364 lines
47 KiB
XML
364 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="43A61F8FE48FF8E1F2042155FEC425D5" ID-CLB-Dataset="51752" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4029.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85cd7166-7b23-496d-8b10-7f1dcf2c4d60" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="A625A5A9-EE80-45E0-A9BE-7A183B0996B1" checkinTime="1447441568197" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Robert A. Johnson" docDate="2015" docId="971D8786FFD5FFFB65D4158FD2C02323" docLanguage="en" docName="29902.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4029 (1)" docTitle="Pogonomyrmex bispinosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="6B24FFFEFFE9FFB865431775D1342613" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1732675905917" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="ADC5E69EA9E1E06B36B832BB55B8A509">A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="99D5DA0B88A4E49C476B994FD14E4C97" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="10FE5620CB48D5D2291799E5CB38B9A6">Robert A. Johnson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0AA2CF7F0FF1037EB7AB265177A0DE11">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4247D13F66CC4A32DC86D69E773FDB19">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2C6388E5A10A1469DA568867AC310119">4029</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CCB01315DA6A3B68698F6E583CC15091" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4029.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="971D8786FFD5FFFB65D4158FD2C02323" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115580" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114920417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115580" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:971D8786FFD5FFFB65D4158FD2C02323" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/971D8786FFD5FFFB65D4158FD2C02323" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFD5FF8465D4158FD0EF2507" box="[151,475,762,788]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD5FF8465D4158FD0EF2507" box="[151,475,762,788]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="444381FCFFD5FF8465D4158FD0EF2507" bold="true" box="[151,475,762,788]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD5FF8465D4158FD0EF2507" ID-CoL="6VSM6" box="[151,475,762,788]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF8465D4158FD0EF2507" bold="true" box="[151,475,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Pogonomyrmex bispinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFD5FF8465D41468D07E2526" box="[151,330,797,821]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD5FF8465D41468D07E2526" box="[151,330,797,821]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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(
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<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFD5FF8465DC1468D0762526" box="[159,322,797,821]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 27" captionStart-1="FIGURE 28" captionStart-2="FIGURE 29" captionStart-3="FIGURE 30" captionStartId-0="61.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-1="62.[151,249,1607,1629]" captionStartId-2="64.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-3="65.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox-0="[436,1146,193,1956]" captionTargetBox-1="[314,1262,193,1575]" captionTargetBox-2="[376,1204,193,1955]" captionTargetBox-3="[380,1197,193,1955]" captionTargetId-0="figure@61.[436,1151,193,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure@62.[314,1273,193,1585]" captionTargetId-2="figure@64.[376,1211,193,1956]" captionTargetId-3="figure@65.[380,1207,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId-0="61" captionTargetPageId-1="62" captionTargetPageId-2="64" captionTargetPageId-3="65" captionText-0="FIGURE 27. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola) worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0281087). Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-1="FIGURE 28. Photograph from posterior margin of head looking down over cephalic dorsum: (A) Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola) — black arrows show enlarged frontal lobes with convex lateral margins projecting from cephalic dorsum at a strong vertical orientation (CASENT 0281087), and (B) Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr—red arrows show frontal lobes not enlarged with lateral margins mostly subparallel and projecting nearly parallel to cephalic dorsum (CASENT 0914810). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-2="FIGURE 29. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola) ergatoid queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (LACMENT 273679). Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-3="FIGURE 30. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola) male: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (LACMENT 273583). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figures 27–30</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFD5FF8465D41410D3B425E5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD5FF8465D41410D35225AB" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD5FF8465D41410D0BF2568" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" box="[151,395,869,891]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Atta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF8465D41410D0012568" box="[151,309,869,891]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Atta bispinosus</emphasis>
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Spinola
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF8464D71413D09C2568" box="[404,424,870,891]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">in</emphasis>
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Gay, 1851: 244. Neotype worker [ANTWEB1008879] by present designation [LACM]. CHILE, Valparaíso: Petorca Province, 3 km N Zapallar, 28 October 1972, J.H. Hunt, #952 (previous holotype worker from CHILE, Santa Rosa, presumed lost or destroyed).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD5FF8465D414B7D3B425E5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD5FF8465D414B7D32025C4" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" box="[151,532,961,983]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF8465D414B7D09D25C4" box="[151,425,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Pogonomyrmex bispinosus</emphasis>
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(Spinola)
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</taxonomicName>
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: Mayr, 1870: 971. First combination in
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<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD5FF8466FB14B7D56325C4" box="[952,1111,962,983]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF8466FB14B7D56325C4" box="[952,1111,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Pogonomyrmex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. See also Gallardo, 1932: 130; Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 75, figs. 24, 27, 28.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFD5FF8465D41356D5B922D8" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD5FF8465D41356D5B922D8" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF8465D41356D36A2228" bold="true" box="[151,606,1058,1083]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Workers associated with the neotype:</emphasis>
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(7 workers) same data as neotype.
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF8466B91357D5592228" bold="true" box="[1018,1133,1058,1083]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Within the
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<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD5FF8461BD1356D4A72228" box="[1278,1427,1058,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF8461BD1356D4A72228" box="[1278,1427,1058,1083]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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- group, the combination of: (1) superior propodeal spines well-developed, (2) larger (HW = 1.75–2.05 mm), (3) body concolorous tannish-brown to reddish-brown, (4) in frontal view and from posterior margins of head looking down over cephalic dorsum, frontal lobes enlarged, lateral margins convex, projecting at a strong vertical orientation relative to cephalic dorsum uniquely characterize this species (
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<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFD5FF84669513C7D54822D8" box="[982,1148,1202,1227]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 27" captionStart-1="FIGURE 28" captionStartId-0="61.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-1="62.[151,249,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox-0="[436,1146,193,1956]" captionTargetBox-1="[314,1262,193,1575]" captionTargetId-0="figure@61.[436,1151,193,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure@62.[314,1273,193,1585]" captionTargetPageId-0="61" captionTargetPageId-1="62" captionText-0="FIGURE 27. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola) worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0281087). Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-1="FIGURE 28. Photograph from posterior margin of head looking down over cephalic dorsum: (A) Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola) — black arrows show enlarged frontal lobes with convex lateral margins projecting from cephalic dorsum at a strong vertical orientation (CASENT 0281087), and (B) Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr—red arrows show frontal lobes not enlarged with lateral margins mostly subparallel and projecting nearly parallel to cephalic dorsum (CASENT 0914810). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF84669513C7D54822D8" bold="true" box="[982,1148,1202,1227]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figures 27–28</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFD5FF87658413A2D32020A2" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD5FF84658413A2D3472348" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF84658413A2D04222FD" bold="true" box="[199,374,1239,1262]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Measurements</emphasis>
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—neotype (
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF8464B813A2D33D22FD" box="[507,521,1239,1262]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
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= 11). HL 1.90 (1.67–2.00); HW 1.88 (1.75–2.05); MOD 0.38 (0.32–0.40); OMD 0.40 (0.36–0.45); SL 1.50 (1.27–1.48); PNW 1.15 (1.06–1.27); HFL 1.79 (1.59–1.98); ML 1.96 (1.86–2.17); PW 0.47 (0.46–0.54); PPW 0.68 (0.60–0.74). Indices: SI 79.79 (67.32–77.47); CI 98.95 (97.47–105.59); OI 20.21 (15.61–20.21); HFI 95.21 (84.13–100.00).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD5FF8465841213D5D3213C" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD5FF8465841213D059236C" bold="true" box="[199,365,1382,1407]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Redescription</emphasis>
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. Head subquadrate to quadrate (CI = 97.47–105.59), widest just posterior to eyes; posterior margin flat to weakly concave in full-face view. Longitudinal rugae on cephalic dorsum prominent, wavy to irregular; in full-face view, medial rugae diverging weakly toward posterior corners of head. In profile, rugae posterior to eyes converging near vertex. Cephalic interrugae strongly granulate-punctate, dull to weakly shining; vertex rugose. In frontal view and from posterior margins of head looking down over cephalic dorsum, frontal lobes enlarged, lateral margins convex, projecting at a strong vertical orientation relative to cephalic dorsum. Anterior margin of clypeus concave; lateral lobes with broad, blunt, sometimes inconspicuous tooth-like process below each antennal socket; dorsal surface with several subparallel, longitudinal rugae. Mandible with six teeth; mandibular dorsum coarsely rugose. MOD ranging from 0.16-21x HL. In profile, eyes situated slightly anterior to middle of head, OMD = 1.00–1.30x MOD. Antennal scapes moderately long (SI = 67.32–79.79), failing to reach vertex by length of basal funicular segment; base of scape flattened dorsoventrally, ventral surface widened at base with moderately well-developed inferior basal flange, margin of flange weakly carinate; entire scape with weak longitudinal striae, moderately granulate-punctate, weakly shining. Psammophore well-developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD5FF866584104FD4BF2152" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Mesosomal profile weakly convex; all mesosomal surfaces with prominent irregular rugae to rugoreticulate. Dorsum of pronotum with irregular, transverse rugae to rugoreticulate, pronotal sides rugoreticulate or with coarse, irregular rugae traversing posteroventrally; dorsum of mesonotum and propodeum with irregular longitudinal rugae, irregular rugae on mesopleura longitudinal or traversing posterodorsally. Interrugae on mesosoma weakly to strongly granulate, dull to weakly shining. Superior propodeal spines moderately well-developed, length about 0.6–0.8x distance between their bases. Inferior propodeal spines poorly-developed, consisting of a broadly rounded process. Propodeal spiracles narrowly ovate facing posterad. Legs weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining.</paragraph>
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<caption id="4BCB6618FFD4FF8565D410CFD5DF21FC" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[436,1146,193,1956]" targetPageId="61">
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD4FF8565D410CFD5DF21FC" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD4FF8565D410CFD01421C3" bold="true" box="[151,288,1978,2000]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
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Photograph of
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<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD4FF85648210CED20C21C3" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" box="[449,824,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD4FF85648210CED3E621C3" box="[449,722,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Pogonomyrmex bispinosus</emphasis>
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(Spinola)
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</taxonomicName>
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worker: (
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD4FF8566DD10CFD28521C3" bold="true" box="[926,945,1978,2000]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">A</emphasis>
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) frontal view of head, (
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD4FF8561E410CED58C21C3" bold="true" box="[1191,1208,1979,2000]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">B</emphasis>
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) lateral view of body, and (
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD4FF85658910ACD1E821FC" bold="true" box="[202,220,2009,2031]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C</emphasis>
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) dorsal view of body (CASENT0281087). Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www.AntWeb.org.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="4BCB6618FFD7FF8665D41132D3DC20CB" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[314,1262,193,1575]" targetPageId="62">
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD7FF8665D41132D3DC20CB" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD7FF8665D41132D014204E" bold="true" box="[151,288,1607,1629]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
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Photograph from posterior margin of head looking down over cephalic dorsum: (A)
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<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD7FF8661C8113DD1C6206F" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD7FF8661C8113DD4A8204E" box="[1163,1436,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Pogonomyrmex bispinosus</emphasis>
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(Spinola)
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</taxonomicName>
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—black arrows show enlarged frontal lobes with convex lateral margins projecting from cephalic dorsum at a strong vertical orientation (CASENT0281087), and (B)
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<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD7FF8667E111F0D2E72089" box="[674,979,1669,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uruguayensis">
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<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD7FF8667E111F0D2E72089" box="[674,979,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Mayr—red arrows show frontal lobes not enlarged with lateral margins mostly subparallel and projecting nearly parallel to cephalic dorsum (CASENT0914810). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD7FF8765841039D37C26E5" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Peduncle of petiole about 0.8x as long as petiolar node, anteroventral margin with poorly to well-developed rounded process. In profile, petiolar node asymmetrical with anterior surface shorter than posterior surface; apex broadly rounded. In dorsal view, petiolar node longer than wide, widest near spatulate anterior margin. Posterior surface of petiolar node with weak to coarse, irregular, longitudinal, oblique, or transverse rugae to rugoreticulate; interrugae on all surfaces weakly to moderately granulate-punctate, weakly shining. Dorsum of postpetiole convex in profile; in dorsal view, widest near posterior margin, narrowing to anterior margin, maximal width usually greater than length, weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining. First gastral tergum moderately coriarious, weakly shining to smooth and shining.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD6FF8765841674D55627DB" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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Erect whitish to cream colored pilosity moderately abundant on head, short and similar in length, usually longer along posterior margin; longest hairs not exceeding MOD. Moderately abundant erect to semidecumbent pilosity on scape; abundant decumbent hairs on funicular segments. Legs with moderately abundant, long, semidecumbent, whitish to cream colored setae. Mesosoma, petiolar node, postpetiole, first gastral tergum with moderately dense, erect, whitish to cream colored setae, often similar in length, longest hairs approaching to exceeding MOD. Body concolorous tannish-brown to reddish-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFD6FF8766E816DAD56627DB" box="[939,1106,431,456]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 27" captionStart-1="FIGURE 28" captionStartId-0="61.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-1="62.[151,249,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox-0="[436,1146,193,1956]" captionTargetBox-1="[314,1262,193,1575]" captionTargetId-0="figure@61.[436,1151,193,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure@62.[314,1273,193,1585]" captionTargetPageId-0="61" captionTargetPageId-1="62" captionText-0="FIGURE 27. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola) worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0281087). Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-1="FIGURE 28. Photograph from posterior margin of head looking down over cephalic dorsum: (A) Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola) — black arrows show enlarged frontal lobes with convex lateral margins projecting from cephalic dorsum at a strong vertical orientation (CASENT 0281087), and (B) Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr—red arrows show frontal lobes not enlarged with lateral margins mostly subparallel and projecting nearly parallel to cephalic dorsum (CASENT 0914810). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF8766E816DAD56627DB" bold="true" box="[939,1106,431,456]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figures 27–28</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD6FF87658416A7D1F724CC" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF87658416A7D33927F8" bold="true" box="[199,525,466,491]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Ergatoid Queen. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This caste is diagnosed by: (1) ergatoid, with small ocelli on head and mesosoma lacking all morphological structures related to wings, (2) in dorsal view, pronotum large, well-developed; mesoscutum poorly-developed, anterior margin barely surpassing humeral shoulders of pronotum, (3) superior propodeal spines well-developed, length greater than 0.6x distance between their bases, (4) inferior spines welldeveloped, wider than tall, broadly rounded, (5) in dorsal view, petiolar node globular, anterior margin broadly rounded, (6) in dorsal view, postpetiole notably wider than long, (7) rugae on dorsum of postpetiole lacking or faint to weak, rarely crossing entire surface, and (8) body mostly concolorous tannish-brown to reddish-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFD6FF87600E15D1D18724CC" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="64.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[376,1204,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[376,1211,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 29. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola) ergatoid queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (LACMENT 273679). Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF87600E15D1D18724CC" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 29</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD6FF876584159FD3E7255B" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF876584159FD0422511" bold="true" box="[199,374,746,770]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
—(
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF8764D8159FD09D2511" box="[411,425,746,770]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). HL 2.27–2.29; HW 2.43–2.57; MOD 0.38–0.46; OMD 0.54–0.55; SL 1.61–1.61; PNW 1.40–1.52; HFL 2.06–2.08; ML 2.85–2.83; PW 0.77–0.79; PPW 1.06–1.09. Indices: SI 62.65–62.65; CI 106.11–113.22; OI 14.79–18.93; HFI 80.93–84.77.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD6FF8765841427D0262209" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF8765841427D0652578" bold="true" box="[199,337,850,875]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Ergatoid, with small ocelli on head. In full-face view, head slightly wider to wider than long (CI = 106.11–113.22), widest just posterior to eyes, posterior margin weakly concave. Longitudinal rugae on cephalic dorsum prominent, wavy to irregular; in full-face view, medial rugae diverging weakly toward posterior corners of head; vertex weakly to moderately rugose; interrugae on cephalic dorsum and vertex weakly to moderately granulate-punctate, weakly shining. Mandible with six teeth, dorsal surface coarsely rugose. Psammophore welldeveloped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD6FF8765841351D0DD23AE" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Mesosomal segments largely fused, lacking all morphological structures related to wings. In dorsal view, pronotum large, well-developed; mesoscutum poorly-developed, anterior margin barely surpassing humeral shoulders of pronotum. All mesosomal surfaces with subparallel, regular, wavy, or irregular rugae; interrugae weakly to moderately granulate-punctate, weakly shining; propodeum with well-developed superior and inferior spines; inferior spines wider than tall, broadly rounded. Peduncle of petiole about 0.8x as long as petiolar node, anteroventral margin with weak process. In profile, petiolar node asymmetrical with anterior surface notably shorter than posterior surface, apex subangulate to rounded. In dorsal view, petiolar node globular, posterior surface with irregular rugae, interrugae weakly to moderately granulate-punctate, weakly shining. In dorsal view, postpetiole wider than long; dorsum with faint to weak irregular rugae, moderately granulate-punctate, weakly shining. First gastral tergum weakly coriarious, weakly shining to smooth and shining. Most body surfaces with moderately abundant suberect to erect, medium-length, white to yellowish setae. Body concolorous tannish-brown to reddish-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFD6FF87642412D1D0ED23AE" box="[359,473,1444,1469]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="64.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[376,1204,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[376,1211,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 29. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola) ergatoid queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (LACMENT 273679). Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF87642412D1D0ED23AE" bold="true" box="[359,473,1444,1469]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 29</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD6FF87658412BDD1F7205B" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF87658412BDD0A623F3" bold="true" box="[199,402,1479,1504]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Male. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This caste is diagnosed by: (1) first gastral tergum lacking striae, (1) in dorsal view, anteromedial surface of petiolar node and usually apex weakly to strongly concave, (2) dorsum of postpetiole with weak longitudinal rugae, (3) transverse rugae usually present between frontal lobes, and (4) notauli present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFD6FF87600E1178D187205B" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="65.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[380,1197,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[380,1207,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 30. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola) male: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (LACMENT 273583). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF87600E1178D187205B" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 30</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD6FF8765841121D32020A2" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF8765841121D0422078" bold="true" box="[199,374,1620,1643]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
—(
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF8764D81126D09D2078" box="[411,425,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6). HL 1.37–1.63; HW 1.41–1.71; MOD 0.46–0.55; OMD 0.20–0.27; SL 0.41–0.51; HFL 1.82–2.13; ML 2.41–2.71; PW 0.50–0.65; PPW 0.69–0.86. Indices: SI 26.28–32.00; CI 102.92–107.24; OI 31.58–34.67; HFI 114.47–132.62.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFD6FF87658411C9D0CE21FF" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFD6FF87658411C9D0CE21FF" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF87658411C9D26020C7" bold="true" box="[199,852,1724,1748]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Additional material examined. CHILE:
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF8767FD11C9D26020C7" bold="true" box="[702,852,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Metropolitan</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: El Coipo, Jan 12, 1968 (LACM; MNHN); Río Maipo, El Peumo, Nov 1951 & Nov 23, 1967 (LACM; MNHN); Quebrada el Peumo, Nov 21, 1966 (LACM; MNHN); Cajon el Maipo, Dec 15–18, 1969 & Sept 23, 2000 & no date (LACM; MNHN); San José de Maipo, Jan 25–29, 1970 (MNHN); El Manzano, Dec 1, 1966 (LACM; MNHN); El Canelo, Dec 15, 1954 & Jan 9, 1967 (LACM; MNHN); Fundo Santa Laura near Cuesta de la Dormida, Dec 2, 1972 (LACM); Cerro Manquehue, Dec 1997 (MNHN); El Peñón, Dec 8, 1952 (MNHN).
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF876791101FD2792190" bold="true" box="[722,845,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Valparaíso</emphasis>
|
||
: 10 km E Papudo, Nov 28, 1950 (CASC); Viña del Mar, no date (MSNG); Laguna Verde, Dec 13, 2001 (RAJC; UCDC); Los Molles, Oct 26, 1971 (MNHN); Santa Rosa (= Santa Rosa del Los Andes), not examined (syntype from Spinola description).
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF87613010C5D40A21DA" bold="true" box="[1139,1342,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Region
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFD6FF87618E10C5D40A21DA" box="[1229,1342,1968,1993]" family="Polemoniaceae" genus="Unknown" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Pantae" order="Polemoniales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="genus">Unknown</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: no loc, no date (USNM) (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFD6FF87642010A6D0DD21FF" bold="true" box="[355,489,2003,2028]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFD6FF87642010A6D0E021FF" box="[355,468,2003,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="66.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[408,1175,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@66.[408,1179,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 31. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola), (B) Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel, and (C) Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr. The larger black circle in each panel (when present) denotes the type locality." pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="4BCB6618FFA9FFF865D410CFD40721FC" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[376,1204,193,1955]" targetPageId="64">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFA9FFF865D410CFD40721FC" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFA9FFF865D410CFD02B21C3" bold="true" box="[151,287,1978,2000]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
|
||
Photograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFA9FFF864FE10CED20721C3" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" box="[445,819,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFA9FFF864FE10CED3FA21C3" box="[445,718,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Pogonomyrmex bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Spinola)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ergatoid queen: (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFA9FFF866A610CFD2C321C3" bold="true" box="[997,1015,1978,2000]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">A</emphasis>
|
||
) frontal view of head, (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFA9FFF861AA10CED5CE21C3" bold="true" box="[1257,1274,1979,2000]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">B</emphasis>
|
||
) lateral view of body, and (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFA9FFF8644B10ACD02E21FC" bold="true" box="[264,282,2009,2031]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C</emphasis>
|
||
) dorsal view of body (LACMENT273679). Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www.AntWeb.org.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4BCB6618FFA8FFF965D410CFD5F021FC" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[380,1197,193,1955]" targetPageId="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFA8FFF965D410CFD5F021FC" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFA8FFF965D410CFD02B21C3" bold="true" box="[151,287,1978,2000]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 30.</emphasis>
|
||
Photograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFA8FFF964FF10CED20521C3" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" box="[444,817,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFA8FFF964FF10CED3F821C3" box="[444,716,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Pogonomyrmex bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Spinola)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male: (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFA8FFF9663D10CFD2A521C3" bold="true" box="[894,913,1978,2000]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">A</emphasis>
|
||
) frontal view of head, (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFA8FFF961C210CED5A621C3" bold="true" box="[1153,1170,1979,2000]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">B</emphasis>
|
||
) lateral view of body, and (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFA8FFF965DC10ACD18521FC" bold="true" box="[159,177,2009,2031]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
|
||
) dorsal view of body (LACMENT273583). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4BCB6618FFABFFFA65D410CFD42F21FC" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[408,1175,193,1956]" targetPageId="66">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFABFFFA65D410CFD42F21FC" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFABFFFA65D410CFD02B21C3" bold="true" box="[151,287,1978,2000]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 31.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic distribution of: (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFABFFFA670A10CFD36F21C3" bold="true" box="[585,603,1978,2000]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFABFFFA672910CED2D521C3" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" box="[618,993,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFABFFFA672910CED24E21C3" box="[618,890,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Pogonomyrmex bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Spinola)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFABFFFA66B710CED53121C3" bold="true" box="[1012,1029,1979,2000]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFABFFFA615710CED47721C3" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" box="[1044,1347,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFABFFFA615710CED43121C3" box="[1044,1285,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Pogonomyrmex inermis</emphasis>
|
||
Forel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFABFFFA60C210CFD4A021C3" bold="true" box="[1409,1428,1978,2000]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFABFFFA65D410AFD30721FC" authority="Mayr. The" authorityName="Mayr. The" box="[151,563,2009,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uruguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFABFFFA65D410AFD0F721FC" box="[151,451,2010,2031]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
Mayr. The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larger black circle in each panel (when present) denotes the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFAAFFFB658417EDD44726C7" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFAAFFFB658417EDD44726C7" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB658417EDD07A26A3" bold="true" box="[199,334,152,176]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The naming of this species apparently refers to the two well-developed superior propodeal spines, which Spinola described as two dorsal spines, straight and equally vertical, slightly in front of posterior border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFAAFFFB658417AAD45B224B" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFAAFFFB658417AAD512279B" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB658417AAD07826EB" bold="true" box="[199,332,223,248]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB64111795D34B26EB" box="[338,639,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB64111795D34B26EB" box="[338,639,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pogonomyrmex bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to Chile, and it is distinguished from all Chilean congeners by: (1) well-developed psammophore, (2) first gastral tergum lacks striae, (3) dorsum of postpetiole lacks transverse striae, (4) body concolorous tannish-brown to reddish-brown, and (5) in frontal view and from posterior margins of head looking down over cephalic dorsum, the frontal lobes are enlarged and the lateral margins are convex, projecting at a strong vertical orientation relative to the cephalic dorsum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFAAFFFB65B616E1D5CF242F" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Spinola (1851) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB675A16E1D39827BF" box="[537,684,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB675A16E1D39827BF" box="[537,684,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from one worker that was collected at Santa Rosa, Chile (= Santa Rosa de los Andes, Valparaíso Region), and from sexuals (queens and males) taken during a mating flight at Tucapel, Chile. Emery (1906) believed the worker and sexuals were different species, and he assigned the sexuals as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB65F51575D0EB240B" box="[182,479,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bispinosus" variety="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB65F51575D1F0240B" box="[182,196,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB6590168AD07D240B" box="[211,329,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB64C3168AD0EB240B" box="[384,479,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I concur with Emery (1906) that the queens and males described by Spinola (1851) are not conspecific with workers; the sexuals are in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB66461551D2B1242F" box="[773,901,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB66461551D2B1242F" box="[773,901,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. rastratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group and are not treated herein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFAAFFFB65841532D01225B7" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB6417153DD0D32473" box="[340,487,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB6417153DD0D32473" box="[340,487,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not located during this study and it is presumably lost or destroyed. However, salient features of the present species correspond with the description by Spinola (1851): (1) entirely ferruginous red, (2) dorsum of postpetiole strongly punctate (lacking transverse rugae), and (3) first gastral tergum smooth and shining. In combination, these characters uniquely characterize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB66C915C1D51624DF" box="[906,1058,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB66C915C1D2A324DF" box="[906,919,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB66EF15C1D51624DF" box="[940,1058,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all Chilean congeners. In addition, all material examined during this study was from the Metropolitan and Valparaíso Regions, which meets the geographical criteria for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB64AF1589D3B72507" box="[492,643,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB64AF1589D3B72507" box="[492,643,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Snelling & Hunt (1975) also identified these same workers as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB60C41589D039252B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB60C41589D039252B" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listing diagnostic characters as: (1) dorsum of postpetiole punctate and lacking transverse striae, and (2) scape thickened near the base. Moreover, Spinola’s description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB66961431D545254F" box="[981,1137,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB66961431D545254F" box="[981,1137,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with absence of morphologically similar congeners in Chile, leave no doubt as to the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB615D141DD5842593" box="[1054,1200,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB615D141DD5842593" box="[1054,1200,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also Snelling & Hunt, 1975).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFAAFFFB658414DAD45B224B" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The three examined queens were not collected with workers but correspond with workers in several respects: (1) concolorous dark ferruginous red-orange to reddish-brown, (2) first gastral tergum smooth and shining, (3) dorsum of the postpetiole lacking transverse rugae, and (4) geographic proximity to worker collections. Males were collected with queens at one site, and these males undoubtedly are those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB66AB1369D54E2227" box="[1000,1146,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB66AB1369D54E2227" box="[1000,1146,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given their large size and smooth, shining first gastral tergum. Snelling & Hunt (1975) also determined these sexuals to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB61951335D45C224B" box="[1238,1384,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB61951335D45C224B" box="[1238,1384,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFAAFFFB65841311D27322D7" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFAAFFFB65841311D27322D7" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB65841311D012226F" bold="true" box="[199,294,1124,1148]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Nothing is known about the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB67BE1311D2A5226F" box="[765,913,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB67BE1311D2A5226F" box="[765,913,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
other than that males and/or ergatoid queens have been collected from 21 November to 29 January. It would be fruitful to study mating and colony founding behavior of this species given that they have ergatoid queens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFAAFFFB658413A5D2C02323" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFAAFFFB658413A5D2C02323" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFAAFFFB658413A5D0C822FB" box="[199,508,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB658413A5D0C822FB" box="[199,508,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pogonomyrmex bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from central portions of Chile (Valparaíso and Metropolitan Regions) at elevations estimated to range from sea level to>1000 m in the Valdivian Temperate Forests and Chilean Matorral ecoregions as defined by Olson
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB6787126DD3C12323" box="[708,757,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001) (
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFAAFFFB661D1262D2D02323" bold="true" box="[862,996,1303,1328]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFAAFFFB661D1262D2FB2323" box="[862,975,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="66.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[408,1175,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@66.[408,1179,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 31. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola), (B) Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel, and (C) Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr. The larger black circle in each panel (when present) denotes the type locality." pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |