186 lines
20 KiB
XML
186 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="0F71C545D26D50DF00529ED134519AD7" ID-CLB-Dataset="31139" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cd2cf861-0325-4bbc-9131-8ae4252e593b" ID-PMC="PMC5769723" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-723-121" ID-PubMed="29362528" ID-ZooBank="925CD37F313C42D08A1425F6720ABC3C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-723-121" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 723" ModsDocTitle="The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)" checkinTime="1513622319708" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lee, Chi-Feng" docDate="2017" docId="9651EA25751E2AA91E02B7A720044408" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 723: 121-151" docOrigin="ZooKeys 723" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545" docTitle="Gallerucida lutea Gressitt & Kimoto" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="FFEC3D73FFD1C540FFC6EB65014ED850" masterDocTitle="The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1732681482661" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6A5764A15A7081DDDEFB2D7EBA9D7806">The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C3D27AD41A3DC4C523B0F5D0F530FB8A">Lee, Chi-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BC5E27A8CA393EA8E4BC47532D163AC0">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="A74DACF5D4634F038A55A0AD8E6A5749" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9651EA25751E2AA91E02B7A720044408" ID-GBIF-Taxon="139337009" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9651EA25751E2AA91E02B7A720044408" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9651EA25751E2AA91E02B7A720044408" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" scope_class="Insecta" scope_family="Chrysomelidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Galerucinae">
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<subSubSection id="ED0E366134241BC4C0EB5F4432010B3D" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0FEE4362288C200DFEAFBD1FBE269E97" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="C2857C1D81FA4AD81E41D20119CA644A" authority="Gressitt & Kimoto" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida lutea" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="lutea">Gallerucida lutea Gressitt & Kimoto</taxonomicName>
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Figs 6
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<normalizedToken id="11ADE669E05862C656AC755D7C5B7816" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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, 7, 8
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3EE055E0FA4323BA919242C6706440D1" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E8CEFB1ED7C013B0327A6A3B94EBF3E7" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="534EAC931087768D0EF46318ACECB4CE" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida lutea" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="lutea">Gallerucida lutea</taxonomicName>
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Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963: 124 (China: Guangdong, Hubei);
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<bibRefCitation id="27CA93F1189CD433F1211BB1BC7F1CAF" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 68" title="Motes on the Chrysomelidae from Taiwan II." volume="7" year="1969">Kimoto 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 68 (Taiwan);
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<bibRefCitation id="687BEEB59FA6E511E561C822E2D0A664" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">Wilcox 1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 204 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="E7A8FDCBD3C0F5521DE3A21F5C809952" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">Kimoto and Chu 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 92 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="6D0B2002223343FEBEE5BA47A79D11B7" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Tokyo" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" title="Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Taiwan." year="1997">Kimoto and Takizawa 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 392 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="C3E9318362D02A23E4C1947978AC6C27" author="Lee, JE" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana Supplement" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 231" title="Family Chrysomelidae. Economic Insects of Korea 14." volume="21" year="2001">Lee and An 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 127 (Korea);
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<bibRefCitation id="569CE851BC0F0E75A4EDE75BA1EA82CE" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">Beenen 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 459 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="0A558E1916A6B77CA1C28FBA847807C9" author="Lee, C-F" journalOrPublisher="Sishou-Hills Insect Observation Network and Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, COA, New Taipei City and Taichung City" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="The Chrysomelidae of Taiwan 2." year="2010">Lee and Cheng 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 90 (biology);
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<bibRefCitation id="D018145EE598C95645E254B87084699B" author="Yang, X-K" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Chinese leaf beetles." year="2015">Yang et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 173 (catalogue).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FDFBFEE47B27C11FC6559D09963EEA7" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="D2FDE8B6C77DD798FAAB5BB28299F4C8" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="12B18ADF3EA8022E70EB14EE0AE281FD" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">Holotype ♂ (CAS), labeled: "N. KWANGTUNG / China, Lochang, [p,w] // 1947 [h, w] // L. Gressitt / Collection [p, w] // HOLOTYPE [p] ♂ / Gallerucida / lutea [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto [p, r] // Gallerucida / lutea / Holo G & K [h] / J. L. Gressitt det. [p, w] // California Academy / of Sciences / Type / No. [p] 13271 [h, w]". Paratypes: 1♂ (BPBM): "N. KWANGTUNG / China, Lochang, [p,w] // 1947 [h, w] // L. Gressitt / Collection [p, w] // ALLOTYPE [p] / Gallerucida / lutea ♀ [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto [p, r] // 3321 [h, w] // Gallerucida / sp. nov. 6 / lutea. Allo [h] / Det. S. Kimoto [p] 61 [h, w]"; 1♀ (CAS), labeled: "Suisapa, 1000 M. / Lichuen Distr. / W. Hupeh, China / VII-30-48 [p, w] // Gressitt & / Djou Collrs. [p, w] // PARATYPE [p] / Gallerucida / lutea [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto [p, y] // Galerucida / s. p. lutea / (nr. sp.6) [h] / Det. Kimoto [p] '61 [h, w]".</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4FE9A64CA1E26E89367567767A209326" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="793BA95DBA29F67346A227EF374AD5D3" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E41B6416108F2F08A380A7DF0B46BA2D" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="9E364089916F8389732E5BA715BB09F1" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida lutea" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="lutea">Gallerucida lutea</taxonomicName>
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adults can be recognized by their yellowish brown bodies. Darker individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="C2E0D6C48808E44D356D41A3CDA82336" lsidName="G. lutea" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="lutea">G. lutea</taxonomicName>
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may look like entirely black individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="084E5FCB9ADB5F62625B85C1C87BAEC6" lsidName="G. bifasciata" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="bifasciata">G. bifasciata</taxonomicName>
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, but the elytra of
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<taxonomicName id="DFF3980D1B808CD61275545AFE11AA26" lsidName="G. lutea" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="lutea">G. lutea</taxonomicName>
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possess extremely coarse punctures and minute punctures between coarse punctures and filiform antenna.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="812582B9C8464BDF9B39F567F1790295" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="431E3095479314F06BBA4B763BFBF9B8" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="46A19AFD83289209629EE6A657ABB1B1" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">
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Length 8.4-9.8 mm, width 4.7-5.9 mm. General color (Fig. 6
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<normalizedToken id="4F46FDB9AD6E3B43BB04A79617AE804D" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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) yellowish or reddish brown; antenna black except three basal antennomeres; tibiae and tarsi entirely black. Antenna serrate in male (Fig. 7A), length ratios of antennomeres
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<normalizedToken id="954C540D648CF221696EC092791B8303" originalValue="I–XI">I-XI</normalizedToken>
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1.0: 0.4: 0.6: 0.9: 0.8: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 1.2, length to width ratios of antennomeres
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<normalizedToken id="41144A7DAF4D529CC3340C884B3968BE" originalValue="I–IX">I-IX</normalizedToken>
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2.5: 1.4: 1.5: 1.8: 1.8: 1.9: 2.0: 2.0: 2.5: 2.6: 4.0; antennomeres IV-VII filiform and VIII-X serrate in female (Fig. 7B), length ratios of antennomeres
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<normalizedToken id="C1A28F90F81BF24DBC4DD5B7FABBDF08" originalValue="I–XI">I-XI</normalizedToken>
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1.0: 0.4: 0.5: 0.7: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.8, length to
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<pageBreakToken id="D90AF40DCAC428F87858A3D52FC15A01" pageId="13" pageNumber="134" start="start">width</pageBreakToken>
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ratios of antennomeres
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<normalizedToken id="F867903312211C328913417D72CB6D50" originalValue="I–IX">I-IX</normalizedToken>
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3.1: 1.5: 2.0: 2.6: 2.2: 2.1: 1.8: 1.6: 1.6: 1.7: 2.2. Pronotum transverse, 1.9
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<normalizedToken id="0E54E69EE3BA1175FE5083C9C818F8DC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider than long, disc convex, with oblique depressions at sides, medially abbreviated, disc without microreticulation, with extremely coarse, sparse punctures; lateral margin slightly rounded; apical margin concave; basal margin
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<pageBreakToken id="61B8D3C26A86B149BED11B29CCEA0DF5" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" start="start">convex</pageBreakToken>
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. Elytra parallel from base to basal 1/3, gradually widened towards basal 1/3, lateral margin serrate subapically; 1.4
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<normalizedToken id="042D9995CB534BC65F0D1967F8D268D0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, disc without microreticulation but with extremely coarse punctures arranged into striae, with tiny punctures between strial punctures; dorso-ventrally flattened. Penis (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="3308E8FD43C54E4D6D0A6619E69A9745" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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) elongate, 6.4
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<normalizedToken id="3207A4BF8D1FD22BD0F0538BEF67FC76" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide; parallel-sided; abruptly widened from apical 1/3 to 1/6, apex circular; slightly curved at lateral view; ventral surface well sclerotized; endophallic sclerite complex (Fig. 7H) large, about 0.6
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<normalizedToken id="D6414B065EE55B962F35CE15CA62C109" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as penis, composed of one median sclerite and one pair of lateral sclerites, median sclerite longitudinal, strongly curved near apex, with lateral process at apical 1/4, with dense setae along apical margin of lateral process; lateral sclerites longitudinal but much shorter, about 0.5
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<normalizedToken id="41DE6ACDE8C284807EB53C588DB1245A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as median one, curved near apex, apices truncate or concave. Gonocoxae (Fig. 7F) wide, connected from base to middle, apices rounded, with dense elongate setae. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 7E) longitudinal, apex transverse, apical margin truncate; with dense short setae along lateral and apical margin; spiculum slender. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 7G) strongly swollen; pump short but strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct wide and deeply inserted into receptacle.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0BDE3FFE39D743ECF1B7F424784F66F9" pageId="14" pageNumber="135">
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<paragraph id="D29203E3FBCA7B6CFB839F84EA8E7DF5" pageId="14" pageNumber="135">
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Figures 6. Habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="E408D386D5F071B9042D93FD6BA848C8" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" rank="genus">Gallerucida</taxonomicName>
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species. A
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<taxonomicName id="3D8B876823A44959E9CC7906458F7F7C" lsidName="G. lutea" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="lutea">G. lutea</taxonomicName>
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Gressitt & Kimoto, male, dorsal view B Ditto, ventral view C
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<taxonomicName id="DBC6F10D2DA941296D9BD60B2DB89AF2" lsidName="G. lutea" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="lutea">G. lutea</taxonomicName>
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Gressitt & Kimoto, female, color variation, dorsal view D
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<taxonomicName id="5B5035AB8629577B04332D81D1635ECC" lsidName="G. sauteri" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="sauteri">G. sauteri</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="376C07BEA6B389DB75FF4EA6023963EF" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
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, male, dorsal view E Ditto, ventral view F
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<taxonomicName id="44C595DD19A9D87F4DD03A6B1033C059" lsidName="G. sauteri" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="sauteri">G. sauteri</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="2664FC71CDA0E8692451C346AA5390EF" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
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, male, color variation, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="24AB6A83AC70FBCDE755246A79D60D6D" pageId="14" pageNumber="135">
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<paragraph id="C60755E363E2A12A3462ECC3AA08531F" pageId="14" pageNumber="135">
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Figures 7. Diagnostic characters of
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<taxonomicName id="33FE02C064CFF18451C5439D57FA6297" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida lutea" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="lutea">Gallerucida lutea</taxonomicName>
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Gressitt & Kimoto. A Antenna, male B Antenna, female C Penis, dorsal view D Penis, lateral view E Abdominal ventrite VIII F Gonocoxae G Spermatheca H Endophallic sclerites.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4559F7527267CE2298667C9D7AE6999B" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" type="variation">
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<paragraph id="1B5D67E1878860B64220706654CDC8F6" pageId="14" pageNumber="135">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E62DCD585D3B84D21AF46423C7C3FDE6" pageId="14" pageNumber="135">Some individuals have black legs and bodies darker than usual (Fig. 6C).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="32645E4F15C5D5CA894FB287D6E0A8D4" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" type="host">
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<paragraph id="5A63459283F4EB3925BF4967A6018E45" pageId="14" pageNumber="135">Host plant.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="327669AF98D158AD4E8926518C93822B" pageId="14" pageNumber="135">
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<taxonomicName id="391E75DDE4CC2FE511FB6AFBB657E453" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Vitales" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="C6B0F11D77D82123D6D83087B64A07E1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis kelungensis" order="Vitales" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kelungensis">Vitis kelungensis</taxonomicName>
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Moriyama (
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<bibRefCitation id="39D1D212A82D4027CC3E90AD8470FBE8" author="Lee, C-F" journalOrPublisher="Sishou-Hills Insect Observation Network and Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, COA, New Taipei City and Taichung City" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="The Chrysomelidae of Taiwan 2." year="2010">Lee and Cheng 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86E622BEB335BCBAEDE3489EEBACE8BF" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="0A0E2376B3553D21B59A5E30F909995D" pageId="14" pageNumber="135">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A98725E9EDFF0D05DAFA0102526FCE9B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="14" pageNumber="135">
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<taxonomicName id="CED29D28B6D11F8648F19DEEA5C9E669" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida lutea" pageId="14" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="lutea">Gallerucida lutea</taxonomicName>
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populations are presumably univoltine. The following life cycle information is based on our (TCRT) observations (
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<bibRefCitation id="FD5F1AFBA95D316291B7F533F7927882" author="Lee, C-F" journalOrPublisher="Sishou-Hills Insect Observation Network and Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, COA, New Taipei City and Taichung City" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="The Chrysomelidae of Taiwan 2." year="2010">Lee and Cheng 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). Females began to deposit an average of 140 eggs in single egg masses (Fig. 8A) during April or May.
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<pageBreakToken id="5BC10A9A62B304D07091DE1EB027D51D" pageId="15" pageNumber="136" start="start">Eggs</pageBreakToken>
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hatched in 9 days. The larvae (Fig. 8B) fed on leaves and the larval duration was 11 days. Mature larvae (Fig. 8C) burrowed into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation (fig. 33E). Duration of the pupal stage was 15-17 days. Newly emerged adults appeared during spring and were active (Fig. 8D) during summer and autumn.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="44CD48875187F89154FEA7CDDDD27ECC" pageId="15" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<paragraph id="8512DB2857B1CE60C3871463CBEC19D6" pageId="15" pageNumber="136">
|
||
Figures 8. Field photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C42140564E7CB8C39520699AFFDA9F96" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida lutea" pageId="15" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="lutea">Gallerucida lutea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gressitt & Kimoto. A Egg mass B Early instar larvae C Mature larvae D Adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8733037890EEBE8C843B7639DDB58422" pageId="15" pageNumber="136" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D3B177CB038439E7978CBB510F9AEAD" pageId="15" pageNumber="136">Other material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6DF60CC7D4951B03162FE8B26A5D06BB" pageId="15" pageNumber="136">
|
||
CHINA. 3♂♂, 3♀♀ (BMNH); TAIWAN. Kaoshiang: 1♀ (TARI), Tona trail [多納林道], 3.XII.2012, leg. W.-C. Liao; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 10.IX.2014, leg. B.-X. Guo; Keelung: 1♀ (TARI), Kangtzuliao [槓子寮], 28.IX.2011, leg. H. Lee; Taipei: 1♂ (TARI), Yangmingshan [陽明山], 15.III.1998, leg. C.-F. Lee; 7♂♂, 11♀♀ (TARI), same locality, reared from eggs, 6.VII.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou; 11♂♂, 10♀♀ (TARI), same locality, reared from eggs, 26.V.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou; 1♂ (TARI), Yulu trail [魚路古道], 6.VII.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou; 1♀ (TARI), same but with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="52A6F391E56EA5474E7785ADB2D34581" originalValue="“3.V.2009”">"3.V.2009"</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6747FF22C400ABF9C7B51FEED6F00D7F" pageId="15" pageNumber="136" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="ACC295EBE371A33E5E537AA6807FF314" pageId="15" pageNumber="136">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="68DAA8DD66E5EF2DB46C04E0193FE8CC" pageId="15" pageNumber="136">China, Korea, Taiwan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |