treatments-xml/data/97/1D/87/971D8786FFBFFFE465D4118DD31A2163.xml

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<mods:title id="98641E1F7D5E4082FD034E892237183A">A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="07530DD632AE634197C919DC93C9785C">Robert A. Johnson</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="971D8786FFBFFFE465D4118DD31A2163" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115592" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114920429" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115592" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:971D8786FFBFFFE465D4118DD31A2163" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/971D8786FFBFFFE465D4118DD31A2163" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFBFFFEE65D4118DD0C02101" box="[151,500,1784,1810]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFBFFFEE65D4118DD0C02101" box="[151,500,1784,1810]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<heading id="444381FCFFBFFFEE65D4118DD0C02101" bold="true" box="[151,500,1784,1810]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFBFFFEE65D4118DD0C02101" box="[151,500,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFBFFFEE65D4118DD0C02101" bold="true" box="[151,500,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pogonomyrmex mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFBFFFEE65D4106ED07E2120" box="[151,330,1819,1843]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFBFFFEE65D4106ED07E2120" box="[151,330,1819,1843]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
(
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFBFFFEE65DC106ED0762120" box="[159,322,1819,1843]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 43" captionStart-1="FIGURE 44" captionStart-2="FIGURE 45" captionStart-3="FIGURE 46" captionStartId-0="87.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-1="88.[151,249,1948,1970]" captionStartId-2="89.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-3="90.[151,249,1672,1694]" captionTargetBox-0="[420,1158,193,1956]" captionTargetBox-1="[398,1183,185,1924]" captionTargetBox-2="[418,1162,193,1955]" captionTargetBox-3="[320,1258,225,1628]" captionTargetId-0="figure@87.[420,1166,193,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure@88.[398,1188,185,1924]" captionTargetId-2="figure@89.[418,1168,193,1956]" captionTargetId-3="figure@90.[320,1266,225,1634]" captionTargetPageId-0="87" captionTargetPageId-1="88" captionTargetPageId-2="89" captionTargetPageId-3="90" captionText-0="FIGURE 43. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo &amp; Claver worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914385). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-1="FIGURE 44. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo &amp; Claver brachypterous queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914403). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-2="FIGURE 45. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo &amp; Claver male: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235299). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-3="FIGURE 46. Photograph of: (A) numerous brachypterous queens of Pogonomyrmex mendozanus aggregating on a lowgrowing plant (&lt;0.3 m tall) immediately outside their natal nest (no males were observed), and (B) mating aggregation containing brachypterous queens of P. mendozanus. Bottom photograph courtesy of Rodrigo Pol." pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figures 43–46</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFBFFFEE65D41011D5DC21E7" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFBFFFEE65D41011D3A221A5" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFBFFFEE65D41011D338216A" authority="Cuezzo" authorityName="Cuezzo" box="[151,524,1891,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFBFFFEE65D41011D08E216A" box="[151,442,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pogonomyrmex mendozanus</emphasis>
Cuezzo
</taxonomicName>
and Claver, 2009: 101, figs. 1, 2, 5–11 (worker, queen, male). Types examined: holotype worker (not examined) [IADIZA], 10 worker paratypes [FML], ARGENTINA, Mendoza: Departamento Santa Rosa, Ñancuñán (S. Claver leg., 12 February 1997).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFBFFFEE65D410B5D5DC21E7" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFBFFFEE65D410B5D33021C6" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" box="[151,516,1983,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronotalis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFBFFFEE65D410B5D09021C6" box="[151,420,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pogonomyrmex pronotalis</emphasis>
Santschi
</taxonomicName>
: Claver &amp; Fowler, 1993: 191; Pirk 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFBFFFEE662810B5D2A321C6" box="[875,919,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
., 2004: 65; Pirk &amp; Lopez de Casenave, 2006: 119; Pirk 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFBFFFEE65B410ABD01721E7" box="[247,291,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
., 2007: 1092; Pol &amp; Lopez de Casenave, 2004: 647; Pol 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFBFFFEE662610ABD2A621E7" box="[869,914,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
., 2008: 92; Pirk 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFBFFFEE617F10ABD55C21E7" box="[1084,1128,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
., 2009: 908.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="4BCB6618FFBEFFEF65D410CFD40821FC" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" targetBox="[420,1158,193,1956]" targetPageId="87">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFBEFFEF65D410CFD40821FC" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFBEFFEF65D410CFD01421C3" bold="true" box="[151,288,1978,2000]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 43.</emphasis>
Photograph of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFBEFFEF64FD10CED2AD21C3" authority="Cuezzo &amp; Claver" authorityName="Cuezzo &amp; Claver" box="[446,921,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFBEFFEF64FD10CED3D521C3" box="[446,737,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pogonomyrmex mendozanus</emphasis>
Cuezzo &amp; Claver
</taxonomicName>
worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914385). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4BCB6618FFB1FFE065D410E9D06121FC" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" targetBox="[398,1183,185,1924]" targetPageId="88">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB1FFE065D410E9D06121FC" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB1FFE065D410E9D02B21A1" bold="true" box="[151,287,1948,1970]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
Photograph of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB1FFE064F810E8D2A721A1" authority="Cuezzo &amp; Claver" authorityName="Cuezzo &amp; Claver" box="[443,915,1948,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB1FFE064F810E8D3E921A1" box="[443,733,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Pogonomyrmex mendozanus</emphasis>
Cuezzo &amp; Claver
</taxonomicName>
brachypterous queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914403). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4BCB6618FFB0FFE165D410CFD5C521FC" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" targetBox="[418,1162,193,1955]" targetPageId="89">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB0FFE165D410CFD5C521FC" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB0FFE165D410CFD02B21C3" bold="true" box="[151,287,1978,2000]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 45.</emphasis>
Photograph of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB0FFE164FE10CED2A321C3" authority="Cuezzo &amp; Claver" authorityName="Cuezzo &amp; Claver" box="[445,919,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB0FFE164FE10CED3D421C3" box="[445,736,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Pogonomyrmex mendozanus</emphasis>
Cuezzo &amp; Claver
</taxonomicName>
male: (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB0FFE166A610CFD2C321C3" bold="true" box="[997,1015,1978,2000]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">A</emphasis>
) frontal view of head, (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB0FFE161AA10CED5CE21C3" bold="true" box="[1257,1274,1979,2000]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">B</emphasis>
) lateral view of body, and (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB0FFE1644B10ACD02E21FC" bold="true" box="[264,282,2009,2031]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">C</emphasis>
) dorsal view of body (CASENT0235299). Photographs by Will Ericson from www.AntWeb.org.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4BCB6618FFB3FFE265D411FDD55B20C8" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" targetBox="[320,1258,225,1628]" targetPageId="90">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB3FFE265D411FDD55B20C8" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB3FFE265D411FDD010208D" bold="true" box="[151,292,1672,1694]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">FIGURE 46.</emphasis>
Photograph of: (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB3FFE2649D11FDD0C4208D" bold="true" box="[478,496,1672,1694]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
) numerous brachypterous queens of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB3FFE2663D11FCD591208D" box="[894,1189,1672,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB3FFE2663D11FCD591208D" box="[894,1189,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Pogonomyrmex mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aggregating on a lowgrowing plant (&lt;0.3 m tall) immediately outside their natal nest (no males were observed), and (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB3FFE261EC11DDD5F420AE" bold="true" box="[1199,1216,1704,1725]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">B</emphasis>
) mating aggregation containing brachypterous queens of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB3FFE2674511B3D3A820C8" box="[518,668,1733,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB3FFE2674511B3D32620C8" box="[518,530,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB3FFE2675C11B0D3A820C8" box="[543,668,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Bottom photograph courtesy of Rodrigo Pol.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFB3FFE265D4107CD04E217B" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB3FFE265D4107CD04E217B" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB3FFE265D4107CD0482133" bold="true" box="[151,380,1800,1824]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Worker. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Within the 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB3FFE26747107CD34D2133" box="[516,633,1800,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB3FFE26747107CD34D2133" box="[516,633,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">P. laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, the combination of: (1) head and mesosoma black, gaster dark ferruginous orange, and (2) head and mesosoma covered by fine, regular, incised rugae uniquely characterize this species (
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFB3FFE265BB1025D05E217B" box="[248,362,1872,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="87.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[420,1158,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[420,1166,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 43. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo &amp; Claver worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914385). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB3FFE265BB1025D05E217B" bold="true" box="[248,362,1872,1896]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Figure 43</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFB3FFE365841000D2AF2184" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="description">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB3FFE265841000D55321C7" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB3FFE265841000D042219F" bold="true" box="[199,374,1909,1932]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Measurements</emphasis>
—(
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB3FFE264D81000D09D219F" box="[411,425,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">n</emphasis>
= 16). HL 1.65–2.04; HW 1.87–2.28; MOD 0.37–0.49; OMD 0.47–0.67; SL 1.25–1.59; PNW 1.20–1.41; HF 1.79–2.28; ML 2.16–2.58; PW 0.49–0.67: PPW 0.65–0.82. Indices: SI 65.45–75.66; CI 102.50–113.33; OI 20.27–23.04; HFI 94.14–106.95. See also Cuezzo &amp; Claver (2009).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB2FFE3658417E2D2A2240B" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE3658417E2D05926A3" bold="true" box="[199,365,151,176]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Redescription</emphasis>
. Head subquadrate to wider than long (CI = 102.50–113.33), widest just posterior to eyes; posterior margin flat to weakly concave in full-face view. Cephalic dorsum with fine, regular, incised, longitudinal rugae; in full-face view, medial rugae diverging weakly toward posterior corners of head. In profile, rugae posterior to eyes converging toward vertex. Cephalic interrugae appearing as furrows, weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining; vertex rugose. Anterior margin of clypeus weakly to moderately concave; dorsal surface with numerous subparallel, longitudinal rugae. Mandible with six teeth; mandibular dorsum coarsely rugose. Numerous long, curved, bristle-like, yellowish to brownish hairs project from anterior margin of clypeus and basolateral margin of mandibles. MOD ranging from 0.20–0.25x HL. In profile, eyes situated near middle of head, OMD = 1.24–1.43x MOD. Antennal scapes relatively long (SI = 65.45–75.66), reaching vertex or failing to reach vertex by less than length of basal funicular segment; scapes often with moderately coarse longitudinal striae. Basal flange of scape flattened with carinate margin. Psammophore well-developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB2FFE365841551D41A254F" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Promesonotal profile flattened, propodeum descending; all mesosomal surfaces with prominent subparallel/ parallel rugae similar to that on cephalic dorsum. In profile and dorsal views, humeral shoulders of pronotum angulate, distinctly elevated above medial portion of pronotum. Dorsum of promesonotum with longitudinal rugae that diverge anterad toward humeral shoulders of pronotum; anterior margin of pronotum with transverse rugae that traverse posteroventrally or obliquely on pronotal sides. Mesopleura with transverse rugae, those near dorsal margin often traversing posterodorsally. Dorsum and sides of propodeum with transverse rugae. Superior propodeal spines long, acuminate; spines longer than distance between their bases. Inferior propodeal spines absent or reduced to indistinct broadly rounded processes. Propodeal spiracles narrowly ovate facing posterad. Interrugae on mesosoma weakly coriarious, weakly shining to shining. Legs moderately coriarious, weakly shining.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB2FFE365841412D08B22B3" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Peduncle of petiole slightly shorter than petiolar node, anteroventral margin usually flat, lacking tooth or lobe. In profile, petiolar node asymmetrical with anterior surface shorter than posterior surface; apex weakly angulate to rounded. In dorsal view, petiolar node longer than wide, widest near spatulate anterior margin; posterior surface with numerous fine, transverse to arcuate, wavy striae that curve posteroventrally on sides. Dorsum of postpetiole convex in profile; in dorsal view, widest near posterior margin, narrowing anterad; maximal width about equal to length; dorsum and sides with numerous transverse, wavy striae that are finer, denser than those on posterior surface of petiolar node. Interrugae on posterior surface of petiolar node and dorsum of postpetiole weakly to moderately punctate or coriarious, weakly shining to shining. First gastral tergum weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining to shining.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB2FFE3658413D8D3EF238F" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
Erect white pilosity moderately abundant on head, variable in length, longest hairs not exceeding MOD. Moderately abundant suberect to semidecument pilosity on scape, abundant decumbent hairs on funicular segments. Legs with moderately abundant suberect white setae. Mesosoma, petiolar node, postpetiole with moderately dense, erect white setae, often similar in length, longest on pronotum, none&gt;MOD; gastral terga with moderately dense pilosity, only those on posterior gastral terga approaching MOD. Head, mesosoma black; petiolar node dark orangish-brown to orangish-black; postpetiole, gaster lighter orangish-brown; mandibles, circumference of eyes, tarsi often dark reddish-brown (
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFB2FFE3671A12F1D3FF238F" box="[601,715,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="87.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[420,1158,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[420,1166,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 43. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo &amp; Claver worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914385). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE3671A12F1D3FF238F" bold="true" box="[601,715,1412,1436]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figure 43</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB2FFE3658412DDD2EF2040" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE3658412DDD37123D3" bold="true" box="[199,581,1447,1472]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Brachyterous queen. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This caste is diagnosed by: (1) brachypterous with very small wings and small ocelli on head, (2) in dorsal view, mesoscutum poorly-developed, anterior margin barely surpassing humeral shoulders of pronotum, (3) pronotum well-developed, (4) in profile, the pronotum rises at an approximately 45o angle to meet the mesoscutum, (5) fine, regular, longitudinal rugae on head, mesoscutum, and mesoscutellum, and (6) head and mesosoma black; gaster dark ferruginous orange (
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFB2FFE3661A114FD2FF2040" box="[857,971,1594,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="88.[151,249,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[398,1183,185,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[398,1188,185,1924]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 44. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo &amp; Claver brachypterous queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914403). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE3661A114FD2FF2040" bold="true" box="[857,971,1594,1619]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figure 44</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB2FFE36584112AD56320AC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE36584112AD0422064" bold="true" box="[199,374,1631,1655]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Measurements</emphasis>
—(
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE364D8112AD09D2064" box="[411,425,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">n</emphasis>
= 3). HL 2.07–2.53; HW 2.44–2.81; MOD 0.50–0.53; OMD 0.55–0.81; SL 1.58–1.74; PNW 1.54–1.68; HFL 2.28–2.48; ML 2.59–2.76; PW 0.70–0.77; PPW 1.00–1.05. Indices: SI 61.92–66.13; CI 111.07–119.81; OI 18.86–20.56; HFI 88.26–95.16. See also Cuezzo &amp; Claver (2009).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB2FFE3658411BED2EF2138" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE3658411BED0A420F0" bold="true" box="[199,400,1738,1763]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Male. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This caste is diagnosed by: (1) first gastral tergum lacking striae, (2) weakly regular to regular, subparallel rugae prominent on sides of head, pronotal sides, and mesopleura, (3) in profile, rugae forming circumocular whorls posterior to eyes, and (4) notauli present (
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFB2FFE3661A1067D2FF2138" box="[857,971,1810,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="89.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[418,1162,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[418,1168,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 45. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo &amp; Claver male: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235299). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE3661A1067D2FF2138" bold="true" box="[857,971,1810,1835]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figure 45</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB2FFE365841042D2AF2184" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE365841042D042215C" bold="true" box="[199,374,1847,1871]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Measurements</emphasis>
—(
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE364D81042D09D215C" box="[411,425,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">n</emphasis>
= 12). HL 1.27–1.67; HW 1.44–1.68; MOD 0.46–0.56; OMD 0.23–0.40; SL 0.37–0.56; HFL 1.53–2.19; ML 2.47–2.91; PW 0.50–0.60; PPW 0.70–0.79. Indices: SI 23.42–34.15; CI 98.16–113.39; OI 29.34–33.94; HFI 106.25–133.54. See also Cuezzo &amp; Claver (2009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFB2FFE4658410D7D3F627C3" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB2FFE4658410D7D3F627C3" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE3658410D7D25D21A8" bold="true" box="[199,873,1954,1979]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
Additional material examined. ARGENTINA: 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB2FFE367BC10D7D25D21A8" bold="true" box="[767,873,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Mendoza</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: Reserva Nancuñan, 1800’, Dec 12, 2003 &amp; Oct 30, 2008 &amp; Feb 14, 2010 (CASC; RAJC; RGPC); Fadina, Nancuñan, Feb 14, 2010 (RAJC); 115.0 km S Jct Rts 7 &amp; 153, 1730’, Jan 23, 2008 (RAJC); 138.1 km S Jct Rts 7 &amp; 153, 1690’, Jan 23, 2008 (RAJC); 22.1 km S Jct Rts 7 &amp; 153, 1900’, Jan 23, 2008 (RAJC); 38.4 km S Jct Rts 7 &amp; 153, 1870’, Jan 23, 2008 (RAJC); Rt 171 at 15.0 km SE Monte Coman, 1700’, Jan 27, 2008 (RAJC); Rt 7 at 10.3 km E La Paz, 1540’, Jan 23, 2008 (RAJC); Rt 7 at 9.8 km E La Dormida, 1720’, Jan 23, 2008 (RAJC); Rt 7 at 29.8 km E La Dormida, 1610’, Jan 23, 2008 (MCZ; RAJC); Rt 7 at 5.8 km W Desaguadero, 1530’, Dec 28, 2005 (RAJC); Rt 7 at 8.5 km W Desaguadero, 1520’, Mar 15, 2015 (RAJC); 20 mi SE Mendoza, Dec 26, 2006 (CSC); 8.5 km NW Real de Padre, Nov 22, 2005 (CSC); Rt 7 at 11.5 km W Santa Rosa, 2030’, Mar 15, 2015 (RAJC). 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE46783161AD21A279B" bold="true" box="[704,814,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">San Juan</emphasis>
: Nueva Castilla, Dec 1964 (MZUSP); Pie de Palo, Mar 11, 1920 (LACM; MCZ); Rt 20 near El Encón, no date (RGPC). 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE466C616E1D2DA27BF" bold="true" box="[901,1006,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">San Luis</emphasis>
: Rt 20 at 0.6 km SE border with San Juan, 1610’, Mar 16, 2015 (RAJC) (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4676E16C2D38627C3" bold="true" box="[557,690,439,464]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFB5FFE4676E16C2D3AB27C3" box="[557,671,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="85.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[405,1173,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[405,1181,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 42. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi, (B) Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo &amp; Claver, and (C) Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson. The larger black circle in each panel denotes the type locality." pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figure 42</figureCitation>
B
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFB5FFE4658416A8D34A240B" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB5FFE4658416A8D34A240B" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4658416A8D07927E7" bold="true" box="[199,333,477,500]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet, 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE4670D16A9D3EC27E7" box="[590,728,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4670D16A9D3EC27E7" box="[590,728,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Latinization of Mendoza), is derived from the type locality occurring in Mendoza Province, Argentina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFB5FFE465841551D58C252B" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB5FFE465841551D58C252B" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE465841551D078242F" bold="true" box="[199,332,548,572]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE464111551D3A7242F" box="[338,659,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE464111551D3A7242F" box="[338,659,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Pogonomyrmex mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was misidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE466C71551D525242F" box="[900,1041,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronotalis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE466C71551D525242F" box="[900,1041,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">P. pronotalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a list of ant species in Ñancuñan Biosphere Reserve (Claver &amp; Fowler, 1993) and in subsequent publications (see above) until it was described by Cuezzo &amp; Claver (2009). However, these two species are easily separated with coloration being one of the few characters in common. In describing 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE4671E15E5D57924BB" authority="Cuezzo &amp; Claver (2009)" authorityName="Cuezzo &amp; Claver" authorityYear="2009" box="[605,1101,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4671E15E5D23F24BB" box="[605,779,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">P. mendozanus</emphasis>
, Cuezzo &amp; Claver (2009)
</taxonomicName>
listed several characters to distinguish it from 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE4642815C1D0CD24DF" box="[363,505,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronotalis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4642815C1D0CD24DF" box="[363,505,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">P. pronotalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Sculpturing on the head and mesosoma is the best character: rugae on the cephalic dorsum of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE4644C15ADD08124E3" box="[271,437,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4644C15ADD08124E3" box="[271,437,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">P. mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are fine, very regular, and incised, whereas they are coarse and irregular on 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE4604B15ADD4A124E3" box="[1288,1429,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronotalis">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4604B15ADD4A124E3" box="[1288,1429,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">P. pronotalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Lack of striae on the first gastral tergum combined with the fine, regular, incised sculpturing on the head and mesosoma and coloration pattern separate 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE467301455D22D252B" box="[627,793,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE467301455D22D252B" box="[627,793,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">P. mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all South American congeners.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFB5FFE465841431D3D4208B" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB5FFE465841431D0ED2323" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE465841431D012254F" bold="true" box="[199,294,836,860]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Biology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE4646D1431D35B254F" box="[302,623,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4646D1431D35B254F" box="[302,623,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Pogonomyrmex mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the more well-studied species of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE461121431D435254F" box="[1105,1281,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE461121431D435254F" box="[1105,1281,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Pogonomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Argentina. This species harvests the seeds of various grass species and nongrass species to a lesser extent (Pirk &amp; Lopez de Casenave, 2006, 2010, 2011; Pirk 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4675B14F9D36525B7" box="[536,593,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007; Pirk 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4679F14F9D22125B7" box="[732,789,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009; Pol &amp; Lopez de Casenave, 2004; Pol 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4604D14F9D47325B7" box="[1294,1351,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011), and it is a solitary forager that recruits nestmates to high-density seed patches (Pol 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4612714C5D59425DB" box="[1124,1184,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015). Five colonies averaged 108–186 foragers, which consisted of an estimated 10–13% of all workers in the nests (Nobua-Behrmann 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE465D4148DD1E02203" box="[151,212,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013). Nests have a tumulus that ranges up to 40 cm in diameter; a midden of seed chaff sometimes surrounds the nest. Colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE467431369D3932227" box="[512,679,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE467431369D3932227" box="[512,679,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">P. mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are relatively small: two excavated colonies in Reserva Ñancuñan contained an average of 615 workers plus 292 larvae and pupae (Nobua Behrmann 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE461091335D5B0224B" box="[1098,1156,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010). Colony size was similar in another study, but varied by grazing intensity: colonies in lightly grazed areas contained 731 ± 249 (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE460351311D4B0226F" box="[1398,1412,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
= 12; mean ± SD) individuals including brood (535 ±105 of which were workers), while those in heavily grazed areas contained 557 ± 325 (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE464E313D9D09A22D7" box="[416,430,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
= 12) individuals including brood (382 ± 230 of which were workers). All colonies contained one reproductive queen (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4676113A5D30422FB" box="[546,560,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
= 19) (R.G. Pol, pers. comm.). Worker dry mass averaged 3.87 mg, while that of brachypterous queens averaged 9.16 mg; the mean queen to worker dry mass ratio was 2.37 (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE461AE1381D5CF231F" box="[1261,1275,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
= 2 colonies) (R.A. Johnson, unpub. data).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB5FFE46584124ED3D4208B" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
Collection dates for sexuals range from 28 December to 15 March, and mating flights have been observed on 21 January, 14–15 February, and 15 March. Flights occur during early to late afternoon on days following rain. Mating involves the brachypterous queens leaving their natal nest to mate at aggregations in low-growing vegetation at the top of or near their natal nest; aggregations are often small and contain approximately 20–30 individuals, but over 100 brachypterous queens have been observed on vegetation outside their nests (pers. obs.; R.G. Pol, pers. comm.) (
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFB5FFE464F3129AD311201B" box="[432,549,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="90.[151,249,1672,1694]" captionTargetBox="[320,1258,225,1628]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[320,1266,225,1634]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 46. Photograph of: (A) numerous brachypterous queens of Pogonomyrmex mendozanus aggregating on a lowgrowing plant (&lt;0.3 m tall) immediately outside their natal nest (no males were observed), and (B) mating aggregation containing brachypterous queens of P. mendozanus. Bottom photograph courtesy of Rodrigo Pol." pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE464F3129AD311201B" bold="true" box="[432,549,1519,1544]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figure 46</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
). Queens mate with multiple males with an average (± SD) effective mating frequency of 8.75 ± 3.26 (range = 4–16; 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4672A1161D343203F" box="[617,631,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
= 24) (Pol 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE467BF1161D202203F" box="[764,822,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008). After mating, queens leave the aggregation to initiate a nest using independent colony founding (R.G. Pol, pers. comm.), which is an unusual behavior for brachypterous queens (see Johnson, 2010). No information is available, but these brachypterous queens are probably obligate foragers (see Peeters 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4671211F5D3BD208B" box="[593,649,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AE651BFFB5FFE4658411D1D31A2163" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1F0B3690FFB5FFE4658411D1D31A2163" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE4658411D1D33A20AF" box="[199,526,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE4658411D1D33A20AF" box="[199,526,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Pogonomyrmex mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits sites at elevations from 465–545 m. This species is common from southeastern San Juan to eastcentral Mendoza, and it appears to be restricted to the northern one-third of the Low Monte Desert ecoregion as defined by Olson 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE467FB1199D3DA2117" box="[696,750,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al</emphasis>
. (2001) (
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE466211199D2D82117" bold="true" box="[866,1004,1772,1796]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<figureCitation id="878F2A15FFB5FFE466211199D2ED2117" box="[866,985,1772,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="85.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[405,1173,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[405,1181,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 42. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi, (B) Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo &amp; Claver, and (C) Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson. The larger black circle in each panel denotes the type locality." pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figure 42</figureCitation>
B
</emphasis>
). Interestingly, the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE460C41199D015213B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE460C41199D015213B" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">P. mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stops at the southern boundary of the High Monte Desert ecoregion. Field observations suggest that 
<taxonomicName id="D8B44D13FFB5FFE460C41065D015215F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE460C41065D015215F" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">P. mendozanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to deep, loose, sandy soils (pers. obs.); nests are most common in open, disturbed areas such as roadsides (Pirk 
<emphasis id="2DC0EA82FFB5FFE464DC102DD0EC2163" box="[415,472,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>