143 lines
18 KiB
XML
143 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="6708" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8922" ID-GBIF-Dataset="217d1965-1c1c-40b3-83ea-6879cad4b923" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-9" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F868906458C45F7E842B0D66EDAFD22B" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575733" ID-ZooBank="487EDA35E3B24044A15CBE663CE1F173" ModsDocID="1860-1324-62-1-9" checkinTime="1621372690558" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liston, Andrew D., Goergen, Georg & Koch, Frank" docDate="2015" docId="92C98AAA7BA6161617CE1B97BBDB86B7" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 62(1): 9-17" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 62 (1)" docPubDate="2015-02-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8922" docTitle="Xenapates braunsi" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="F868906458C45F7E842B0D66EDAFD22B" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="F868906458C45F7E842B0D66EDAFD22B" masterDocTitle="The immature stages and biology of two Xenapates species in West Africa (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1732828234611" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6B1E1EE255B35FBAE467B7EA23C26942">The immature stages and biology of two Xenapates species in West Africa (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D25DFA7FC8FBC7A892F6984C9466276A">Liston, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="295F820C595C380E9A84D19946323F6F">Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E200CBD04268AD54957DCDCABF477FB0">Goergen, Georg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="056E6AC59AE49ECFD69C03BAB455BB70">International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Biological Control Center for Africa, 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Republic of Benin</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CD5CB711AC1456C2F2E32AD318AC36C8">Koch, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="22ADE2FAA21DC21DCA51793704D692CD">Museum fuer Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut fuer Evolutions- und Biodiversitaetsforschung, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="D0F4D91182BB0E054465FB52383BE86B">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E0E5A2A2EC401AB007A30B1BE356E505">2015-02-06</mods:number>
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<treatment id="92C98AAA7BA6161617CE1B97BBDB86B7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223781" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:92C98AAA7BA6161617CE1B97BBDB86B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/92C98AAA7BA6161617CE1B97BBDB86B7" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" scope_family="Tenthredinidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="23FF036085327335DB102FFF1B9178F5" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="90F5E079D01E4B322282A3F298D1A210" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="68E6501B53050D419BA16FC337420F6F" authority="(Konow, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Xenapates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenapates braunsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braunsi">Xenapates braunsi (Konow, 1896)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="33A59F08ECA3E76C74ED1BC3F40436FB" captionStart="Figures 3–10" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 10. Xenapates larvae: 3. Xenapates braunsi left mandible, outer face; green line along edge of mesal ridge. 4. Xenapates braunsi left mandible, ventral; (a) medial tooth, (b) inner face. 5. Xenapates braunsi right mandible, inner face. 6. Xenapates gaullei right pro- and mesothoracic legs; (c) expanded apex of femur. 7. Xenapates gaullei thorax, lateral. 8. Xenapates braunsi proleg and ventral part of abdominal segment 8, external surface; (d) reticulate-spiculate surface structure on surpedal lobe; (e) setae on proleg (some missing). 9. Xenapates braunsi mature larva; dorsal, lateral and ventral (from left). 10. Xenapates gaullei mature larva." pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Figs 3-5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8FD7E575F1ED4F4D4D656FB41F7D8745" captionStart="Figures 3–10" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 10. Xenapates larvae: 3. Xenapates braunsi left mandible, outer face; green line along edge of mesal ridge. 4. Xenapates braunsi left mandible, ventral; (a) medial tooth, (b) inner face. 5. Xenapates braunsi right mandible, inner face. 6. Xenapates gaullei right pro- and mesothoracic legs; (c) expanded apex of femur. 7. Xenapates gaullei thorax, lateral. 8. Xenapates braunsi proleg and ventral part of abdominal segment 8, external surface; (d) reticulate-spiculate surface structure on surpedal lobe; (e) setae on proleg (some missing). 9. Xenapates braunsi mature larva; dorsal, lateral and ventral (from left). 10. Xenapates gaullei mature larva." pageId="1" pageNumber="10">, 8-9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="28973DDC8F201F93322F5FA51F1C72AA" captionStart="Figures 11–18" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 11 - 18. Xenapates immature stages: Larva; head frontal. 11. Xenapates braunsi 12. Xenapates gaullei. Prepupa; ventral, lateral and dorsal (from left). 13. Xenapates braunsi 14. Xenapates gaullei. Pupa; ventral, lateral and dorsal (from left). 15. Xenapates braunsi 16. Xenapates gaullei. 17. Xenapates braunsi: cocoon containing pupa. 18. Vacated egg pocket of Xenapates gaullei, exuvia of first instar larva visible in perforation, with feeding hole (at left) made by second instar. Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="10">, 11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0631770F68CF7C4FC196AE3423C434E0" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4CF27968698C004D7E02CC580616FA81" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="727F9F6DED7843DE8AB3903696E4F590" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="C5F3CBB64A6E08452F05BF39F6E9FD66" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Colour</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="FE68AAF95CB85CA01D1EBCE5DBF9427D" captionStart="Figures 3–10" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 10. Xenapates larvae: 3. Xenapates braunsi left mandible, outer face; green line along edge of mesal ridge. 4. Xenapates braunsi left mandible, ventral; (a) medial tooth, (b) inner face. 5. Xenapates braunsi right mandible, inner face. 6. Xenapates gaullei right pro- and mesothoracic legs; (c) expanded apex of femur. 7. Xenapates gaullei thorax, lateral. 8. Xenapates braunsi proleg and ventral part of abdominal segment 8, external surface; (d) reticulate-spiculate surface structure on surpedal lobe; (e) setae on proleg (some missing). 9. Xenapates braunsi mature larva; dorsal, lateral and ventral (from left). 10. Xenapates gaullei mature larva." pageId="1" pageNumber="10">9</figureCitation>
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). Head including posterior vertex yellow, changing to white on genae. A black patch, not more than 4
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<normalizedToken id="E1C6778D5837113CB1335F1AD3684FF7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as ocularium, surrounds stemmatum and does not reach an imagined horizontal line extended from dorsal apex of frons. Thoracic legs pale brown, except for black coxal suture. Trunk pale green, appearing dorsally darker because contents of gut show through; subspiracular lobes and anal area including anal prolegs pale orange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87E2E025FEAC12698104B3008BFF73DC" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="92D2CFF91797C0E3AD85B304406BF10A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Head</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="7E9A60823CC8680CD467A40B970048DF" captionStart="Figures 11–18" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 11 - 18. Xenapates immature stages: Larva; head frontal. 11. Xenapates braunsi 12. Xenapates gaullei. Prepupa; ventral, lateral and dorsal (from left). 13. Xenapates braunsi 14. Xenapates gaullei. Pupa; ventral, lateral and dorsal (from left). 15. Xenapates braunsi 16. Xenapates gaullei. 17. Xenapates braunsi: cocoon containing pupa. 18. Vacated egg pocket of Xenapates gaullei, exuvia of first instar larva visible in perforation, with feeding hole (at left) made by second instar. Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="10">11</figureCitation>
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). With a pair of large, pale depressions, one each side of coronal suture dorsal of junction with frontal suture. Setae on vertex and parietals very short (less than third diameter of antennomere 1) and pale. Some setae on genae and mouthparts as long as antenna. Right lobe of labrum about twice as long as visible part of left lobe.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="271778DA12BACACC6AE562A59484A3C8" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" start="Figures 11–18" startId="F3">
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<paragraph id="13CD4863B5C17D0197D24B8CAF0B5290" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="AA00C4E36B151C18A7E674CEA49903B4" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Figures 11-18.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="829AEE14315DF0143D102AFD86A27851" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Poaceae" genus="Xenapates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenapates" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E30326F2C7711353FA823832A9A5C04E" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Xenapates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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immature stages: Larva; head frontal.
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<emphasis id="AEC6E8EF071FB20C814DF335BDCE90EE" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="0BA8136DD49F37FA2D4A5DF1348DC6D6" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Poaceae" genus="Xenapates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenapates braunsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braunsi">
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<emphasis id="26B2AB19405E1E00783D3747F85A2D64" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Xenapates braunsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="42EF8C35213EAB597F07B2D548F76BBE" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="261E6C18E8563CD8A3D331FC90C98019" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Poaceae" genus="Xenapates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenapates gaullei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaullei">
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<emphasis id="FB686974397B776DE21A40B4122939CA" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Xenapates gaullei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Prepupa; ventral, lateral and dorsal (from left).
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<emphasis id="91D388E0A50637DBE34DCDCCF8BE832C" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">13.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FB632634AE92C5E58D7E5C07C68C9C17" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Poaceae" genus="Xenapates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenapates braunsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braunsi">
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<emphasis id="1160D762AA7A0402320A5536FFA10238" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Xenapates braunsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="A84149E8DB01247074F4361A41159011" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">14.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F29C36DD635F83386A50915729E1F4AC" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Poaceae" genus="Xenapates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenapates gaullei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaullei">
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<emphasis id="BF38577F1B4FBCDD83E569D8B26673B5" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Xenapates gaullei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Pupa; ventral, lateral and dorsal (from left).
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<emphasis id="41FD180BAB7219B917D6CE5C92B7FC47" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">15.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="2486DCD2991B6DEC0B154FC1FA23F4AC" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Poaceae" genus="Xenapates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenapates braunsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braunsi">
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<emphasis id="97356A47D490B1C2DC139744A75F14B9" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Xenapates braunsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="0D5DD309C9336265CFCB82D19EFDC4E1" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">16.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CAD7BDCF2ED75DB370037D76BC53D1E1" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Poaceae" genus="Xenapates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenapates gaullei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaullei">
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<emphasis id="49EED61B3403441621BF674FED67024E" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Xenapates gaullei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="56DA010A371C226AA891A489F25CCD6E" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">17.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="46E0921BAC378A8BEBD98E404140D071" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Poaceae" genus="Xenapates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenapates braunsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braunsi">
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<emphasis id="217D98D45508A6C874A173BD7F1E46BB" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Xenapates braunsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: cocoon containing pupa.
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<emphasis id="6DA7B182C923F35C9A4F56423E5C8777" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">18.</emphasis>
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Vacated egg pocket of
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<taxonomicName id="66F0B0001E5A1706E1A39A0C52CAA351" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Poaceae" genus="Xenapates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenapates gaullei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaullei">
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<emphasis id="BD6DC668F749476C813BEFD8E5E0E13E" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Xenapates gaullei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, exuvia of first instar larva visible in perforation, with feeding hole (at left) made by second instar. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="568E4011C0761B16CA9C1D7ACDEEE6B1" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="43F6AF5F9440EE2986C821BC460D5381" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Trunk</emphasis>
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. Prothorax dorsal annulets 1 and 2 laterally fused. Annulet 2 medially divided; lateral lobes very much higher than lateral parts of 1 or 3. Dorsal surface of lobes on annulet 2 with partly pigmented spicules that are more strongly developed than on other parts of thoracic dorsum. Surface of integument of abdomen above spiracles almost smooth, with very minute, unpigmented spicules. Some partly dark spicules on hypopleurite, surpedal and substigmal lobes (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="6649A8301FB1D11B4B7663E735A5E2B6" captionStart="Figures 3–10" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 10. Xenapates larvae: 3. Xenapates braunsi left mandible, outer face; green line along edge of mesal ridge. 4. Xenapates braunsi left mandible, ventral; (a) medial tooth, (b) inner face. 5. Xenapates braunsi right mandible, inner face. 6. Xenapates gaullei right pro- and mesothoracic legs; (c) expanded apex of femur. 7. Xenapates gaullei thorax, lateral. 8. Xenapates braunsi proleg and ventral part of abdominal segment 8, external surface; (d) reticulate-spiculate surface structure on surpedal lobe; (e) setae on proleg (some missing). 9. Xenapates braunsi mature larva; dorsal, lateral and ventral (from left). 10. Xenapates gaullei mature larva." pageId="1" pageNumber="10">8</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="84FF0E52D27A49AF59BA573E69CF20F9" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="33544C0754F68CD3B2AC8806D2574237" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Length of fully grown larvae</emphasis>
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: 19-20 mm (n = 16).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |