80 lines
10 KiB
XML
80 lines
10 KiB
XML
<document id="6BB3BB061F58FFFECCFDE6B47EDFB2B9" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a850022-3fbc-4643-a17a-8f7bca314619" ModsDocID="20017" checkinTime="1252781348276" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Wilson, E. O." docDate="2003" docId="94EBCF9593A324ADDBCE4CFB056ACD63" docLanguage="en" docName="20017_p_and_more_group_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017" docTitle="Pheidole militicida Wheeler" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="586" masterDocId="73EDC9C5AB0725CB6B0DF69F187F7798" masterDocTitle="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." pageNumber="586" updateTime="1701311082057" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="17EDAB691866C0CBF7B3FE43778A013A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C476E4A4B1EDB8798EDDF255BBA75794">
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<mods:title id="55B88CC5F09DFBAD49C615B8832E6431">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="43A958E606BB0B167B59AEC00DA7C4CC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="758501E0921F45F4D559EA53279E90F8">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1C81D9C9064206EBB02F88AA4BAC62A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CC7495911CE194197FFD69A51C476A13">Wilson, E. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B528BC993C1D723492CA7D37D37400CF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="9C1E0C7EB742E7814084738DF06ADE4A">2003</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="DB75FEE35FB0D741531482DC2394A5ED">Harvard University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="B7981E6248A3A7F5A892C319A6793275">
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<mods:placeTerm id="330AC64EA351D5367E7866B4061D8CE3">Cambridge, MA</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:location id="506B3413F2F8B1D135B208421C4A6BBF">
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<mods:url id="50D323602B2A454EC06E13CF15578932">http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E17263961CADD858809ECC8C45DDB0E3">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4154A183504ACB1BFD2D908261D07854" type="HNS-Pub">20017</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="94EBCF9593A324ADDBCE4CFB056ACD63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274312" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:94EBCF9593A324ADDBCE4CFB056ACD63" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/94EBCF9593A324ADDBCE4CFB056ACD63" lastPageNumber="586" pageNumber="586">
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<subSubSection id="0175628A4FDF101639C991FD0C27DA81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FC9201A6170C334F76F0C2408C717644" pageNumber="586">
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<taxonomicName id="3A7E7CC6E31E83A5BAA08846F0A2BECF" ID-CoL="4FYG3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33869" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole militicida Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole militicida Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militicida">Pheidole militicida Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E8CCC1B321327647C8EDE233FBC195CC" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="272C7A7E1EB8511DB0AB2C323E0DCC80" pageNumber="586">
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<taxonomicName id="9108343E4F9FA64B5EC5DBC9FF0CAAF1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33869" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole militicida Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole militicida Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militicida">Pheidole militicida Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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1915b: 398.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="90D1EF2FB680EB50EFD8ED080618E345" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7621393AF7DA5CCED90D42A4EA774230" pageNumber="586">Types Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="879233D9E13F9FF1413779EFD3F8AD98" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8969266A6D9AD282233FF3B9D50B424E" pageNumber="586">
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etymology L
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<taxonomicName id="71F77DDC8F66FA9312C613134766A1F8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33869" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole militicida Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole militicida Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militicida">militicida</taxonomicName>
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, soldier killer, based on Wheeler's mistaken belief that colonies of this species periodically execute their own majors.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="44C55AC549F906DBBC14F2F3D428C218" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4D810EDDE2C3D0AB784813C31085CD33" pageNumber="586">
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Diagnosis A giant species of the
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<taxonomicName id="33B52AD733A2D0908ECDC1CED7F3E729" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
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group distinguished in addition as follows.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A038FDA7672E7693FD133595CCDCE5A2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6D6DA623A809571EDD8BAF02A8D04DA9" pageNumber="586">Major: reddish yellow; petiolar node in side view tapering to a blunt point, its apex bearing a transverse carina; the postpetiolar node from above angulate, its crest also bearing a transverse carina; a small, angular subpostpetiolar process present; the posterior half of the head and almost all the rest of the body smooth and shiny; pilosity erect, relatively short, and very dense. Minor: eye very large, head quadrate in full-face view; humerus lobose in dorsal-oblique view; postpetiolar node depressed; almost all of the body smooth and shiny.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B3E180E8C3F9D8AC6E60C874545276B" pageNumber="586">Measurements (mm) Syntype major: HW 2.66, HL 2.50, SL 0.96, EL 0.32, PW 1.20. Syntype minor: HW 0.84, HL 0.92, SL 0.74, EL 0.26,. PW 0.52.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7FE3B58545987549BC9E9F1D85CC7911" pageNumber="586">color Major: concolorous reddish yellow. Minor: body dark reddish brown, appendages brownish yellow.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EE635DCFE0005AB989B83C248CDD79C8" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="4BE4129416E3849D9ED8CE2BE414CDEA" pageNumber="586">range Southern Arizona, New Mexico, extreme western Texas.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CCB594748A9BD733CC8CE5A080FD5D45" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="522498055ED911F472E10A56CF639492" pageNumber="586">
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Biology
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<taxonomicName id="A21274348B1228F6FF40CF002A222302" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33869" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole militicida Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole militicida Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militicida">P. militicida</taxonomicName>
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builds crater nests, often surrounded by piles of seed chaff in the soil of deserts. Stefan Cover and Gary D. Alpert (unpublished collection data) found nests at 1300-1500 m; winged queens and males are present in at least the first half of July, in separate collections by G. D. Alpert, W. S. Creighton, and S. P. Cover. The species is also a major seed harvester in xeric habitats. Holldobler and Moglich (1980) have described trunk trails laid out by minors along which thousands of ants travel to the areas where seeds are then harvested and brought back to the nest. The system resembles that of the famous desert harvester ants of the genera
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<taxonomicName id="F14F6B0B65F8FAF3D184E7856B7A84FC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24881" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Messor" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Messor Forel" lsidName-HNS="Messor Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Messor</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F9BAEDD734EBD4F0E162C33A7DE8ECF6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24869" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pogonomyrmex Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pogonomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pogonomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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. The trunk trails start as chemical recruitment trails and are stabilized by more enduring chemical orientation cues and visual markers. And like
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<taxonomicName id="151F7DBAC87D7490BD076C03168A5B75" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24881" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Messor" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Messor Forel" lsidName-HNS="Messor Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Messor</taxonomicName>
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, the workers shift the direction of the foraging pathway or establish a new route when the seed supplies in the target foraging area diminish. Because W. M. Mann and W. M. Wheeler found majors in the nests near Benson, Arizona, in the seed-bearing season of August and remains of majors on the chaff piles in November, Wheeler (1915b) speculated that majors are produced in the colony prior to the harvesting season and killed afterward -hence the name he gave the species. This hypothesis was persuasively discarded but not entirely disproved by Creighton and Gregg (1955). A careful study of the life cycle and division of labor in this unusual species will prove rewarding. The disproportionately huge major suggests that it may also be a storage caste. The majors are also the focus of a myrmecological mystery story.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="15E309986EE77A00BA03AB5601F7F732" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D66BEA6CC5977A927177B61FACACF662" pageNumber="586">Figure Upper: syntype, major. Lower: syntype, minor. ARIZONA: Hereford, Cochise Co. Scale bars = 1 mm.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |