity moderately abundant on head, variable in length, longest hairs notably shorter than MOD. Moderately abundant suberect, yellowish pilosity on scape; abundant decumbent hairs on funicular segments. Legs with moderately abundant subdecumbent to decumbent white to yellowish setae. Mesosoma, petiolar node, postpetiole, and gastral terga with moderately dense, erect setae, mostly similar in length, longest hairs shorter than MOD. Body concolorous tannish-red, often with darker transverse bands on gastral terga (
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFDBFF8A647316C2D09627C3" box="[304,418,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="51.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[442,1137,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[442,1145,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 22. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0178878). Photographs by Erin Prado from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A647316C2D09627C3" bold="true" box="[304,418,439,464]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 22</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDBFF8A658416A9D5D22473" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A658416A9D33A27E7" bold="true" box="[199,526,476,500]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Ergatoid Queen. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This caste is diagnosed by: (1) ergatoid, with small ocelli on head, (2) in profile, petiolar node angulate, (3) inferior propodeal spines about as wide as high, acuminate, (4) first gastral tergum moderately coriarious, dull to weakly shining, and (5) sculpturing on dorsum of mesosoma and posterior surface of petiolar node weak to moderately coarse, rugae irregular to moderately rugoreticulate (
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFDBFF8A61271532D5E22473" box="[1124,1238,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[429,1152,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[429,1157,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel ergatoid queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0172682). Photographs by April Nobile from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A61271532D5E22473" bold="true" box="[1124,1238,583,608]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 23</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDBFF8A65841518D3E124DF" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A65841518D0422497" bold="true" box="[199,374,621,644]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Measurements</emphasis>
—(
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A64D81519D09D2497" box="[411,425,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">n</emphasis>
= 12). HL 2.24–2.58; HW 1.99–2.26; MOD 0.38–0.43; OMD 0.51–0.65; SL 1.70–1.91; PNW 1.27–1.50; HFL 2.45–2.86; ML 2.62–3.13; PW 0.45–0.57; PPW 0.68–0.82. Indices: SI 77.63–86.93; CI 85.78–92.41; OI 16.81–21.61; HFI 108.41–143.72.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDBFF8A658415A2D07E25FF" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A658415A2D06524E3" bold="true" box="[199,337,727,752]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Description</emphasis>
. Ergatoid, very similar to workers except for presence of ocelli on head and slightly larger size (HL = 2.24–2.58, HW = 1.99–2.26 for queens: HL = 1.79–2.27, HW = 1.57–1.95 for workers). In full-face view, head elongate (CI = 85.78–92.41), sides of head from mandible to lower eye margin parallel, usually slightly wider immediately behind eyes than posterior to mandibles, posterior margin flat. Cephalic dorsum with wavy to weakly irregular longitudinal rugae, interrugae moderately to strongly granulate-punctate, dull to weakly shining; vertex with weaker to faintly visible rugae, weakly shining to shining. Mandible with six teeth, dorsal surface coarsely rugose. Psammophore poorly-developed, consisting of short to medium-length hairs scattered across ventral surface of head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDBFF8A65841482D05F238F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Mesosomal segments fused, occasionally with weakly impressed promesonotal and/or mesoepinotal suture, lacking all morphological structures related to wings. All mesosomal surfaces with wavy to weakly irregular rugae. Superior propodeal spines long; spines longer than width between their bases; inferior propodeal spines welldeveloped, triangular, wider than high, with angulate to acuminate tip. Peduncle of petiole about as long as petiolar node, anteroventral margin with an acute spine-like process. In profile, petiolar node asymmetrical with anterior surface notably shorter than posterior surface, apex angulate. Posterior surface of petiolar node with wavy to moderately irregular transverse rugae; interrugae weakly punctate, weakly shining. Postpetiole convex in profile; in dorsal view, maximum width about equal to length; dorsum moderately to strongly granulate-punctate or with weak irregular, transverse to oblique rugae, dull to weakly shining. First gastral tergum moderately to strongly coriarious, dull to weakly shining. Most body surfaces with moderately abundant suberect to erect, short white to yellowish setae. Body concolorous tannish-red, gaster often slightly darker with one or more darker transverse bands (
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFDBFF8A65AB12F1D06E238F" box="[232,346,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[429,1152,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[429,1157,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel ergatoid queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0172682). Photographs by April Nobile from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A65AB12F1D06E238F" bold="true" box="[232,346,1412,1436]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 23</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDBFF8A658412DDD3D8203F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A658412DDD0BF23D3" bold="true" box="[199,395,1447,1472]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Male. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This caste is diagnosed by: (1) first gastral tergum lacking striae, (2) femur long (HFL&gt; 1.95 mm), HFI&gt; 135.0, (3) head weakly elongate (CI &lt;100.0), (4) posterior surface of petiolar node rugose to rugoreticulate, (5) superior propodeal spines consist of teeth to short spines, (6) in profile, petiolar node angulate to sharply angulate, and (7) notauli present (
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFDBFF8A67291161D3E8203F" box="[618,732,1556,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[423,1157,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[423,1164,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel male: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0172683). Photographs by April Nobile from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A67291161D3E8203F" bold="true" box="[618,732,1556,1580]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 24</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDBFF8A6584114DD322208B" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A6584114DD0422043" bold="true" box="[199,374,1592,1616]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Measurements</emphasis>
—(
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A64D8114DD09D2043" box="[411,425,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">n</emphasis>
= 12). HL 1.36–1.66; HW 1.10–1.44; MOD 0.50–0.62; OMD 0.18–0.33; SL 0.34–0.53; HFL 1.97–2.64; ML 2.37–3.25; PW 0.44–0.63; PPW 0.62–0.89. Indices: SI 29.50–41.09; CI 80.88–97.96; OI 38.85–45.74; HFI 136.81–195.56.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFDBFF8E658411D1D533226F" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDBFF8E658411D1D533226F" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A658411D1D24820AF" bold="true" box="[199,892,1700,1724]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Additional material examined. ARGENTINA:
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A67BE11D1D24820AF" bold="true" box="[765,892,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Catamarca</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: Jct Rts 46 &amp; 60, 2830’, Jan 17, 2006 (RAJC); Joyango, Dec 30, 1973 (LACM; USNM); Villa Vil, Feb 11, 1974 (LACM); Andagalá, Feb 10, 1945 (USNM); Chumbicha, no date (MACN); Rt 20 at 13.9 km SW Esquiú, 870’, Mar 21, 2015 (RAJC); Rt 20 at 20.6 km SW Esquiú, 850’, Mar 21, 2015 (RAJC); Rt 38 at 6.5 km SE Jct Rt 1, 2000’, Apr 9, 2015 (RAJC).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A61A1107AD472213B" bold="true" box="[1250,1350,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Córdoba</emphasis>
: Nono, 2940’, Jan 17, 2008 (RAJC); Rt 20 at 1.0 km N Nono, 2920’, Jan 23, 2006 (RAJC); Córdoba, Nov 20, 1948 (FML); Anisacate, no date (FML); 5 mi N Deán Funes, Feb 8, 1951 (CASC); 24 mi S El Recreo, Feb 9, 1951 (CASC); Rt 16 at 15.2 km N Chuña, 1670’, Mar 20, 2015 (RAJC); Rt 38 at 0.6 km S entrance to Catamarca, 1630’, Mar 22, 2015 (RAJC); Alta Gracia, Apr 1930 (MACN); Alta Gracia La Granja, Sierras de Córdoba, no date (USNM); no loc, no date (LACM; MACN; MCZ; MLPA).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A67D710B0D3C921CF" bold="true" box="[660,765,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Formosa</emphasis>
: Ingeniero Juárez, Mar 13, 1948 (FML).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDBFF8A618410B1D43D21CF" bold="true" box="[1223,1289,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Jujuy</emphasis>
: Palpalá, Jan 25, 1948 (FML).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E642217EDD0FC26A3" bold="true" box="[353,456,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">La Rioja</emphasis>
: 30.8 km E Jct Rts 5 &amp; 38, 1160’, Jan 21, 2006 (RAJC); 36.3 km E Jct Rts 5 &amp; 60, 1080’, Jan 21, 2006 (RAJC); Rt 38 at 11.5 km SW Jct Rt 60, 1300’, Mar 22, 2015 (RAJC); 4.2 km S Jct Rts 79 &amp; 73, 1620’, Jan 22, 2006 (RAJC); 4.3 km SE Jct Rts 5 &amp; 60, 960’, Jan 21, 2006 (RAJC); 47.0 km SE Jct Rts 5 &amp; 60, 850’, Jan 21, 2006 (RAJC); 96.8 km N Jct Rts 9 &amp; 38, 1750’, Jan 7, 2006 (RAJC); Rt 38 at 24.7 km N La Rioja, 1400’, Jan 7, 2006 (RAJC); Rt 38 at 15.8 km N Patquía, 1580’, Jan 20, 2006 (RAJC); 7.4 km N Jct Rts 38 &amp; 74, 1490’, Jan 15, 2010 (RAJC); Rt 38 at 8.1 km W of Córdoba-La Rioja border, 710’, Jan 14, 2010 (RAJC); Rt 40 at 1.3 km W Los Tambillos, 5240’, Jan 3, 2006 (RAJC); Rt 40 at 6.0 km N Chilecito, 3200’, Jan 3, 2006 (RAJC); Rt 40 at 11.3 km N Chilecito, 3230’, Feb 6, 2010 (RAJC); Rt 40 at 14.0 km N Chilecito, 3410’, Feb 4, 2010 (MCZ; RAJC); Rt 40 at 49.1 km S Pituil, 4270’, Jan 20, 2006 (RAJC); Rt 40 at 5.7 km SW Nonogasta, 3690’, Jan 3, 2006 (RAJC); Rt 73 at 83.8 km NE Chamical, 1110’, Jan 21, 2006 (RAJC); Rt 38 at 19.2 km NW Chamical, 1630’, Mar 22, 2015 (RAJC); Rt 79 at 30.1 km N Catuna, 1690’, Mar 19, 2105 (RAJC); Rt 79 at 14.2 km S Catuna, 1810’, Mar 19, 2015 (RAJC); Rt 79 at 34.6 km S Catuna, 2050’, Jan 22, 2006 (RAJC); Rt 79 at 6.9 km SE Ulapes, 1250’, Jan 22, 2006 (RAJC); Rt 79 at 95.0 km NE Jct Rt 38, 700’, Mar 23, 2015 (RAJC); Rt 40 at 30.0 km E Villa Unión, 4560’, Jan 3, 2006 (CASC; RAJC); no loc, no date (MACN).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E66161519D28A2497" bold="true" box="[853,958,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mendoza</emphasis>
: Rt 7 at 19.8 km E La Paz, 1520’, Jan 23, 2008 (RAJC); Rt 7 at 5.8 km W Desaguadero, 1530’, Dec 28, 2005 (RAJC).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E66B215FAD51824BB" bold="true" box="[1009,1068,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Salta</emphasis>
: 50 km NE Joaquín V Gonzáles, Mar 4, 1992 (LACM); San Bernardo, Jan 19, 1948 (FML); Osma, Jan 27, 1948 (FML); Pichanal, Nov 27, 1948 (FML).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E65B015A2D06F24E3" bold="true" box="[243,347,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">San Luis</emphasis>
: La Tranca, Feb 10, 2009 (RGPC); Portezuelo, Apr 16, 2009 (RGPC); 3.7 km SE Jct Rts 20 &amp; 147, 2380’, Dec 27, 2005 (RAJC); Rt 20 at 24.6 km NW Jct Rt 147, 1630’, Mar 16, 2015 (RAJC); La Punta, 2790’, Dec 27, 2005 (RAJC); Parque Nacional Sierra las Quijadas, 2610’ &amp; 2720’, Mar 6, 2005 (RAJC); Rt 20 at 38.8 km W Luján, 2030’, Dec 27, 2005 (RAJC); Rt 20 at 75.6 km W Luján, 1570’, Dec 27, 2005 (RAJC); Rt 7 at Alto Pencoso, 2330’, Dec 27, 2005 (MACN; RAJC); no loc, no date (MLPA); Rt 141 at 17.2 km E border with San Juan, Mar 17, 2015 (RAJC); Rt 141 at 30.8 km E Chepes, 1880’, Mar 18, 2015 (RAJC); Rt 79 at 4.2 km S Jct Rt 141, 1750’, Mar 19, 2015 (RAJC).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E676614DAD23C25DB" bold="true" box="[549,776,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Santiago del Estero</emphasis>
: Pampa de los Guanacos, 142 m, Apr 2009 (RAJC); Lago Muyo, Apr 1957 (LACM); Río Hondo, Jan 14, 1948 (FML).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E660814A6D28E25FF" bold="true" box="[843,954,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tucumán</emphasis>
: 9 km SSE Las Cejas, 330 m, Feb 4, 1995 (MCZ); Ticucho, Dpto Trancas, Dec 1, 1965 (MZUSP); Saladillo, no date (USNM); San Pedro de Colalao, no date (FML); Tapia-Trancas, Nov 19, 1998 (FML); Depto Leales, Mar 26, 1948 (FML); no loc, no date (USNM).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E65D4134AD0D6224B" bold="true" box="[151,482,1087,1112]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E65D4134AD0A5224B" bold="true" box="[151,401,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Locations not found</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E64E4134AD0D6224B" bold="true" box="[423,482,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Salta</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: Rt 34, no date (FML).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E6661134AD2A4224B" bold="true" box="[802,912,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tucumán</emphasis>
: Reserva Forestal, Mar 2–4, 1948 (FML).
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E65D41316D327226F" bold="true" box="[151,531,1123,1148]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E65D41316D0B2226F" bold="true" box="[151,390,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Questionable locales</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E64D71316D327226F" bold="true" box="[404,531,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Catamarca</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: Agudos, Feb 4, 1967 (MCZ) (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E66311316D2C2226F" bold="true" box="[882,1014,1123,1148]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFDFFF8E66311316D2D0226F" box="[882,996,1123,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="48.[151,249,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[408,1179,195,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[408,1179,195,1959]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 21. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr, (B) Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel, and (C) Pogonomyrmex serpens Santschi. The larger black circle in each panel (when present) denotes the type locality." pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figure 21</figureCitation>
B
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="4BCB6618FFDAFF8B65D410CFD54121FC" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[442,1137,193,1956]" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDAFF8B65D410CFD54121FC" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDAFF8B65D410CFD02B21C3" bold="true" box="[151,287,1978,2000]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
Photograph of
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDAFF8B64FE10CED22C21C3" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" box="[445,792,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDAFF8B64FE10CED3EF21C3" box="[445,731,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Pogonomyrmex pencosensis</emphasis>
Forel
</taxonomicName>
worker: (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDAFF8B663F10CFD2BA21C3" bold="true" box="[892,910,1978,2000]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A</emphasis>
) frontal view of head, (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDAFF8B61C310CED5A521C3" bold="true" box="[1152,1169,1979,2000]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B</emphasis>
) lateral view of body, and (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDAFF8B65DC10ACD18521FC" bold="true" box="[159,177,2009,2031]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C</emphasis>
) dorsal view of body (CASENT0178878). Photographs by Erin Prado from www.AntWeb.org.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4BCB6618FFDDFF8C65D410CFD5C621FC" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[429,1152,193,1955]" targetPageId="52">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDDFF8C65D410CFD5C621FC" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDDFF8C65D410CFD01521C3" bold="true" box="[151,289,1978,2000]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
Photograph of
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDDFF8C648710CED21521C3" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" box="[452,801,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDDFF8C648710CED3D021C3" box="[452,740,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Pogonomyrmex pencosensis</emphasis>
Forel
</taxonomicName>
ergatoid queen: (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDDFF8C669B10CFD2DF21C3" bold="true" box="[984,1003,1978,2000]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
) frontal view of head, (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDDFF8C61A710CED5C121C3" bold="true" box="[1252,1269,1979,2000]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
) lateral view of body, and (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDDFF8C644B10ACD02E21FC" bold="true" box="[264,282,2009,2031]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
) dorsal view of body (CASENT0172682). Photographs by April Nobile from www.AntWeb.org.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4BCB6618FFDCFF8D65D410CFD5BD21FC" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[423,1157,193,1955]" targetPageId="53">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDCFF8D65D410CFD5BD21FC" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDCFF8D65D410CFD01521C3" bold="true" box="[151,289,1978,2000]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
Photograph of
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDCFF8D648110CED22B21C3" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" box="[450,799,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDCFF8D648110CED3D621C3" box="[450,738,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Pogonomyrmex pencosensis</emphasis>
Forel
</taxonomicName>
male: (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDCFF8D662C10CFD2B621C3" bold="true" box="[879,898,1978,2000]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A</emphasis>
) frontal view of head, (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDCFF8D613910CED5BF21C3" bold="true" box="[1146,1163,1979,2000]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B</emphasis>
) lateral view of body, and (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDCFF8D65DC10ACD18521FC" bold="true" box="[159,177,2009,2031]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">C</emphasis>
) dorsal view of body (CASENT0172683). Photographs by April Nobile from www.AntWeb.org.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFDFFF8E658413FDD40422D7" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDFFF8E658413FDD40422D7" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E658413FDD07222B3" bold="true" box="[199,326,1160,1184]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet,
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E671713FDD3EE22B3" box="[596,730,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E671713FDD3EE22B3" box="[596,730,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">pencosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Latinization of Pencoso, and -
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E611613FDD5B922B3" box="[1109,1165,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ensis</emphasis>
= adjectival suffix for belonging to), refers to the syntype series being collected at Alto Pencoso, San Luis Province, Argentina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFDFFF8E658413BAD1DB213B" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDFFF8E658413BAD5942067" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E658413BAD07822FB" bold="true" box="[199,332,1231,1256]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E641113A5D3B722FB" box="[338,643,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosenis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E641113A5D3B722FB" box="[338,643,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pogonomyrmex pencosenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not known to co-occur with any other
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E610F13A5D5C722FB" box="[1100,1267,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E610F13A5D5C722FB" box="[1100,1267,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. cunicularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group species. However, additional collections may show it co-occurs with
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E66331381D529231F" box="[880,1053,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E66331381D24A231F" box="[880,894,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E66D11381D529231F" box="[914,1053,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">cunicularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E61221381D5E1231F" box="[1121,1237,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. s er pe n s</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E61AF1381D0292323" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E61AF1381D0292323" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pogonomyrmex pencosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E6709126DD3C52323" box="[586,753,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E6709126DD3C52323" box="[586,753,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. cunicularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the following characters: (1) petiolar node angulate in profile, (2) superior propodeal spines longer than distance between their bases, (3) inferior propodeal spines about as wide as high, acuminate, and (4) first gastral tergum coriarious, dull to weakly shining. In
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E61AE1215D4A1236B" box="[1261,1429,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E61AE1215D4A1236B" box="[1261,1429,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. cunicularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the petiolar node is rounded in profile, superior propodeal spines are shorter than the distance between their bases, inferior propodeal spines are wider than high, broadly rounded, and the first gastral tergum is smooth and polished, strongly shining.
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E641E12B9D3AF23F7" box="[349,667,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E641E12B9D3AF23F7" box="[349,667,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pogonomyrmex pencosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E66D812B9D53923F7" box="[923,1037,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E66D812B9D53923F7" box="[923,1037,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. serpens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the following characters: (1) sculpturing on dorsum of the mesosoma and posterior surface of petiolar node weak, rugae irregular to moderately rugoreticulate, and (2) body concolorous tannish-red. In
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E66E71161D522203F" box="[932,1046,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E66E71161D522203F" box="[932,1046,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. serpens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sculpturing on the dorsum of the mesosoma and posterior surface of petiolar node is coarse, rugoreticulate to vermiculate, and the body is bicolored with mesosoma and petiolar node orangish-brown to reddish-brown, the rest slightly lighter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDFFF8E658411F5D1DB213B" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
In describing
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E643311F5D314208B" box="[368,544,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E643311F5D314208B" box="[368,544,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. cunicularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
race
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E672F11F5D277208B" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" box="[620,835,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E672F11F5D3C6208B" box="[620,754,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">pencosensis</emphasis>
, Forel
</taxonomicName>
indicated it to be smaller and more slender, the sculpturing more dense, the head more dull, and the inferior propodeal spines longer and more acute than in
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E60C411D1D01F20F3" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E60C411D1D01320F3" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">P. cunicularius</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Indeed, workers and ergatoid queens of
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E665811BDD2F720F3" box="[795,963,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E665811BDD21D20F3" box="[795,809,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E667E11BDD2F720F3" box="[829,963,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">pencosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are morphologically distinct and easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E64371199D3292117" box="[372,541,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E64371199D3292117" box="[372,541,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. cunicularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E67151199D3FD2117" box="[598,713,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E67151199D3FD2117" box="[598,713,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. serpens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, I raise
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E662C1199D5262117" box="[879,1042,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E662C1199D5262117" box="[879,1042,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. pencosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from synonomy to rank as a valid species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFDFFF8F65841041D02B252B" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDFFF8F65841041D2A42753" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E65841041D012215F" bold="true" box="[199,294,1844,1868]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Biology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E646D1041D35F215F" box="[302,619,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E646D1041D35F215F" box="[302,619,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pogonomyrmex pencosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the more well-studied species of
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E61121041D434215F" box="[1105,1280,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E61121041D434215F" box="[1105,1280,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pogonomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Argentina. This species is a solitary forager that can travel&gt;25 m from the nest. Unlike most congeners,
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDFFF8E618A102DD45F2163" box="[1225,1387,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E618A102DD45F2163" box="[1225,1387,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. pencosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a scavenger, with insects (mostly dead ants) comprising most of the diet (62%), followed by seeds (22%), and plant parts (12%). Most harvested seeds are those produced by shrubs and trees in which the seed possesses an aril, elaisome, or other attractant body; this species is also a key disperser for the shrub
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDFFF8E61C210B1D47021CF" box="[1153,1348,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Japtropha excisa</emphasis>
, which produces myrmecochorous seeds with an elaisome (Aranda-Rickert &amp; Fracchia, 2011, 2012). Nests of
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDEFF8F60C417EDD02926C7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDEFF8F60C417EDD02926C7" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. pencosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be cryptic and lack a tumulus or they can have a pebble tumulus up to 25 cm in diameter, occasionally with a small chaff midden and a 2–3 cm nest entrance. Nests of
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDEFF8F66BB1795D5AD26EB" box="[1016,1177,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDEFF8F66BB1795D5AD26EB" box="[1016,1177,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. pencosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 10–30 chambers, reach a depth of 60–70 cm, and contain 500 to&gt;1000 workers along with&gt;100 ergatoid queens and numerous males (Aranda-Rickert &amp; Fracchia, 2012; R.A. Johnson, pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDEFF8F65841639D2F0240B" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDEFF8F65841639D3252777" box="[199,529,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penscosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDEFF8F65841639D3252777" box="[199,529,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pogonomyrmex penscosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is remarkable among species within phylogenetically advanced subfamilies of ants because the external morphology of the queen is virtually identical to that of workers, except that queens are slightly larger and they have ocelli and a weakly impressed promesonotal suture (
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFDEFF8F616D16E1D59427BF" box="[1070,1184,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[429,1152,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[429,1157,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel ergatoid queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0172682). Photographs by April Nobile from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDEFF8F616D16E1D59427BF" bold="true" box="[1070,1184,404,428]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figure 23</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
). Queens also possess 8–13 ovarioles compared to four in workers (see also Johnson, 2010). The morphological similarity between ergatoid queens and workers is also evidenced in that the Forel collection (MHNG) contained one syntype ergatoid queen that previous authors had presumably judged to be a large worker.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDEFF8F65841551D02B252B" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Sexuals have been collected from nests from 28 December to 6 February, and foundresses (or foraging ergatoid queens presumed to be foundresses) have been collected from 27 December to 21 January. The large number of ergatoid queens produced by colonies (&gt;100) suggests that queens use independent colony founding (see Peeters
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDEFF8F60CB1519D18024BB" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012), which is an unusual behavior for ergatoid queens (see Johnson, 2010). Additionally, one captured founding queen was semi-claustral (it foraged) and haplometrotic. Ergatoid queens also have been observed foraging outside the nest, but reproductive status was not determined for these individuals (see Johnson, Holbrook, Strehl, &amp; Gadau, 2007). Additional research should examine mating, reproductive, and nest founding behavior of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFDEFF8F65841431D42F25B7" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFDEFF8F65841431D42F25B7" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFDEFF8F65841431D330254F" box="[199,516,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDEFF8F65841431D330254F" box="[199,516,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pogonomyrmex pencosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits sites at elevations from 140–1590 m. This species is common in the Dry Chaco ecoregion, but it also occurs in the Humid Chaco, central portions of the High Monte Desert, and along the northeastern edge of the Low Monte Desert ecoregions as defined by Olson
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDEFF8F66AF14F9D51125B7" box="[1004,1061,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
(2001) (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFDEFF8F61C514F9D43F25B7" bold="true" box="[1158,1291,908,932]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFDEFF8F61C514F9D5CC25B7" box="[1158,1272,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="48.[151,249,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[408,1179,195,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[408,1179,195,1959]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 21. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr, (B) Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel, and (C) Pogonomyrmex serpens Santschi. The larger black circle in each panel (when present) denotes the type locality." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figure 21</figureCitation>
B
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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