587 lines
116 KiB
XML
587 lines
116 KiB
XML
<document id="6DBE6E8B329954BB99DF9AAA48D1985A" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad132" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470646" ID-ZooBank="1FB8839E-9C7D-4B5D-A35C-BED4249BAF77C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1704720315230" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dey, Pritam K., Gąsiorek, Piotr & Michalczyk, Łukasz" docDate="2024" docId="9323FE1EFF9AD318FC46442FFA86F8FA" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad132.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad132" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.1:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Echiniscus brunus Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk 2024, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="6F1A8666FF9CD314FFA74667FFC0FFA6" masterDocTitle="Convergent evolution of dark, ultraviolet-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in a new Afro-Oriental Echiniscus brunus species complex (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae)" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="34" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1704721105750" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BA42C23F0D718C5B374843FF896EA8AF">Convergent evolution of dark, ultraviolet-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in a new Afro-Oriental Echiniscus brunus species complex (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0DB98DF76F915158885163502B133E9B">Dey, Pritam K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="77A925650CB7F8044B6F465BF5A8E762">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland & Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30 - 348 Kraków, Poland & Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5 - 7, DK- 1350, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="823F89C26A5968B719DAC6A9C7D0D868">Gąsiorek, Piotr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C367417B4789456666EA7724C073A73">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland & Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5 - 7, DK- 1350, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9D3943CC048ADCEB7F9586CABFCF2C4C" type="email">piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C510FDC449116DE00B1D62708AE8784D">Michalczyk, Łukasz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B85EB72B273B151F5DE3BBE3A3E0741">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="46A6F65C5F13E1C8810C4B3D4C001F1C" type="email">piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="07C8107910D25E91A88188C4D394FC76">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A196B854CD9D42B97CE36D663C9C5151">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5CBC1F8EEABD587A2E00EE266FE2F8A6">
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<mods:date id="E38D6435164D21098745B014DC5DEC59">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A2C484F725DF838C901245FF1C986BDF">2023-10-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="28033F6CCA5D4398D44E5B9DD4486C30">200</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="31CFC0503082D4095ED706478C924707">34</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="464BCB1959B9817787A41B6A4C148FA2">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad132</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="CE2CF5C70D0CCF60A2009FF4CC50936D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="262E13942770314A51BA14C3C0D12EC6" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad132</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9982ED448C3DC283370ECEC8076417AB" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9323FE1EFF9AD318FC46442FFA86F8FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9323FE1EFF9AD318FC46442FFA86F8FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9323FE1EFF9AD318FC46442FFA86F8FA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="53901C83FF9AD312FC46442FFB5BFD67" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1B354F08FF9AD312FC46442FFB3CFDC5" blockId="6.[993,1276,584,611]" box="[993,1276,584,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="407DF864FF9AD312FC46442FFB3CFDC5" bold="true" box="[993,1276,584,611]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9AD312FC46442FFB3CFDC5" bold="true" box="[993,1276,584,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF9AD312FC46442FFB6BFDC5" authority="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk, 2024" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[993,1195,584,611]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9AD312FC46442FFB6BFDC5" bold="true" box="[993,1195,584,611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Echiniscus brunus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="32CD2E61FF9AD312FB17442EFB3CFDC5" box="[1200,1276,585,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B354F08FF9AD312FC8D44EEFB5BFD67" blockId="6.[810,1459,649,768]" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9AD312FC8D44EEFBCDFD07" box="[810,1037,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">ZooBank registration</emphasis>
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:
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<uri id="6F1B430AFF9AD312FB9744EEFB5BFD67" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="6F2C75DDFF9AD312FA9744EEFB5BFD67" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">A3069A8C-45BD-4901-B106-DBD8EF7157E8</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53901C83FF9AD318FC8D44AFFA86F8FA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1B354F08FF9AD312FC8D44AFFBC6FCA6" blockId="6.[810,1459,649,768]" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FC9244AFFCBCFD46" box="[821,892,712,736]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[128,193,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[129,1473,144,1634]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. An STM (top row) and BFM (boưom row) comparison of in vivo specimens of: A, D, Viridiscus viridianus; B, E, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov; C, F, E. cf.succineus. All specimens were imaged under the same microscope and camera seưings. The same individuals were photographed using both methods, and they are also shown in Figures 4–7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470654/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FC3644AFFC5EFD46" box="[913,926,712,736]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FC1344AEFC10FD46" box="[948,976,713,736]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[206,1397,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@11.[206,1397,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. A UVM comparison of nine limno-terrestrial echiniscid species mounted in Hoyer’s medium, demonstrating the convergent dark, UV-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in Viridiscus and the Echiniscus brunus complex. A, Viridiscus viridianus. B, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. C, Echiniscus cf.succineus. D, Echiniscus ehrenbergi. E, Acanthechiniscus victor. F, Barbaria bigranulata. G, Cornechiniscus madagascariensis. H, Hypechiniscus exarmatus. I, Mopsechiniscus granulosus. All specimens were imaged under the same microscope and camera seưings. Individuals in A–C are the same as those shown in Figures 3–6. Scale bar:50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470662/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">7B</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FC4144AFFBC2FD46" box="[998,1026,712,736]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[113,178,705,729]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,677]" captionTargetId="figure-163@12.[114,1458,144,677]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. A UVM comparison of three voucher specimens (asser a Chelex DNA extraction) mounted in Hoyer’s medium and a naturally shed exuvia mounted in polyvinyl-alcohol lactophenol demonstrating the cuticular character of the dark, UV-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in darkly coloured echiniscids. A, Viridiscus viridianus. B, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. C, Echiniscus cf.succineus. D, Echiniscus ehrenbergi (exuvia with an egg). Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470664/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">8B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FBBF44AFFBF5FD46" box="[1048,1077,712,736]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[113,178,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,843,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-83@12.[114,1458,843,1613]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. A PCM comparison of scapular plates of species with (A–F) and without (G–I) dark cuticular pigmentation mounted in Hoyer’s medium. A, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype). B, Echiniscus aff.brunus sp. can. 1 from India. C, Echiniscus aff.brunus sp. can.2 from Tanzania. D, Viridiscus viridissimus. E, Viridiscus perviridis. F, Echiniscus ehrenbergi (paratype). G, Echiniscus testudo. H, Acanthechiniscus victor. I, Cornechiniscus madagascariensis. Arrowheads indicate the anterior suture. Scale bars: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470666/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">9A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FBEB44AFFBA6FD46" box="[1100,1126,712,736]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FBDB44AFFB56FD46" box="[1148,1174,712,736]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">11</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="56087AB3FF9AD312FB0944AFFAE8FD46" box="[1198,1320,712,736]" captionStart-0="Table 2" captionStart-1="Table 3" captionStart-2="Table 4" captionStartId-0="18.[113,168,141,165]" captionStartId-1="19.[129,184,143,167]" captionStartId-2="20.[113,168,143,167]" captionText-0="Table 2. Measurements (in micrometres) of selected morphological structures of adult females of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (type series) mounted in Hoyer’s medium.Abbreviation: sp, the proportion between the length of a given structure and the length of the scapular plate." captionText-1="Table 3. Measurements (in micrometres) of selected morphological structures of juveniles of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (type series) mounted in Hoyer’s medium.Abbreviation:sp, the proportion between the length of a given structure and the length of the scapular plate." captionText-2="Table 4. Measurements (in micrometres) of selected morphological structures of larvae of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (type series) mounted in Hoyer’s medium. Abbreviation: sp, the proportion between the length of a given structure and the length of the scapular plate." pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Tables 2–4</tableCitation>
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; Supporting Information, SM. 04)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B354F08FF9AD312FC8D4546FBD6FBB2" blockId="6.[810,1459,799,1044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9AD312FC8D4546FB9FFC9E" box="[810,1119,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Type locality and type series:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="ABE24555FF9AD312FBCB4546FBD6FBB2" country="India" elevation="2110" latitude="11.4152775" location="Department of Invertebrate Evolution" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.79305" municipality="Nilgiris" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="72" specimenCount-adult="13" specimenCount-exuvia="1" specimenCount-juvenile="9" specimenCount-larva="3" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="holotype">
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<geoCoordinate id="7EBE29CFFF9AD312FBCB4546FB26FC9E" box="[1132,1254,799,825]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" precision="15" seconds="55" value="11.4152775">11°24ʹ55″N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7EBE29CFFF9AD312FB5F4546FAAEFC9E" box="[1272,1390,799,825]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" precision="15" seconds="35" value="76.79305">76°47ʹ35″E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="90A7A83BFF9AD312FAD84546FCBDFCFE" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2110.0">
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<quantity id="DC72E2EDFF9AD312FAD84546FCFFFCFE" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2110.0">2110 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="639D0F98FF9AD312FC354527FC09FCFE" box="[914,969,832,856]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="D94E81EAFF9AD312FC7A4527FBA3FCFE" box="[989,1123,832,856]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="FB51D572FF9AD312FBD04527FB05FCFE" box="[1143,1221,832,856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Nilgiris</collectingMunicipality>
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||
, Kothagiri.
|
||
<typeStatus id="C431F1AAFF9AD312FAF74527FA73FCFE" box="[1360,1459,832,856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(adult female) on slide IN.391.02;
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||
<specimenCount id="0D8C8481FF9AD312FB394538FAE4FCDE" box="[1182,1316,863,888]" count="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">26 paratypes</specimenCount>
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||
(
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||
<specimenCount id="0D8C8481FF9AD312FA914507FA4FFCD1" box="[1334,1423,863,888]" count="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" type="adult">13 adult</specimenCount>
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||
females,
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||
<specimenCount id="0D8C8481FF9AD312FCD24518FBC8FC31" box="[885,1032,895,919]" count="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" type="juvenile">nine juveniles</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="0D8C8481FF9AD312FBB04518FB4AFC31" box="[1047,1162,895,919]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" type="exuvia">one exuvia</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="0D8C8481FF9AD312FB634518FA83FC31" box="[1220,1347,895,919]" count="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" type="larva">three larvae</specimenCount>
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) on slides IN.391.01–IN.391.13;
|
||
<specimenCount id="0D8C8481FF9AD312FBBD45F9FB62FC11" box="[1050,1186,926,951]" count="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">20 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
on SEM stub no. 22.05; three hologenophores preserved on slides IN.391.01–IN.391.3, all deposited in the
|
||
<location id="1E5519D3FF9AD312FC5645BAFAB2FC53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9323FE1EFF9AD318FC46442FFA86F8FA:1E5519D3FF9AD312FC5645BAFAB2FC53" box="[1009,1394,989,1013]" country="India" latitude="11.4152775" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.79305" municipality="Nilgiris" name="Department of Invertebrate Evolution" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Department of Invertebrate Evolution</location>
|
||
of the Jagiellonian University.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF9AD312FC8D4252FB59FB0D" blockId="6.[810,1460,1077,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9AD312FC8D4252FC59FBEB" box="[810,921,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
An epithet, in Latin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF9AD312FBCB4252FB6FFBEB" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[1132,1199,1077,1101]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9AD312FBCB4252FB6FFBEB" box="[1132,1199,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= brown, referring to the caramel/brown colour of the new species, the first formally described representative of the complex of brown echiniscids. An adjective in the nominative singular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF9AD312FCE142D4FA92F81D" blockId="6.[810,1460,1077,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Adult females (i.e. from the third instar onwards; measurements and statistics are in
|
||
<tableCitation id="56087AB3FF9AD312FBE642B5FB4EFB4C" box="[1089,1166,1234,1258]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="18.[113,168,141,165]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in micrometres) of selected morphological structures of adult females of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (type series) mounted in Hoyer’s medium.Abbreviation: sp, the proportion between the length of a given structure and the length of the scapular plate." pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body medium in size and plump (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FCD84296FC7DFAAF" box="[895,957,1265,1289]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[128,193,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[129,1473,144,1634]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. An STM (top row) and BFM (boưom row) comparison of in vivo specimens of: A, D, Viridiscus viridianus; B, E, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov; C, F, E. cf.succineus. All specimens were imaged under the same microscope and camera seưings. The same individuals were photographed using both methods, and they are also shown in Figures 4–7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470654/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FC6E4296FC16FAAF" box="[969,982,1265,1289]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FC444296FBE8FAAF" box="[995,1064,1265,1289]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">10A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FB934296FBBBFAAF" box="[1076,1147,1265,1289]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); dark orange pigments dominant in the ventral portion and limbs, but brown pigments prevalent within dorsal plates in living animals and specimens freshly mounted in Hoyer’s medium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FB164328FADBFAC1" box="[1201,1307,1359,1383]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Immediately asser the mount, specimen appears orange to crimson red with caramel–brown dorsal plates under PCM, while under BFM the body appears slightly greenish in colour, with orange pigment inside the body cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FBA143AAFBAFFA42" box="[1030,1135,1484,1509]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Several hours asser mounting, the body cavity becomes transparent, with a few droplets of yellowish orange pigments remaining inside the body cavity, but the dorsal and pedal plates appear more brown than caramel under PCM, while body cavity appears transparent with brown dorsal and pedal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FB80400EFB4AF927" box="[1063,1162,1641,1665]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Asser several days when all the yellow and orange pigmentation dissolve, the body cavity appears transparent, with brown dorsal plates and pedal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FC9240A0FC5EF979" box="[821,926,1735,1759]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Figs 5C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FC0D40A0FC04F979" box="[938,964,1735,1759]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Large red granular eye spots are present in all individuals and vanish asser mounting. Buccal apparatus is short, rigid, with large cochlear stylet furcae and no stylet supports. Peribuccal cirri with cirrophores, cephalic papilla (secondary clava) elongated and conical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FBFB4123FB06F8FA" box="[1116,1222,1860,1884]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Figs 5D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FB764122FB2BF8FB" box="[1233,1259,1861,1885]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FB504122FAD1F8FB" box="[1271,1297,1861,1885]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Primary clava small and tightly adjacent to the cirrophore of cirrus
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9AD312FAC24103FAB5F8DD" box="[1381,1397,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FA2E4103FCA5F83D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Figs 5D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FCD541E4FC50F83D" box="[882,912,1923,1947]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[113,178,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,843,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-83@12.[114,1458,843,1613]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. A PCM comparison of scapular plates of species with (A–F) and without (G–I) dark cuticular pigmentation mounted in Hoyer’s medium. A, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype). B, Echiniscus aff.brunus sp. can. 1 from India. C, Echiniscus aff.brunus sp. can.2 from Tanzania. D, Viridiscus viridissimus. E, Viridiscus perviridis. F, Echiniscus ehrenbergi (paratype). G, Echiniscus testudo. H, Acanthechiniscus victor. I, Cornechiniscus madagascariensis. Arrowheads indicate the anterior suture. Scale bars: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470666/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FC3941E4FC25F83D" box="[926,997,1923,1947]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">10A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FC5541E4FBF9F83D" box="[1010,1081,1923,1947]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is extremely short, in some specimens even shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9AD312FBF641C4FB1EF81C" box="[1105,1246,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">cirrus externus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9AD312FB4941C5FA81F81D" box="[1262,1345,1954,1979]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="40">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4FF51F80FF9BD313FF27401AFA98F96B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" startId="7.[128,193,1661,1685]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1554]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF9BD313FF27401AFA58F933" blockId="7.[128,1432,1661,1742]" box="[128,1432,1661,1686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9BD313FF27401AFF18F933" bold="true" box="[128,216,1661,1685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
An STM (top row) and BFM (boưom row) comparison of
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9BD313FCAE4019FC84F933" box="[777,836,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
specimens of: A, D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF9BD313FBA1401AFB7DF933" box="[1030,1213,1661,1685]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Viridiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="viridianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9BD313FBA1401AFB7DF933" box="[1030,1213,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">Viridiscus viridianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; B, E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF9BD313FB5F401AFA58F933" authority="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk, 2024" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[1272,1432,1661,1685]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus" status="sp. nov">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9BD313FB5F401AFA58F933" box="[1272,1432,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">Echiniscus brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF9BD313FF2640FDFA98F96B" blockId="7.[128,1432,1661,1742]" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9BD313FF2640FDFF07F914" bold="true" box="[129,199,1690,1714]" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
; C, F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF9BD313FEA440FDFE47F917" authorityName="Gasiorek & Voncina" authorityYear="2019" box="[259,391,1689,1713]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="succineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9BD313FEA440FDFED7F917" box="[259,279,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">E.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF9BD313FE9240FDFE47F917" box="[309,391,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">succineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All specimens were imaged under the same microscope and camera seưings. The same individuals were photographed using both methods, and they are also shown in Figures 4–7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF9BD31DFF3B409AFE78F800" blockId="7.[128,778,1789,1970]" lastBlockId="9.[129,778,1652,1958]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Sculpturing of body plates comprises
|
||
<specimenCount id="0D8C8481FF9BD313FD864099FD46F8B0" box="[545,646,1790,1814]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
of pores: (i) more sparsely arranged and circular in shape with thick borders, dominant in most plate portions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9BD313FD80415BFDB4F8F2" box="[551,628,1852,1876]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9BD313FD25415BFD5CF8F2" box="[642,668,1852,1876]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">11</figureCitation>
|
||
); and (ii) tightly arranged and polygonal in shape, usually with thin borders, present only in anterior portions of paired segmental plates, lateralmost portions of the scapular, paired segmental, intersegmental and caudal (terminal) plates and pedal platelets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9BD313FCE3417BFC4CF893" box="[836,908,1820,1845]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9BD313FC30417AFC71F893" box="[919,945,1821,1845]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pores without dark intraporal rings. Cephalic plate small, with a clearly marked anterior chalice-like incision (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9BD313FA3F415BFC86F8D5" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9BD313FCF2413BFCB1F8D5" box="[853,881,1884,1907]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[206,1397,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@11.[206,1397,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. A UVM comparison of nine limno-terrestrial echiniscid species mounted in Hoyer’s medium, demonstrating the convergent dark, UV-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in Viridiscus and the Echiniscus brunus complex. A, Viridiscus viridianus. B, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. C, Echiniscus cf.succineus. D, Echiniscus ehrenbergi. E, Acanthechiniscus victor. F, Barbaria bigranulata. G, Cornechiniscus madagascariensis. H, Hypechiniscus exarmatus. I, Mopsechiniscus granulosus. All specimens were imaged under the same microscope and camera seưings. Individuals in A–C are the same as those shown in Figures 3–6. Scale bar:50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470662/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9BD313FC27413CFC25F8D5" box="[896,997,1883,1907]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">10A, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9BD313FC53413CFBDEF8D5" box="[1012,1054,1883,1907]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
); cervical plate usually not identifiable, only sometimes a weak rectangular belt visible in LM (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9BD313FAD9411DFA7CF834" box="[1406,1468,1914,1938]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9BD313FC9E41FDFC95F817" box="[825,853,1946,1969]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[206,1397,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@11.[206,1397,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. A UVM comparison of nine limno-terrestrial echiniscid species mounted in Hoyer’s medium, demonstrating the convergent dark, UV-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in Viridiscus and the Echiniscus brunus complex. A, Viridiscus viridianus. B, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. C, Echiniscus cf.succineus. D, Echiniscus ehrenbergi. E, Acanthechiniscus victor. F, Barbaria bigranulata. G, Cornechiniscus madagascariensis. H, Hypechiniscus exarmatus. I, Mopsechiniscus granulosus. All specimens were imaged under the same microscope and camera seưings. Individuals in A–C are the same as those shown in Figures 3–6. Scale bar:50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470662/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF9BD313FCC741FDFC64F817" box="[864,932,1946,1970]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="41">10A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scapular plate large, with the central poreless suture that can reach as far as to 80% of the plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFD9D417EFD47F897" box="[570,647,1817,1841]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[128,193,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[129,1473,144,1634]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. An STM (top row) and BFM (boưom row) comparison of in vivo specimens of: A, D, Viridiscus viridianus; B, E, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov; C, F, E. cf.succineus. All specimens were imaged under the same microscope and camera seưings. The same individuals were photographed using both methods, and they are also shown in Figures 4–7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470654/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFD34417EFD60F897" box="[659,672,1817,1841]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFD0A417DFD09F897" box="[685,713,1818,1841]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[206,1397,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@11.[206,1397,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. A UVM comparison of nine limno-terrestrial echiniscid species mounted in Hoyer’s medium, demonstrating the convergent dark, UV-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in Viridiscus and the Echiniscus brunus complex. A, Viridiscus viridianus. B, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. C, Echiniscus cf.succineus. D, Echiniscus ehrenbergi. E, Acanthechiniscus victor. F, Barbaria bigranulata. G, Cornechiniscus madagascariensis. H, Hypechiniscus exarmatus. I, Mopsechiniscus granulosus. All specimens were imaged under the same microscope and camera seưings. Individuals in A–C are the same as those shown in Figures 3–6. Scale bar:50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470662/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFD71417EFD33F897" box="[726,755,1817,1841]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[113,178,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,843,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-83@12.[114,1458,843,1613]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. A PCM comparison of scapular plates of species with (A–F) and without (G–I) dark cuticular pigmentation mounted in Hoyer’s medium. A, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype). B, Echiniscus aff.brunus sp. can. 1 from India. C, Echiniscus aff.brunus sp. can.2 from Tanzania. D, Viridiscus viridissimus. E, Viridiscus perviridis. F, Echiniscus ehrenbergi (paratype). G, Echiniscus testudo. H, Acanthechiniscus victor. I, Cornechiniscus madagascariensis. Arrowheads indicate the anterior suture. Scale bars: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470666/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFFD6415EFF76F8F6" box="[113,182,1849,1873]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">10A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFF66415EFF2CF8F7" box="[193,236,1849,1873]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
); lateralmost plate portions demarcated by straight or slightly V-shaped sutures/incisions at the level of cirrus
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF94D31CFD4D413FFD3AF8C9" box="[746,762,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">A</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFFDB4110FF79F829" box="[124,185,1911,1935]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFF62411FFF21F829" box="[197,225,1912,1935]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[206,1397,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@11.[206,1397,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. A UVM comparison of nine limno-terrestrial echiniscid species mounted in Hoyer’s medium, demonstrating the convergent dark, UV-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in Viridiscus and the Echiniscus brunus complex. A, Viridiscus viridianus. B, Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. C, Echiniscus cf.succineus. D, Echiniscus ehrenbergi. E, Acanthechiniscus victor. F, Barbaria bigranulata. G, Cornechiniscus madagascariensis. H, Hypechiniscus exarmatus. I, Mopsechiniscus granulosus. All specimens were imaged under the same microscope and camera seưings. Individuals in A–C are the same as those shown in Figures 3–6. Scale bar:50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470662/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFF4A4110FEF2F829" box="[237,306,1911,1935]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">10A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Always only two unipartite, triangular median plates, m1 and m2, with m2 being slightly larger. Posterior margins of median plates ossen with more sparsely distributed pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFCD3415FFC28F8F6" box="[884,1000,1848,1873]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paired segmental plates I and II with posterior portions three to four times broader than anterior ones; a poreless belt separates anterior and posterior plate portions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFA2E4110FCF7F808" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFCE641F0FC5CF808" box="[833,924,1943,1967]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">10A, B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF94D31CFC0241F0FC2AF809" box="[933,1002,1943,1967]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">11B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two pairs of large triangular intersegmental plates: the first positioned between the scapular plate and paired segmental plates I, and the second between plates I and II; a single pair between plate II and the caudal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFDD140D4FD72F96C" box="[630,690,1714,1739]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFD1940D4FF4EF94F" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">10A, B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFF3F40B5FF1EF94C" box="[152,222,1746,1770]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">11B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The caudal plate is the largest element of the armour. In most specimens, a crescent-shaped thickening on the caudal plate is present, usually with fewer pores present in its central part compared with the remainder of the caudal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFDDC4157FD76F8EE" box="[635,694,1840,1864]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFD664157FCC4F8E1" box="[705,772,1840,1864]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">10A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFF264128FF08F8C1" box="[129,200,1871,1895]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Venter densely granulated with minute endocuticular pillars, as typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF95D31DFEF44108FE77F821" authorityName="C. A. S. Schultze" authorityYear="1840" box="[339,439,1903,1927]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF95D31DFEF44108FE77F821" box="[339,439,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Echiniscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; a pair of subcephalic plates with large pores present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFEE841E9FE67F800" box="[335,423,1934,1958]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="16.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 13. Echiniscus brunus sp. can. 1 from India seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470674/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4FF51F80FF94D31CFFD640FEFB6FF94F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470656/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" startId="8.[113,178,1689,1713]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,1661]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF94D31CFFD640FEFB6FF94F" blockId="8.[113,1434,1689,1770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF94D31CFFD640FEFF09F917" bold="true" box="[113,201,1689,1713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF94D31CFCD040FEFBEEF917" box="[887,1070,1689,1713]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Viridiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="viridianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF94D31CFCD040FEFBEEF917" box="[887,1070,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Viridiscus viridianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4FF51F80FF95D31DFF264393FAFFF9E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43" startId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF95D31DFF264393FAFFF9E2" blockId="9.[129,1467,1524,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF95D31DFF264393FF18F9AA" bold="true" box="[129,216,1524,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF95D31DFC214393FBE6F9AA" authority="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk, 2024" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[902,1062,1524,1548]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF95D31DFC214393FBE6F9AA" box="[902,1062,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Echiniscus brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32CD2E61FF95D31DFB8C4393FBB7F9AA" box="[1067,1143,1524,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF95D31DFB8C4393FBB2F9AA" bold="true" box="[1067,1138,1524,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF95D31DFCF24013FA03F8EE" blockId="9.[825,1475,1652,1958]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Pulvini thin, but identifiable; pedal plates very large and intensely sculptured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFBA640F4FBFDF90D" box="[1025,1085,1683,1707]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFBE040F4FB6BF90D" box="[1095,1195,1683,1707]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">10A, D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFB1140F4FB3CF90D" box="[1206,1276,1683,1707]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">11B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). First leg pair with a minute spine embedded on a pedal platelet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFA8040D4FAA6F96C" box="[1319,1382,1714,1739]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFAD440D4FA7CF96C" box="[1395,1468,1715,1739]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">10A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFC9E40B5FC42F94F" box="[825,898,1746,1770]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">11B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fourth leg pair with a small papilla and a fringe composed of many tiny, separate teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFB0E4096FB27F8AF" box="[1193,1255,1777,1801]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[129,1473,144,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (paratype) mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min, 20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFB544096FAF8F8AF" box="[1267,1336,1777,1801]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">10A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF95D31DFAE34096FAADF8AF" box="[1348,1389,1777,1801]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[113,178,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[300,1273,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in SEM. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view.C, cuticular pores in intersegmental plates. D, pedal plate I. The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas the indented arrowhead indicates tightly arranged polygonal pores. Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470670/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Claws large and massive; internal ones with typical spurs divergent from main branches and positioned at ~20%–25% of the branch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF95D31DFCF24128FC38F800" blockId="9.[825,1475,1652,1958]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Juveniles (i.e. the second instar; measurements and statistics are in
|
||
<tableCitation id="56087AB3FF95D31DFCDF4109FC04F821" box="[888,964,1902,1927]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="19.[129,184,143,167]" captionText="Table 3. Measurements (in micrometres) of selected morphological structures of juveniles of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (type series) mounted in Hoyer’s medium.Abbreviation:sp, the proportion between the length of a given structure and the length of the scapular plate." pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). ºualitatively similar to sexually mature females. Gonopore lacking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4FF51F80FF96D31EFFD643BCFB6FF98D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470660/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" startId="10.[113,178,1499,1523]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,1471]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF96D31EFFD643BCFAA7FA55" blockId="10.[113,1410,1499,1580]" box="[113,1383,1499,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFFD643BCFF09FA55" bold="true" box="[113,201,1499,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
A BFM (top row) and PCM (boưom row) comparison of a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFCD043BBFC3BFA55" authorityName="Gasiorek & Voncina" authorityYear="2019" box="[887,1019,1499,1523]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="succineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFCD043BBFC4BFA55" box="[887,907,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFC0E43BBFC3BFA55" box="[937,1019,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">succineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mounted in Hoyer’s medium at 1 min,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF96D31EFFD64390FB6FF98D" blockId="10.[113,1410,1499,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">20 h and 20 days asser mounting. Note the orange pigmentation dissolving as time passes (arrowheads indicate the remnants of the orange pigment). The same individual is shown in Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale).</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF96D31EFF2A403BFF35F956" blockId="10.[113,762,1627,1776]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Larvae (i.e. the first instar; measurements and statistics are in
|
||
<tableCitation id="56087AB3FF96D31EFF2C401DFF17F934" box="[139,215,1658,1682]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="20.[113,168,143,167]" captionText="Table 4. Measurements (in micrometres) of selected morphological structures of larvae of Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. (type series) mounted in Hoyer’s medium. Abbreviation: sp, the proportion between the length of a given structure and the length of the scapular plate." pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). ºualitatively similar to later life stages, already with two pronounced
|
||
<typeStatus id="C431F1AAFF96D31EFE8240FDFE9CF914" box="[293,348,1690,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF96D31EFE6D40FDFDE0F914" box="[458,544,1690,1714]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two claws per leg, each with divergent and evident spurs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF96D31EFE5A40DEFD8FF977" box="[509,591,1721,1745]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonopore and anus lacking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF96D31EFFD64175FB19F8E8" blockId="10.[113,763,1810,1959]" lastBlockId="10.[810,1460,1627,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFFD64175FEDAF88F" box="[113,282,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">DNA sequences:</emphasis>
|
||
A set of five markers was obtained: 18S rRNA (OR520116–7), 28S rRNA (OR520110–1), ITS-1 (OR520101–3), ITS-2 (OR520122–4) and
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFD9B4136FDA8F8CE" box="[572,616,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">COI</emphasis>
|
||
(OR506701– 3). Uncorrected pairwise distances between the new species and the two candidate species within the complex were as follows: 18S rRNA, 0.2% (both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFBBB403BFB5DF9D5" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[1052,1181,1627,1651]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFBBB403BFBF1F9D5" box="[1052,1073,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFBFD403CFB5DF9D5" box="[1114,1181,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 1 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFA95403BFA72F9D5" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[1330,1458,1627,1651]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFA95403BFA87F9D5" box="[1330,1351,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFAC8403CFA72F9D5" box="[1391,1458,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 2); 28S rRNA, 0.1%–0.3% (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFB38401CFAE1F934" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[1183,1313,1658,1682]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFB38401CFB74F934" box="[1183,1204,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFB79401DFAE1F934" box="[1246,1313,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 2 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFC8D40FDFC6CF914" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[810,940,1690,1714]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFC8D40FDFCFFF917" box="[810,831,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFCCE40FDFC6CF914" box="[873,940,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 1, respectively); ITS-1, 3.1%–4.4% (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFADD40FDFCADF977" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFADD40FDFA4FF917" box="[1402,1423,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFC8D40DEFCADF977" box="[810,877,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 1 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFC5C40DDFBB9F977" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[1019,1145,1721,1745]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFC5C40DDFBD0F977" box="[1019,1040,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFB9140DEFBB9F977" box="[1078,1145,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 2, respectively); ITS-2, 3.4%–4.9% (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFC0B40BEFBE9F956" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[940,1065,1752,1776]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFC0B40BEFC01F956" box="[940,961,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFC4140BFFBE9F956" box="[998,1065,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 2 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFB1340BEFAF1F956" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[1204,1329,1752,1776]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFB1340BEFB09F956" box="[1204,1225,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFB4940BFFAF1F956" box="[1262,1329,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 1, respectively); and
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFC75409FFC3EF8A9" box="[978,1022,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">COI</emphasis>
|
||
, 2.0%–3.7% (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFB2B409FFACCF8B6" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[1164,1292,1784,1808]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFB2B409FFB61F8A9" box="[1164,1185,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFB6E409FFACCF8B6" box="[1225,1292,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 2 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFA38409FFC51F889" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFA38409FFA74F8A9" box="[1439,1460,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFCE94170FC51F889" box="[846,913,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 1, respectively). See Supporting Information, SM.03 for matrices with genetic distances.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF96D318FC8D4117FF15F8FA" blockId="10.[810,1460,1904,1959]" lastBlockId="12.[113,762,1798,1884]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFC8D4117FC48F82E" box="[810,904,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Found with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFBE64117FB1DF821" box="[1089,1245,1904,1928]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apochela" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFBE64117FB68F82E" box="[1089,1192,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Milnesium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFB5F4117FA40F821" box="[1272,1408,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF96D31EFCC741E8FBC6F800" box="[864,1030,1935,1959]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF96D31EFCC741E8FC1AF801" box="[864,986,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Macrobiotus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the sample. In several specimens, developmental malformations were observed, in which various dorsal plates merged into a single large plate (for an example, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="83B1538DFF90D318FFD64123FF04F8FA" box="[113,196,1860,1884]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[326,1277,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. seen in PCM. A, dorsolateral view (holotype); the inset shows claws I (paratype). B, cuticular pores, lateral view of intersegmental plates (holotype). C, paired subcephalic plates (holotype).D, pedal plate II (holotype). E, larva, dorsolateral view (paratype); the inset shows claws III. F, armour malformation: median plate 2 fused with the paired segmental plate II (paratype). The flat arrowhead indicates sparsely arranged circular pores, whereas indented arrowheads indicate tightly arranged polygonal pores. The black indented arrowhead with white borders indicates the armour malformation.Scale bars are in micrometres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470668/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4FF51F80FF97D31FFF26414BFBB9F812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470662/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" startId="11.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[206,1397,144,1808]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF97D31FFF26414BFA4AF8C6" blockId="11.[129,1457,1836,1973]" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFF26414BFF18F8E2" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
A UVM comparison of nine limno-terrestrial echiniscid species mounted in Hoyer’s medium, demonstrating the convergent dark, UV-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF97D31FFE58412FFD97F8C6" authorityName="Gasiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2019" box="[511,599,1864,1888]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Viridiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFE58412FFD97F8C6" box="[511,599,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Viridiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF97D31FFD00412FFC86F8C6" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[679,838,1864,1888]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFD00412FFC86F8C6" box="[679,838,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Echiniscus brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF97D31FFC66412FFBB8F8C6" box="[961,1144,1864,1888]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Viridiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="viridianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFC66412FFBB8F8C6" box="[961,1144,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Viridiscus viridianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF97D31FFB3D412FFAF9F8C6" authority="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk, 2024" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[1178,1337,1864,1888]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFB3D412FFAF9F8C6" box="[1178,1337,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Echiniscus brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32CD2E61FF97D31FFA98412FFA4AF8C6" box="[1343,1418,1864,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFA98412FFA45F8C6" bold="true" box="[1343,1413,1864,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF97D31FFF264103FBB9F812" blockId="11.[129,1457,1836,1973]" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">
|
||
C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF97D31FFF3C4103FEA9F8DA" authorityName="Gasiorek & Voncina" authorityYear="2019" box="[155,361,1892,1916]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="succineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFF3C4103FF38F8DA" box="[155,248,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Echiniscus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFEB04102FEA9F8DA" box="[279,361,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">succineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF97D31FFE294103FD8CF8DA" authorityName="Dastych & Kristensen" authorityYear="1995" box="[398,588,1892,1916]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFE294103FD8CF8DA" box="[398,588,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Echiniscus ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF97D31FFDC94103FCFDF8DA" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[622,829,1892,1916]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="victor">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFDC94103FCFDF8DA" box="[622,829,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Acanthechiniscus victor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF97D31FFCFA4103FBDCF8DA" baseAuthorityName="Richters" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[861,1052,1892,1916]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Barbaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="bigranulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFCFA4103FBDCF8DA" box="[861,1052,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Barbaria bigranulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. G,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF97D31FFBE54103FAA8F8DA" authorityName="Maucci" authorityYear="1993" box="[1090,1384,1892,1916]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Cornechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFBE54103FAA8F8DA" box="[1090,1384,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Cornechiniscus madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. H,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF97D31FFF2641E7FEA3F83E" baseAuthorityName="Murray" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[129,355,1920,1944]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Hypechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="exarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFF2641E7FEA3F83E" box="[129,355,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Hypechiniscus exarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF97D31FFED841E7FDADF83E" authorityName="Mihelcic" authorityYear="1967" box="[383,621,1920,1944]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Mopsechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="granulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF97D31FFED841E7FDADF83E" box="[383,621,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="45">Mopsechiniscus granulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All specimens were imaged under the same microscope and camera seưings. Individuals in A–C are the same as those shown in Figures 3–6. Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4FF51F80FF90D318FFD644A6FD12FC8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470664/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" startId="12.[113,178,705,729]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,677]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF90D318FFD644A6FD12FC8B" blockId="12.[113,1451,705,814]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FFD644A6FF09FD7F" bold="true" box="[113,201,705,729]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
A UVM comparison of three voucher specimens (asser a Chelex DNA extraction) mounted in Hoyer’s medium and a naturally shed exuvia mounted in polyvinyl-alcohol lactophenol demonstrating the cuticular character of the dark, UV-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in darkly coloured echiniscids. A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FE30449EFD8EFCB7" box="[407,590,761,785]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Viridiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="viridianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FE30449EFD8EFCB7" box="[407,590,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Viridiscus viridianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FDD7449EFCCFFCB7" authority="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk, 2024" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[624,783,761,785]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FDD7449EFCCFFCB7" box="[624,783,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Echiniscus brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32CD2E61FF90D318FCB2449EFCA0FCB7" box="[789,864,761,785]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FCB2449EFC9BFCB7" bold="true" box="[789,859,761,785]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FC27449EFB8EFCB7" authorityName="Gasiorek & Voncina" authorityYear="2019" box="[896,1102,761,785]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="succineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FC27449EFC1DFCB7" box="[896,989,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Echiniscus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FC5B449DFB8EFCB7" box="[1020,1102,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">succineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FBD4449EFAF1FCB7" authorityName="Dastych & Kristensen" authorityYear="1995" box="[1139,1329,761,785]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FBD4449EFAF1FCB7" box="[1139,1329,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Echiniscus ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(exuvia with an egg). Scale bar: 50 μm (all photographs are at the same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4FF51F80FF90D318FFD6400EFC0DF970" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470666" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470666/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" startId="12.[113,178,1641,1665]" targetBox="[114,1458,843,1613]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF90D318FFD6400EFC0DF970" blockId="12.[113,1444,1641,1750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FFD6400EFF09F924" bold="true" box="[113,201,1641,1666]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
A PCM comparison of scapular plates of species with (A–F) and without (G–I) dark cuticular pigmentation mounted in Hoyer’s medium. A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FF4240E1FE45F938" authority="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk, 2024" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[229,389,1670,1694]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FF4240E1FE45F938" box="[229,389,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Echiniscus brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FE2D40E1FE15F938" bold="true" box="[394,469,1670,1694]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32CD2E61FF90D318FE2D40E1FE15F938" box="[394,469,1670,1694]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(paratype). B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FDC440E1FCE3F938" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[611,803,1670,1694]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FDC440E1FD00F938" box="[611,704,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Echiniscus</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FD4240E1FCE3F938" box="[741,803,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 1 from India. C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FBAB40E1FB0CF938" authorityName="Dey & Gąsiorek & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2024" box="[1036,1228,1670,1694]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brunus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FBAB40E1FBA9F938" box="[1036,1129,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Echiniscus</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FB2940E1FB0CF938" box="[1166,1228,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">brunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. can. 2 from Tanzania. D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FF4B40C5FE72F91C" baseAuthorityName="Peterfi" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[236,434,1698,1722]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Viridiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="viridissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FF4B40C5FE72F91C" box="[236,434,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Viridiscus viridissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FE7340C5FD46F91C" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzoui" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[468,646,1698,1722]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Viridiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="perviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FE7340C5FD46F91C" box="[468,646,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Viridiscus perviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FD0240C5FCA4F91C" authorityName="Dastych & Kristensen" authorityYear="1995" box="[677,868,1698,1722]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FD0240C5FCA4F91C" box="[677,868,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Echiniscus ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paratype). G,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FC5340C5FB56F91C" baseAuthorityName="Doyere" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1012,1174,1698,1722]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="testudo">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FC5340C5FB56F91C" box="[1012,1174,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Echiniscus testudo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. H,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FB1A40C5FA4CF91F" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1213,1420,1698,1722]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="victor">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FB1A40C5FA4CF91F" box="[1213,1420,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Acanthechiniscus victor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC8A348BFF90D318FFD640D9FE58F970" authorityName="Maucci" authorityYear="1993" box="[113,408,1726,1750]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Cornechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FFD640D9FE58F970" box="[113,408,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Cornechiniscus madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Arrowheads indicate the anterior suture. Scale bars: 20 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B354F08FF90D318FFD64119FA86F8FA" blockId="12.[113,762,1918,1973]" lastBlockId="12.[810,1459,1797,1885]" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FE931AFF90D318FFD64119FE99F830" box="[113,345,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="46">Differential diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Because of the distinct brown, UV-absorbing cuticular pigmentation (also clearly visible in specimens mounted in Hoyer’s medium) and the presence of an anterior suture in the scapular plate, the new species cannot be mistaken for any other formally described echiniscid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |