846 lines
81 KiB
XML
846 lines
81 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.870.32903" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2d83e783-f524-41d8-b100-6c01fb65766f" ID-PMC="PMC6692301" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-870-33" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6D17E5E36BEB580297B56873E440C726" ID-PubMed="31419269" ID-ZooBank="64DCA855CCB34DC9A607F614750CAC11" ModsDocID="1313-2970-870-33" checkinTime="1565114938772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wu, Min & Liu, Zhengping" docDate="2019" docId="93DE6CE39077552587BB0FA5DDAB0AE4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 870: 33-50" docOrigin="ZooKeys 870" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.870.32903" docTitle="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. &, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="6D17E5E36BEB580297B56873E440C726" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="6D17E5E36BEB580297B56873E440C726" masterDocTitle="The first proven oxychilid land snail endemic to China (Eupulmonata, Gastrodontoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1668167686768" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>The first proven oxychilid land snail endemic to China (Eupulmonata, Gastrodontoidea)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Wu, Min</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Liu, Zhengping</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>870</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>33</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>50</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.870.32903</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.870.32903</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-870-33</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">64DCA855CCB34DC9A607F614750CAC11</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159021818" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:93DE6CE39077552587BB0FA5DDAB0AE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/93DE6CE39077552587BB0FA5DDAB0AE4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="93de6ce3-9077-5525-87bb-0fa5ddab0ae4" authority="gen. nov. &" class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. &</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="37">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov and sp. nov. (blue dot), Zonites scrobiculatus scrobiculatus Gredler, 1885 (orange dot), and Zonites scrobiculatus hupeina Gredler, 1887 (green dot)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323780" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. shells. A Holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B-E paratypes, HBUMM 08236 specimens 2 - 4, 6." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323781" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08236 specimen 4, paratype A magnified embryonic shell B surface of teleoconch, magnified." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323782" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 A partial soft part B partial jaw. Dotted line indicating axis line C genitalia in general view. At-atrium; BC-bursa copulatrix; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323783" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. A Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath B, C holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B interior view of penis C a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, paratype A-C indicating that the median part of epiphallus was dissecting out from the penis sheath C arrow indicates epiphallus insertion. Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323785" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Scatter plot of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (yielded by canonical variate analysis), showing morphological relationship among Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. (red dots), Zonites scrobiculatus scrobiculatus Gredler, 1885 and Zonites scrobiculatus hupeina Gredler, 1887 (light blue dots), Indian Ariophanta spp. (Raheem et al. 2014) (dark blue dots) and oxychiline spp. (Sysoev and Schileyko 2009) (orange dots). A diagram showing design of landmarks (numbered) and semi-landmarks (not numbered) is provided." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323786" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Maximum likelihood tree based on ITS 2 gene (- ln likelihood = − 1746.99). Ingroups: Euconulus Reinhardt, 1883 (Euconulidae), Vitrea Fitzinger, 1833 (Pristilomatidae), Oxychilus Fitzinger, 1833 (Oxychilidae), and Sinoxychilus gen. nov. (Oxychilidae). This ML tree shares the same topology with the Bayesian Inference tree. Numbers on branches indicate maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323787" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Habitat of Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. Qingchengshan, Sichuan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323788" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. Active animals. The photo was taken in laboratory rather than from the original habitat." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323789" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">10</figureCitation>
|
||
, Table 1
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
, 1 fma (HBUMM08236 specimen-1), Qingchengshan Mt., humid forest, in litter (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Habitat of Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. Qingchengshan, Sichuan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323788" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); Sichuan Province, China;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="30.919" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="30.919">30.919N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="103.494" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="103.494">103.494E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 24 March 2018; coll. Liu, Zhengping & Ma, Hongwen.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
, 3 fma (HBUMM08236; specimens 2-4) and 2 fully mature empty shells (HBUMM08236; specimens 6, 7), collection data as holotype. One empty shell specimen (HBUMM08236; specimen 5) was broken accidentally after measurement and as a result is not included as a paratype. From each of type specimens with soft parts (HBUMM08236; specimens 1-4) a piece of foot (HBUMM08236a; specimens 1-4) was cut and preserved in 99.7% ethanol at −20 °C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="38" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Shell (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. shells. A Holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B-E paratypes, HBUMM 08236 specimens 2 - 4, 6." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323781" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08236 specimen 4, paratype A magnified embryonic shell B surface of teleoconch, magnified." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323782" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dextral; clearly depressed; very thin and fragile; opaque. Whorls convex. Suture impressed. Umbilicus moderately wide. Basal-umbilicus transition gentle. Columella arched to oblique. Columellar lip not dilated, never covering umbilicus. Protoconch with intercrossing radial wrinkles and spiral grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08236 specimen 4, paratype A magnified embryonic shell B surface of teleoconch, magnified." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323782" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Teleoconch with regularly, densely distributed spiral furrows (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08236 specimen 4, paratype A magnified embryonic shell B surface of teleoconch, magnified." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323782" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Growth lines fine, distinct. Aperture large, oblique, somewhat sinuate at peristome. Body whorl straight. Adult shell neither hairy nor scaly. Body whorl of adult shell very bluntly angulate at periphery, with base convex. Aperture toothless, unexpanded. Peristome rather thin. Callus indistinct. Shell in uniformly greenish yellow, spiral band absent (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. shells. A Holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B-E paratypes, HBUMM 08236 specimens 2 - 4, 6." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323781" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Measurements (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6): shell height = 6.7-8.1 (7.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.55) mm, shell breadth = 12.6-13.8 (13.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.51) mm, aperture height = 4.9-5.7 (5.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.31) mm, aperture width = 2.2-2.6 (2.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.16) mm, embryonic shell whorls = 1.38-1.63 (1.50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.079) mm, whorls = 4.25-4.63 (4.41
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.151) mm, shell height/breadth ratio = 0.53-0.62 (0.58
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.030) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323780" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Figure 1. Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov and sp. nov. (blue dot),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites scrobiculatus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculatus" subspecies="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Zonites scrobiculatus scrobiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1885 (orange dot), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites scrobiculatus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculatus" subspecies="hupeina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Zonites scrobiculatus hupeina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1887 (green dot).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323781" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. and sp. nov. shells.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype, HBUMM08236 specimen 1
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
paratypes, HBUMM08236 specimens 2-4, 6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323782" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. and sp. nov. HBUMM08236 specimen 4, paratype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
|
||
magnified embryonic shell
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
|
||
surface of teleoconch, magnified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
General anatomy. Sole tripartite. Caudal foss or caudal horn absent. Eversible head wart between ommatophore insertions absent. Tentacles and dorsum leaden-black. After preservation in 70% ethanol, black pigments on animal become faint. Lower sides and sole creamy white (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 A partial soft part B partial jaw. Dotted line indicating axis line C genitalia in general view. At-atrium; BC-bursa copulatrix; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323783" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. Active animals. The photo was taken in laboratory rather than from the original habitat." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323789" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Jaw oxygnathous, with an evidently median projection (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 A partial soft part B partial jaw. Dotted line indicating axis line C genitalia in general view. At-atrium; BC-bursa copulatrix; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323783" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="39" start="start">Genitalia</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 A partial soft part B partial jaw. Dotted line indicating axis line C genitalia in general view. At-atrium; BC-bursa copulatrix; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323783" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. A Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath B, C holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B interior view of penis C a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, paratype A-C indicating that the median part of epiphallus was dissecting out from the penis sheath C arrow indicates epiphallus insertion. Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323785" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Penis sheath about half length of penis, in holotype and two paratypes wrapping about 1/3 central epiphallus (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 A partial soft part B partial jaw. Dotted line indicating axis line C genitalia in general view. At-atrium; BC-bursa copulatrix; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323783" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, paratype A-C indicating that the median part of epiphallus was dissecting out from the penis sheath C arrow indicates epiphallus insertion. Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323785" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">6</figureCitation>
|
||
), but in one specimen (HBUMM08236; specimen 2) median part of epiphallus loosely joined to distal penis sheath by connective tissue (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. A Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath B, C holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B interior view of penis C a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Penis more or less long, moderately thick, surface simple. Sarcobelum absent. Penial caecum present (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 A partial soft part B partial jaw. Dotted line indicating axis line C genitalia in general view. At-atrium; BC-bursa copulatrix; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323783" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. A Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath B, C holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B interior view of penis C a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. A Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath B, C holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B interior view of penis C a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, paratype A-C indicating that the median part of epiphallus was dissecting out from the penis sheath C arrow indicates epiphallus insertion. Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323785" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">6</figureCitation>
|
||
), having no ex
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="40" start="start">ternal</pageBreakToken>
|
||
demarcation between it and penis (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 A partial soft part B partial jaw. Dotted line indicating axis line C genitalia in general view. At-atrium; BC-bursa copulatrix; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323783" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. A Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath B, C holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B interior view of penis C a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, paratype A-C indicating that the median part of epiphallus was dissecting out from the penis sheath C arrow indicates epiphallus insertion. Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323785" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Penial retractor muscle inserting on top of penial caecum. Flagellum absent. Epiphallus thin, but 2-3 times thicker than vas deferens (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 A partial soft part B partial jaw. Dotted line indicating axis line C genitalia in general view. At-atrium; BC-bursa copulatrix; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323783" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. A Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath B, C holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B interior view of penis C a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, paratype A-C indicating that the median part of epiphallus was dissecting out from the penis sheath C arrow indicates epiphallus insertion. Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323785" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal part of epiphallus attached at lateral side of penis by connective tissue before entering it. Penial caecum internally with three pairs of symmetrically arranged low transversal ridges near epiphallic pore which is surrounded by several very fine pilasters (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. A Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath B, C holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B interior view of penis C a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epiphallic papilla absent. Penis internally with a thickened,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘M’">'M'</normalizedToken>
|
||
-shaped median pilaster which has two arms branching into several narrow pilasters and the median pilaster running to the most proximal part of penis where it extends and forming a transversal ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. A Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath B, C holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B interior view of penis C a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘M’">'M'</normalizedToken>
|
||
-shaped median pilaster consists of connected tubercles, the apex of each bearing a very short spinelet that without exception points to atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. A Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath B, C holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B interior view of penis C a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vagina short, internally simple, without papilla/verge. Perivaginal gland well developed on surface of vagina and proximal part of bursa copulatrix duct (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 A partial soft part B partial jaw. Dotted line indicating axis line C genitalia in general view. At-atrium; BC-bursa copulatrix; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323783" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. A Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath B, C holotype, HBUMM 08236 specimen 1 B interior view of penis C a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Measurements of holotype: P = 5.0 mm; Ep = 8.4 mm; VD = 6.5 mm; PR = 2.3 mm; Va = 2.3 mm; BC + BCD = 11.8 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323783" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. and sp. nov., holotype, HBUMM08236 specimen 1
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
|
||
partial soft part
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
|
||
partial jaw. Dotted line indicating axis line
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia in general view. At-atrium; BC-bursa copulatrix; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323784" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. and sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia in general view, paratype, HBUMM08236 specimen 2, showing the median section of epiphallus is not wrapped inside the penis sheath
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, HBUMM08236 specimen 1
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
|
||
interior view of penis
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
|
||
a section of magnified penial pilaster, showing apical spinelet on each tubercle consisting the penial pilaster. At-atrium; BCD-bursa copulatrix duct; Ep-epiphallus; FO-free oviduct; OE-orifice of epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PP-penial pilaster; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; PVG-perivaginal gland; Va-vagina; VD-vas deferens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323785" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. and sp. nov., HBUMM08236 specimen 2, paratype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
indicating that the median part of epiphallus was dissecting out from the penis sheath
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
|
||
arrow indicates epiphallus insertion. Ep-epiphallus; P-penis; PC-penial caecum; PR-penial retractor muscle; PS-penis sheath; VD-vas deferens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">The new species is known only from its type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The species is named for the clear demarcation between the leaden black ommatophores and dorsum and the remaining creamy white body, which is reminescent of the giant panda,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ailuropoda melanoleuca" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Ailuropoda melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the color pattern of clear-cut patches of black and white (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. Active animals. The photo was taken in laboratory rather than from the original habitat." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323789" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The new species was found living in extremely humid environment at type locality. In the laboratory, below 100% relative humidity, animals became active at the relatively lower temperature of 5 °C (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. Active animals. The photo was taken in laboratory rather than from the original habitat." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323789" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) before they were totally inactive at room temperature (ca. 25 °C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="taxonomic remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Taxonomic remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
This new species can be distinguished from all other Chinese
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Hyalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyalina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Hyalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the measurements of its shells (Table 2) and other features. This species, however, as kindly pointed out by Dr Barna
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
|
||
, is obviously close to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites scrobiculatus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Zonites scrobiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1885, which was usually treated
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="41" start="start">as</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a species in the bradybaenine genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Coccoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccoglypta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Coccoglypta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pilsbry, 1895 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
|
||
in press). The species can be promptly distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. scrobiculatus" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Z. scrobiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has two subspecies, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. scrobiculatus" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculatus" subspecies="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Z. scrobiculatus scrobiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites scrobiculatus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Zonites scrobiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1885a: 220-221, pl. 6, fig. 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refId="B35">Tryon 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 53, figs 12-14;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bachmann, O" journalOrPublisher="Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" pagination="415 - 429" refId="B2" refString="Bachmann, O, Gredler, V, 1894. Zur Conchylien-Fauna von China. XVIII. Stueck. Annalen des K. K. . Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 9: 415 - 429" title="Zur Conchylien-Fauna von China. XVIII. Stueck. Annalen des K. K." volume="9" year="1894">Bachmann and Gredler 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 416 (radula);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Gastrodontidae" genus="Retinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Retinella scrobiculata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobiculata">Retinella? scrobiculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kobelt 1899: 918, pl. 241, figs 10, 11;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Coccoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccoglypta scrobiculata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculata" subspecies="scrobiculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Coccoglypta scrobiculata scrobiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaf" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 234" refId="B37" refString="Yen, TC, 1939. Die chinesischen Land-und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. . Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaf 444: 1 - 234" title="Die chinesischen Land-und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg." volume="444" year="1939">Yen 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 153, pl. 15, fig. 62;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Coccoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccoglypta scrobiculata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobiculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Coccoglypta scrobiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refId="B39">Zilch 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 211;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Coccoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccoglypta (Coccoglypta)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Coccoglypta">Coccoglypta (Coccoglypta)</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicinidae" genus="Gastrodontoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrodontoidea scrobiculata" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculata" subspecies="scrobiculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="42" start="start">scrobiculata</pageBreakToken>
|
||
scrobiculata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="B38">Zilch 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 180] and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. scrobiculatus" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculatus" subspecies="hupeina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Z. scrobiculatus hupeina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1887 [
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Zonites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nanina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?)
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicinidae" genus="Gastrodontoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrodontoidea scrobiculatus var. hupeina" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="scrobiculatus" variety="hupeina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">scrobiculatus var. hupeina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gredler, V" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuecher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" pagination="343 - 369" refId="B13" refString="Gredler, V, 1887b. Zur Conchylienfauna von China. . Jahrbuecher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 14: 343 - 369" title="Zur Conchylienfauna von China." volume="14" year="1887 b">Gredler 1887b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 344-345;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Coccoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccoglypta scrobiculata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculata" subspecies="hupeina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Coccoglypta scrobiculata hupeina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaf" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 234" refId="B37" refString="Yen, TC, 1939. Die chinesischen Land-und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. . Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaf 444: 1 - 234" title="Die chinesischen Land-und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg." volume="444" year="1939">Yen 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 153, pl. 15, fig. 63;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="B39">Zilch 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 199;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Coccoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccoglypta (Coccoglypta) scrobiculata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculata" subGenus="Coccoglypta" subspecies="hupeina">Coccoglypta (Coccoglypta) scrobiculata hupeina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="B38">Zilch 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 180], by having a distinctly smaller shell, with fewer whorls, and a particular shell shape which is sharply divergent from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. scrobiculatus" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="43" start="start">Z</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. scrobiculatus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Scatter plot of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (yielded by canonical variate analysis), showing morphological relationship among Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. (red dots), Zonites scrobiculatus scrobiculatus Gredler, 1885 and Zonites scrobiculatus hupeina Gredler, 1887 (light blue dots), Indian Ariophanta spp. (Raheem et al. 2014) (dark blue dots) and oxychiline spp. (Sysoev and Schileyko 2009) (orange dots). A diagram showing design of landmarks (numbered) and semi-landmarks (not numbered) is provided." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323786" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also geographically distant from the geographic range of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. scrobiculatus" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Z. scrobiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov and sp. nov. (blue dot), Zonites scrobiculatus scrobiculatus Gredler, 1885 (orange dot), and Zonites scrobiculatus hupeina Gredler, 1887 (green dot)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323780" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, we are inclined to believe that based on shell morphology
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. scrobiculatus" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Z. scrobiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Sinoxychilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although anatomical and molecular evidence is unavailable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="C89CC78C87237B46954EE62D52D0D744" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C89CC78C87237B46954EE62D52D0D744" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Table 2. Shell measurements and distribution of Chinese species once grouped in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Hyalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyalina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Hyalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Férussac">Ferussac</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1821, with synonyms excluded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<table pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Whorls</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Diam. maj. (mm)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Height (mm)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Marginellidae" genus="Hyalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyalina fulva" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Hyalina fulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
O.F.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1774
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5-6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5*</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Beijing, E Mongolia</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. politissima" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="politissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. politissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">24</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Sri Lanka, NE China</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. rejecta" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="rejecta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. rejecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L. Pfeiffer, 1859)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Hunan, Guangdong, NE China</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. superlita" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="superlita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. superlita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Morelet, 1862)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5-5.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">16.5-21</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">10-11.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Guangdong, Macao</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. perdita" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="perdita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. perdita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Deshayes, 1874)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">1.5*</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Beijing, E Mongolia</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. moellendorffi" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="moellendorffi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. moellendorffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Reinhardt, 1877)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Beijing</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. (Conulus) franciscana" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="franciscana" subGenus="Conulus">H. (Conulus) franciscana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1881
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Hunan</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName infraspecific-rank="f." lsidName="H. (Conulus) planula" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="planula" subGenus="Conulus">H. (Conulus) f. planula</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1881
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Hunan</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. (Conulus) spiriplana" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spiriplana" subGenus="Conulus">H. (Conulus) spiriplana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4.5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">13/4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Hunan</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H." pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Gastrodontidae" genus="Zonitoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonitoides" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Zonitoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?)
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicinidae" genus="Gastrodontoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrodontoidea loana" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="loana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">loana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">43/4-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Hunan</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. bambusicola" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. bambusicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5-4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Anhui</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. castaneola" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="castaneola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. castaneola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3-4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Anhui</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. colombeliana" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="colombeliana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. colombeliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4.5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Jiangsu</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. gredleriana" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="gredleriana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. gredleriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">2.5-3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Hunan</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. imbellis" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="imbellis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. imbellis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5-33/4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Anhui</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. planula" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="planula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. planula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6-7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Anhui</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. planata" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="planata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. planata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">9-10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Hunan</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. rathouisii" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="rathouisii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. rathouisii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Shanghai</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sekingeriana" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="sekingeriana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. sekingeriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5-33/4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Anhui</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sinensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5-6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Yangtze River Valley</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. spelaea" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spelaea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. spelaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4-4.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Jiangsu</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. zikaveiensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="zikaveiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. zikaveiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heude, 1882
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Shanghai</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. crystallodes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="crystallodes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">H. crystallodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1885
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5-5.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Hunan</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323786" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Figure 7. Scatter plot of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (yielded by canonical variate analysis), showing morphological relationship among
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. and sp. nov. (red dots),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites scrobiculatus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculatus" subspecies="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Zonites scrobiculatus scrobiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1885 and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites scrobiculatus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculatus" subspecies="hupeina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Zonites scrobiculatus hupeina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1887 (light blue dots), Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Ariophanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariophanta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Ariophanta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Raheem, DC" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Natural History, Supplement" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 294" refId="B26" refString="Raheem, DC, Taylor, H, Ablett, J, Preece, RC, Aravind, NA, Naggs, F, 2014. A systematic revision of the land snails of the Western Ghats of India. . Tropical Natural History, Supplement 4: 1 - 294" title="A systematic revision of the land snails of the Western Ghats of India." volume="4" year="2014">Raheem et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (dark blue dots) and oxychiline spp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sysoev, A" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia / Moscow" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" refId="B33" refString="Sysoev, A, Schileyko, A, 2009. Land Snails and Slugs of Russia and Adjacent Countries. . Pensoft Publishers, Sofia/Moscow" title="Land Snails and Slugs of Russia and Adjacent Countries." year="2009">Sysoev and Schileyko 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (orange dots). A diagram showing design of landmarks (numbered) and semi-landmarks (not numbered) is provided.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
|
||
With respect to the genitalia,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to the Japanese
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Urazirochlamys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urazirochlamys doenitzii" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="doenitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Urazirochlamys doenitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Reinhardt, 1877) (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Helicarionidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Helicarionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Azuma, M" journalOrPublisher="Hoikusha, Osaka" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" refId="B1" refString="Azuma, M, 1995. Colored Illustrations of the Land Snails of Japan. . Hoikusha, Osaka" title="Colored Illustrations of the Land Snails of Japan." year="1995">Azuma 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica, Supplement" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" pagination="1167 - 1307" refId="B30" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2002. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 9. Helicarionidae, Gymnarionidae, Rhysotinidae, Ariophantidae. . Ruthenica, Supplement 2: 1167 - 1307" title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 9. Helicarionidae, Gymnarionidae, Rhysotinidae, Ariophantidae." volume="2" year="2002">Schileyko 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in having the apical insertion of penial retractor and the absence of
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="44" start="start">flagellum</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica, Supplement" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" pagination="1167 - 1307" refId="B30" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2002. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 9. Helicarionidae, Gymnarionidae, Rhysotinidae, Ariophantidae. . Ruthenica, Supplement 2: 1167 - 1307" title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 9. Helicarionidae, Gymnarionidae, Rhysotinidae, Ariophantidae." volume="2" year="2002">Schileyko 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1600).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Sinoxychilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Urazirochlamys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urazirochlamys" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Urazirochlamys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Habe, 1946 also share a characteristically spirally sculptured protoconch. However, the latter genus has a caudal horn (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Azuma, M" journalOrPublisher="Hoikusha, Osaka" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" refId="B1" refString="Azuma, M, 1995. Colored Illustrations of the Land Snails of Japan. . Hoikusha, Osaka" title="Colored Illustrations of the Land Snails of Japan." year="1995">Azuma 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 28, fig. 339), which suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Urazirochlamys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urazirochlamys" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Urazirochlamys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Oxychilidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" rank="family">Oxychilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
|
||
With the exception of two genera distributed in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula, oxychilid snails are only known from the Western Palearctic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Neubert, E" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Arabia" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" pagination="333 - 461" refId="B24" refString="Neubert, E, 1998. Annotated checklist of the terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of the Arabian Peninsula with descriptions of new species. . Fauna of Arabia 17: 333 - 461" title="Annotated checklist of the terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of the Arabian Peninsula with descriptions of new species." volume="17" year="1998">Neubert 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica, Supplement" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" pagination="1309 - 1466" refId="B31" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2003. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 10. Ariphantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. . Ruthenica, Supplement 2: 1309 - 1466" title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 10. Ariphantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae." volume="2" year="2003">Schileyko 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species described herein, and its congeners, are undoubtedly the easternmost representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Oxychilidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" rank="family">Oxychilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Sinoxychilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be an isolated group in China, remote from the main distribution area of the family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323787" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Figure 8. Maximum likelihood tree based on ITS2 gene (-ln likelihood = −1746.99). Ingroups:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Euconulidae" genus="Euconulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euconulus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Euconulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reinhardt, 1883 (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Euconulidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" rank="family">Euconulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pristilomatidae" genus="Vitrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vitrea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Vitrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fitzinger, 1833 (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Pristilomatidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" rank="family">Pristilomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Oxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Oxychilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fitzinger, 1833 (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Oxychilidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" rank="family">Oxychilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Sinoxychilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Oxychilidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" rank="family">Oxychilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This ML tree shares the same topology with the Bayesian Inference tree. Numbers on branches indicate maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323788" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Figure 9. Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. and sp. nov. Qingchengshan, Sichuan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323789" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Figure 10.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. and sp. nov. Active animals. The photo was taken in laboratory rather than from the original habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |