348 lines
48 KiB
XML
348 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ABCB89D3B2E10FC3101E2AC677D09F75">Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C2AAC760DA6893AE6375CC562E360F3E">Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="274B07EDB80138AAA23C748889C594D3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="967E5C11AC3E9011FF5AFF6F1230FB53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5944970" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159044024" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5944970" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC3E9011FF5AFF6F1230FB53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/967E5C11AC3E9011FF5AFF6F1230FB53" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" scope_family="Xeniidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_subClass="Octocorallia">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3E9010FF5AFF6F1522FF25" ID-CoL="5C97M" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,573,151,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="membranacea">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3E9010FF5AFF6F168FFF26" bold="true" box="[151,400,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Xenia membranacea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FE55FF601522FF25" author="Schenk, A." box="[408,573,152,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3E9010FF5AFF4217C7FF44" box="[151,216,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia membranacea Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 41). a. Irregular sclerites with rough surface texture; b. Irregular sclerites with granular surface texture; c. Sclerites with surface crest, some fractured; d. Fractured sclerites composed of dendritic rods (enlarged). e. Ellipsoid platelets; f. Round sclerite; g. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, b, c, e, f, g 0.010 mm, at d 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363671/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3E9010FF5AFEFB153EFE8F" ID-CoL="5C97M" authority="Schenk, 1896: 60" authorityName="Schenk" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,545,258,280]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="membranacea">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3E9010FF5AFEFB1678FE8F" box="[151,359,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Xenia membranacea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC3E9010FEA0FEFA153EFE8F" author="Schenk, A." box="[365,545,258,280]" page="60" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FEA0FEFA153EFE8F" author="Schenk, A." box="[365,545,258,280]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896: 60</bibRefCitation>
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, plate 3,
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<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3E9010FDB6FEFA15A2FE8F" box="[635,701,258,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1570,1592]" captionTargetBox="[310,1277,301,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[310,1277,301,1549]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia viridis Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 42). a. Ellipsoid platelets featuring rough granulated surface, arrow indicates surface furrow; b. Sclerites with surface crest, fractured; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363683/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig 15</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3E9010FF5AFEDA1677FEA0" ID-CoL="5C97M" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,360,289,311]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="membranacea">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3E9010FF5AFEDA1677FEA0" box="[151,360,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Xenia membranacea</emphasis>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC3E9010FEB8FED91556FEA0" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[373,585,289,311]" page="512" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FEB8FED91556FEA0" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[373,585,289,311]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="509 - 530" refId="ref24203" refString="Ashworth, J. H. (1900) Report on the Xeniidae collected by Dr. Willey. In: Zoological results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected by Dr. A. Willey during the years 1895 - 1897. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 509 - 530." type="book chapter" year="1900">Ashworth 1900: 512</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FD99FED9147FFEA0" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[596,864,289,311]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="635 - 662" refId="ref25770" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien: I. Die Familie der Xeniiden. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilung fur systematic, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 15, 635 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19040" type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal 1902: 654–655</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC3E9010FCA6FED91321FEA0" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[875,1086,289,311]" page="512" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FCA6FED91321FEA0" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[875,1086,289,311]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="509 - 530" refId="ref24203" refString="Ashworth, J. H. (1900) Report on the Xeniidae collected by Dr. Willey. In: Zoological results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected by Dr. A. Willey during the years 1895 - 1897. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 509 - 530." type="book chapter" year="1900">Ashworth 1900: 512</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC3E9010FB84FEDA13C5FEA0" author="May, W." box="[1097,1242,289,311]" page="86" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" year="1899">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FB84FEDA13C5FEA0" author="May, W." box="[1097,1242,289,311]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref26131" refString="May, W. (1899) Beitrage zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. Jenaische Zeitsch. Naturwiss, 33 (Neue Folge 26), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1899">
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<date id="6A69CBC7AC3E9010FB84FEDA13ABFEA0" box="[1097,1204,289,311]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" value="1899-05">May 1899</date>
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: 86
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC3E9010FB28FED9163AFEC1" author="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I." page="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" year="1931">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FB28FED9163AFEC1" author="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I." pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 227" refId="ref27319" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I. (1931) The Alcyonacea of the Siboga expedition: with an addendum to the Gorgonacea. Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 d, 1 - 227, 28 pls." type="book chapter" year="1931">Thomson & Dean 1931: 31</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC3E9010FEFCFEB916C9FEC1" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[305,470,320,342]" page="90" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" year="1933">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FEFCFEB916C9FEC1" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[305,470,320,342]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="49 - 108" refId="ref26841" refString="Roxas, H. A. (1933) Philippine Alcyonaria, the Families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 50, 49 - 108." type="journal article" year="1933">Roxas 1933: 90</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, plate 2,
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<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3E9010FDFAFEB8156FFEC1" box="[567,624,320,342]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1695,1717]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,463,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[309,1277,463,1673]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia garciae Bourne, 1894 type (BML 1921.11.18.1). a. Sclerite with a surface crest, fractured; b. Ellipsoid sclerites, fractured c. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous and radially arranged in the peripheral region; d. Overview of sclerites, fractured. Scale bar at a, b and d 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363667/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig 7</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FDB1FEB81492FEC1" author="Verseveldt, J." box="[636,909,320,342]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="209 - 251" refId="ref27608" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1960) Biological results of the Snellius-Expedition XX. Octocorallia from the Malay Archipelago (Part 1). Temminckia, 10, 209 - 251." type="journal article" year="1960">Verseveldt 1960: 244–246</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FC54FEB8137FFEC1" author="Utinomi, H." box="[921,1120,320,342]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref27449" refString="Utinomi, H. (1977) Shallow-water octocorals of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Part II). Sesoko Marine Science Laboratory Technical Report, 5, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1977">Utinomi 1977: 5–6</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC3E9010FBA0FEB8125CFEC1" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[1133,1347,320,342]" page="118" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FBA0FEB8125CFEC1" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[1133,1347,320,342]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref24267" refString="Benayahu, Y. (1990) Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 64, 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1990">Benayahu 1990: 118</bibRefCitation>
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, table 1, listed only;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FEF3FEA6153EFEE3" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[318,545,350,372]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke 1997: 50–51</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FDE6FEA71581FEE3" author="Janes, M. P." box="[555,670,350,372]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="195 - 200" refId="ref25439" refString="Janes, M. P. (2013) Distribution and diversity of the soft coral family Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) in Lembeh Strait, Indonesia. Galaxea JCRS, 15 (Supplement), 195 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.3755 / galaxea. 15.195" type="journal article" year="2013">Janes 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FD65FEA6148AFEE3" author="McFadden, C. S. & Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P." box="[680,917,350,373]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="247 - 257" refId="ref26293" refString="McFadden, C. S., Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P. (2014 a) DNA barcoding of xeniid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Xeniidae) from Indonesia: species richness and phylogenetic relationships. Systematics and Biodiversity, 12, 247 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2014.902866" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3E9010FCD6FE981457FEE3" box="[795,840,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC3E9010FF5AF8F41479F8E9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363671/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" startId="16.[151,250,1804,1826]" targetBox="[316,1270,422,1783]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3E9010FF5AF8F41479F8E9" blockId="16.[151,1436,1804,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3E9010FF5AF8F41609F8B6" bold="true" box="[151,278,1804,1826]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3E9010FC8AF8F513ADF8B5" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[839,1202,1804,1826]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3E9010FC8AF8F51304F8B5" box="[839,1051,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Xenia membranacea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3E9010FBE8F8F413ADF8B5" author="Schenk, A." box="[1061,1202,1804,1826]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
syntype (SMF 41). a. Irregular sclerites with rough surface texture; b. Irregular sclerites with granular surface texture; c. Sclerites with surface crest, some fractured; d. Fractured sclerites composed of dendritic rods (enlarged). e. Ellipsoid platelets; f. Round sclerite; g. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, b, c, e, f, g 0.010 mm, at d 0.002 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC3F9011FF5AFF6F1230FB53" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3F9011FF5AFF6F13B5FF27" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1221]" box="[151,1194,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FF5AFF6F1619FF27" bold="true" box="[151,262,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC3F9011FEC0FF6F13B5FF27" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475052" box="[269,1194,151,176]" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="W. Kukenthal." country="Indonesia, Ternate Island" location="Indonesia, Ternate Island" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" specimenCode="SMF 41" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FEC0FF6F1668FF27" bold="true" box="[269,375,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3F9011FEC0FF6F166DFF27" box="[269,370,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC3F9011FEB3FF6016C4FF27" box="[382,475,152,176]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">SMF 41</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3F9011FE2AFF6F141CFF27" box="[487,771,151,176]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Indonesia, Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Moluccas, 1894, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC3F9011FBC5FF6013B5FF27" box="[1032,1194,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">W. Kükenthal.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3F9011FF0AFF4417E2FE1F" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FF0AFF441646FF42" bold="true" box="[199,345,188,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3F9011FE5EFF4516F5FF42" box="[403,490,189,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FDC1FF441544FF43" box="[524,603,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; its stalk is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FCD1FF441442FF43" box="[796,861,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and it splits
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FBEAFF44139BFF43" box="[1063,1156,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
above its base into eight short branches, two of which split again into two; the length of each branch is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FBC7FF181369FF60" box="[1034,1142,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
and their width is about
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FA43FF2717DCFE8B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
at the base and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FEB1FEFC16C4FE8B" box="[380,475,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
at the uppermost part. The polyp body is up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FC36FEFC1321FE8B" box="[1019,1086,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and the tentacles up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FA43FEFC17DCFEA8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, featuring three and occasionally a partial fourth row of pinnules on each side. The pinnules are relatively slender, up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FE8EFEB416B3FEF3" box="[323,428,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FDE4FEB4158DFEF3" box="[553,658,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FD2AFEB41450FEF2" box="[743,847,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.715" metricValueMax="6.35" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="in" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row with no gap between adjacent pinnules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3F9011FF0AFE6C16F6FDF7" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
Sclerites are present in all parts of the colony; most of them are ellipsoid platelets,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FBAFFE6C13BEFE3B" box="[1122,1185,404,428]" degrees="0.010" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="0.01">0.010</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FB6FFE6C13F0FE3B" box="[1186,1263,404,428]" degrees="0.019" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="-0.019">–0.019</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FADDFE6C17DCFE58" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.02" valueMax="0.025" valueMin="0.015">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FADDFE6C1250FE3A" box="[1296,1359,404,429]" degrees="0.015" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="0.015">0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FA82FE6C1283FE3A" box="[1359,1436,404,429]" degrees="0.025" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="-0.025">–0.025</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3F9011FE97FE4F1680FE47" box="[346,415,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia membranacea Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 41). a. Irregular sclerites with rough surface texture; b. Irregular sclerites with granular surface texture; c. Sclerites with surface crest, some fractured; d. Fractured sclerites composed of dendritic rods (enlarged). e. Ellipsoid platelets; f. Round sclerite; g. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, b, c, e, f, g 0.010 mm, at d 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363671/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
, n=26). Their surface outline ranges from almost smooth to irregular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3F9011FB74FE4F1237FE47" box="[1209,1320,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia membranacea Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 41). a. Irregular sclerites with rough surface texture; b. Irregular sclerites with granular surface texture; c. Sclerites with surface crest, some fractured; d. Fractured sclerites composed of dendritic rods (enlarged). e. Ellipsoid platelets; f. Round sclerite; g. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, b, c, e, f, g 0.010 mm, at d 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363671/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 9a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some of the sclerites feature a crest, or surface depressions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3F9011FD34FE241478FE63" box="[761,871,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia membranacea Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 41). a. Irregular sclerites with rough surface texture; b. Irregular sclerites with granular surface texture; c. Sclerites with surface crest, some fractured; d. Fractured sclerites composed of dendritic rods (enlarged). e. Ellipsoid platelets; f. Round sclerite; g. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, b, c, e, f, g 0.010 mm, at d 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363671/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig 9c, e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Others are almost round (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3F9011FB62FE24121FFE62" box="[1199,1280,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia membranacea Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 41). a. Irregular sclerites with rough surface texture; b. Irregular sclerites with granular surface texture; c. Sclerites with surface crest, some fractured; d. Fractured sclerites composed of dendritic rods (enlarged). e. Ellipsoid platelets; f. Round sclerite; g. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, b, c, e, f, g 0.010 mm, at d 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363671/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 9f</figureCitation>
|
||
) or feature a longitudinal furrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3F9011FE4DFE0716CBFD8F" box="[384,468,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia membranacea Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 41). a. Irregular sclerites with rough surface texture; b. Irregular sclerites with granular surface texture; c. Sclerites with surface crest, some fractured; d. Fractured sclerites composed of dendritic rods (enlarged). e. Ellipsoid platelets; f. Round sclerite; g. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, b, c, e, f, g 0.010 mm, at d 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363671/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FE79FDF816CBFD8F" box="[436,468,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="g" value="9.0">9g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sclerites are composed of calcite rods arranged radially, at least on the surface of the sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3F9011FEE4FDDC169EFDAA" box="[297,385,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia membranacea Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 41). a. Irregular sclerites with rough surface texture; b. Irregular sclerites with granular surface texture; c. Sclerites with surface crest, some fractured; d. Fractured sclerites composed of dendritic rods (enlarged). e. Ellipsoid platelets; f. Round sclerite; g. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, b, c, e, f, g 0.010 mm, at d 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363671/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
|
||
), providing a granular appearance to all the various morphologies. The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3F9011FF5AFDBF17E6FDF7" box="[151,249,583,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is light gray in color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3F9011FF0AFD941581FC5F" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FF0AFD941624FD12" bold="true" box="[199,315,620,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3F9011FD4FFD951473FD12" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[642,876,620,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FD4FFD951473FD12" box="[642,876,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Xenia membranacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicated 3–4 irregular rows of pinnules, 20–25 pinnules in each one. The sclerites were referred to as round discs, long ovals, or rod-like,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FB5DFD77124DFD30" box="[1168,1362,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.0175" valueMax="0.02" valueMin="0.015">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FB5DFD7713D1FD3F" box="[1168,1230,655,680]" degrees="0.015" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="0.015">0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FB03FD771203FD3F" box="[1230,1308,655,680]" degrees="0.020" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="-0.02">–0.020</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 0.02– 0.025 X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FEC6FD4C16CCFD5B" box="[267,467,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.0125" valueMax="0.015" valueMin="0.01">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FEC6FD4C1655FD5A" box="[267,330,692,717]" degrees="0.010" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="0.01">0.010</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FE87FD4C1689FD5A" box="[330,406,692,717]" degrees="0.015" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="-0.015">–0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FDD6FD4C1545FD5B" box="[539,602,692,716]" degrees="0.020" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="0.02">0.020</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FD97FD4C15B8FD5B" box="[602,679,692,716]" degrees="0.030" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="-0.03">–0.030</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FD11FD4C14B9FD5B" box="[732,934,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.008" valueMax="0.01" valueMin="0.006">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FD11FD4C1404FD5A" box="[732,795,692,717]" degrees="0.006" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="0.006">0.006</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FCD6FD4C1477FD5A" box="[795,872,692,717]" degrees="0.010" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="-0.01">–0.010</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, respectively. Except for the latter, their measurements match our re-description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3F9011FD1AFD201414FD67" box="[727,779,728,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3F9011FCD2FD2F14EFFD67" author="Verseveldt, J." box="[799,1008,727,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="209 - 251" refId="ref27608" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1960) Biological results of the Snellius-Expedition XX. Octocorallia from the Malay Archipelago (Part 1). Temminckia, 10, 209 - 251." type="journal article" year="1960">Verseveldt (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified material from Obi Latu (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3F9011FF53FD041611FC82" box="[158,270,764,789]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and from the Bay of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC3F9011FDC7FD041572FC82" box="[522,621,764,789]" country="Indonesia" name="Jakarta Raya" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Djakarta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Malay Archipelago. For the former he described four rows of pinnules,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FF5AFCD817E5FCAF" box="[151,250,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="in" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">20–24 in</quantity>
|
||
a row, and "numerous oval" sclerites measuring
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FCECFCD81440FCAF" box="[801,863,800,824]" degrees="0.018" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="0.018">0.018</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FC92FCD814B2FCAF" box="[863,941,800,824]" degrees="0.022" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="-0.022">–0.022</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3F9011FC1DFCE7138CFCA0" box="[976,1171,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.013999999999999999" valueMax="0.015" valueMin="0.013">
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||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FC1DFCE71310FCAF" box="[976,1039,799,824]" degrees="0.013" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="0.013">0.013</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC3F9011FBC2FCE71343FCAF" box="[1039,1116,799,824]" degrees="0.015" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="-0.015">–0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
; while for the one from the Malay Archipelago he described five rows of pinnules, referring to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3F9011FC15FCBC1234FCCB" author="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I." box="[984,1323,836,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 227" refId="ref27319" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I. (1931) The Alcyonacea of the Siboga expedition: with an addendum to the Gorgonacea. Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 d, 1 - 227, 28 pls." type="book chapter" year="1931">Thomson & Dean (1931: 31)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who also described five rows for specimens from the same location. The material from Obi Latu corresponds to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3F9011FA49FC911629FC32" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FA49FC911629FC32" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">X. membranacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3F9011FEF1FC751673FC32" box="[316,364,909,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
|
||
while the Malay material might belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3F9011FC85FC7514BEFC33" authorityName=", Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[840,929,908,932]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FC85FC7514BEFC33" box="[840,929,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">X. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3F9011FC62FC751372FC32" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[943,1133,908,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FC62FC751372FC32" box="[943,1133,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">X. membranacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported from the Red Sea by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3F9011FF24FC5716B4FC5F" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[233,427,943,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref24267" refString="Benayahu, Y. (1990) Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 64, 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1990">Benayahu (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3F9011FE2CFC571586FC5F" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[481,665,943,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3F9011FF0AFC2C1216FB37" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FF0AFC2C1553FC7A" bold="true" box="[199,588,980,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Similar species and conclusion.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3F9011FD97FC2D15E8FC7B" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[602,759,980,1004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="49 - 108" refId="ref26841" refString="Roxas, H. A. (1933) Philippine Alcyonaria, the Families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 50, 49 - 108." type="journal article" year="1933">Roxas (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified two specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3F9011FB66FC2C1236FC7A" box="[1195,1321,980,1005]" name="Philippines" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3F9011FA96FC2D1629FB87" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FA96FC2D1629FB87" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Xenia membranacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and noted that it had been synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3F9011FCBBFC0F1363FB87" author="Hickson, S. J." box="[886,1148,1015,1040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="137 - 179" refId="ref25290" refString="Hickson, S. J. (1931 a) The alcyonarian family Xeniidae, with a revision of the genera and species. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1931, 137 - 179." type="journal article" year="1931">Hickson (1931a: 152)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3F9011FB02FC01125FFB87" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[1231,1344,1017,1040]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FB02FC01125FFB87" box="[1231,1344,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">X. crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. X
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FAA1FC011629FBA2" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
enia
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3F9011FF5AFBE41629FBA2" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,310,1052,1077]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="membranacea">membranacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3F9011FEBBFBE516FCFBA3" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[374,483,1053,1076]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FEBBFBE516FCFBA3" box="[374,483,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">X. crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feature three and sometimes four rows of pinnules, but differ in the number of pinnules. Their sclerite microstructure also differs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3F9011FD18FBC7143DFBCF" box="[725,802,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia membranacea Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 41). a. Irregular sclerites with rough surface texture; b. Irregular sclerites with granular surface texture; c. Sclerites with surface crest, some fractured; d. Fractured sclerites composed of dendritic rods (enlarged). e. Ellipsoid platelets; f. Round sclerite; g. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, b, c, e, f, g 0.010 mm, at d 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363671/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC3F9011FC94FBC71476FBCF" box="[857,873,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,373,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[309,1277,373,1529]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia crassa Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 39). a. Sclerites with a surface crest, fractured; b. Ellipsoid platelet, mostly fractured; c. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region. Arrows at b, c indicate surface furrow. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363663/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">5</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively), and thus they should be considered as separate. Although features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3F9011FDE9FB9D15F8FBEA" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[548,743,1124,1149]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FDE9FB9D15F8FBEA" box="[548,743,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">X. membranacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3F9011FBC8FB9D1386FBEA" authorityName="Verseveldt" authorityYear="1974" box="[1029,1177,1124,1149]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FBC8FB9D1386FBEA" box="[1029,1177,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">X. grasshoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the former possesses sclerites with sinuous rods lacking in the latter, thus the two should be considered as separate species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3F9011FF0AFB541230FB53" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1221]" box="[199,1327,1196,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3F9011FF0AFB54167FFB52" bold="true" box="[199,352,1196,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3F9011FEAAFB5416C7FB52" box="[359,472,1196,1221]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3F9011FE2EFB55159BFB52" box="[483,644,1196,1221]" name="Ternate Island" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3F9011FD5DFB54141FFB52" box="[656,768,1196,1221]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3F9011FCC6FB541493FB52" box="[779,908,1196,1221]" name="Philippines" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3F9011FC5AFB5514C5FB53" box="[919,986,1197,1220]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Malay Archipelago, Red Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |