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<mods:title id="7B0010D746C605C5C7A034E07768CBEE">Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover</mods:title>
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<treatment id="921FD94CFFCFFFB4FBE0FABDFB0DF87C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCFFFB4FBE0FABDFB0DF87C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/921FD94CFFCFFFB4FBE0FABDFB0DF87C" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">
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<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCFFFB4FBE0FABDFB25FAC5" blockId="28.[1090,1263,1286,1347]" box="[1090,1263,1286,1312]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="4141DF36FFCFFFB4FBE0FABDFB25FAC5" allCaps="true" box="[1090,1263,1286,1312]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCFFFB4FBE0FABDFB25FAC5" ID-CoL="7P3H3" authority="Cossmann, 1903" box="[1090,1263,1286,1312]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCFFFB4FBE0FABDFB03FAC5" box="[1090,1225,1286,1312]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">EOCYPRAEA</emphasis>
SP.
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<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCFFFB4FBFEFA92FB1FFAA6" blockId="28.[1090,1263,1286,1347]" box="[1116,1237,1321,1347]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFCFFFB4FBFEFA92FB1FFAA6" box="[1116,1237,1321,1347]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[112,199,195,221]" captionTargetId="figure-12@26.[112,1456,197,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 8AC. Eocypraea novasumma (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Runkle Canyon, north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right-labral (C) views, 3.2x, length 17 mm, width 11.6 mm, height 9.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 30499, UCMP Locality 4776. DF. Eocypraea takeosusukii Groves, 2011, “Martinez” Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian), Lower Lake area, Lake County, northern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and left-lateral (columellar) views, 2.6x, length 18.8 mm, width 14.4 mm, height 11.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 7045.1, LACMIP Type 13645, LACMIP Locality 7045 [ex CIT Locality 1580]. GI. Eocypraea sp., cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802), “Domengine Formation” (Eocene, “Domen- gine Stage”), Reef Ridge, Kings County, central California. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and right (labral) (I) views, 1.8x, length 26 mm, width 17.7 mm, height 13 mm, of hypotype UCMP 15815, Locality UCMP A-1282. JL. Eocypraea sp. Lodo Formation (basal part) (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central California. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 1.5x, length 33 mm, width 21.5 mm, height 19 mm, of hypotype CASG 61666.04 [ex LSJU 10236], CASG Locality 61666 [ex LSJU Locality 2073; = UCMP Locality A-9717]. MP. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and left (columellar) (O) views, 4.5x, length 12.2 mm, width 7.8 mm, height 5.9 mm, of holotype UCMP 11690, Grapevine Canyon, UCMP Locality 452. Basal (P) view, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13869604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13869604/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">FIGS. 8JL</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCFFFB4FCC2FAC9FC0FFA6B" ID-CoL="7NV8K" authority="Groves &amp; Squires, 2023" authorityName="Groves &amp; Squires" authorityYear="2023" box="[864,965,1394,1422]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCFFFB4FCC2FAC9FC0FFA6B" box="[864,965,1394,1422]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Cypraea</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="33F10933FFCFFFB4FC6BFAC9FBCDFA69" box="[969,1031,1394,1420]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCFFFB4FBA8FAC9FB55FA68" author="Smith, J. T." box="[1034,1183,1394,1421]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" pagination="464 - 483" refId="ref42373" refString="Smith, J. T. 1975. Age, correlation, and possible Tethyan af- finities of mollusks from the Lodo Formation of Fresno County, California. In D. W. Weaver, G. R. Hornaday, and A. Tipton (eds.). Conference on future energy hori- zons of the Pacific Coast. Paleogene symposium and selected technical papers. Pacific Sections, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Eco- nomic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, and Society of Exploration Geologists. Pp. 464 - 483, pls. 1 - 2." type="book chapter" year="1975">Smith, 1975</bibRefCitation>
. p. 469, 479, pl. 2, fig. 10 [as
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCFFFB4FCE2FA23FC1BFA54" box="[832,977,1430,1460]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCFFFB4FCE2FA23FC6FFA51" box="[832,933,1432,1460]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Cypraea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
].
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCFFFB4FC47FA2CFAE8FA54" author="Groves, L. T. &amp; R. L. Squires" box="[997,1314,1431,1457]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref38553" refString="Groves, L. T. and R. L. Squires. 2021. Checklist of California Paleogene-Neogene marine Mollusca since Keen and Bentson (1944). PaleoBios 38: 1 - 360, figs. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2021">Groves and Squires, 2021</bibRefCitation>
. p. 227.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCFFFB4FCC2FA02FBA0F9D9" blockId="28.[832,1520,1394,1946]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCFFFB4FCC2FA02FAC7FA36" bold="true" box="[864,1293,1465,1491]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Referred Specimen—Hypotype</emphasis>
(of
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCFFFB4FAE5FA01FA2FFA30" author="Smith, J. T." box="[1351,1509,1466,1493]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" pagination="464 - 483" refId="ref42373" refString="Smith, J. T. 1975. Age, correlation, and possible Tethyan af- finities of mollusks from the Lodo Formation of Fresno County, California. In D. W. Weaver, G. R. Hornaday, and A. Tipton (eds.). Conference on future energy hori- zons of the Pacific Coast. Paleogene symposium and selected technical papers. Pacific Sections, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Eco- nomic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, and Society of Exploration Geologists. Pp. 464 - 483, pls. 1 - 2." type="book chapter" year="1975">Smith, 1975</bibRefCitation>
)
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCFFFB4FCE2FA66FC49FA12" box="[832,899,1501,1527]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">CASG</collectionCode>
61666.04 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCFFFB4FBB9FA60FBFCFA12" box="[1051,1078,1499,1527]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCFFFB4FBE2FA66FBB1FA12" box="[1088,1147,1501,1527]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">LSJU</collectionCode>
10236,
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCFFFB4FB4AFA60FAC9FA12" box="[1256,1283,1499,1527]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCFFFB4FAAEFA66FA8DFA12" box="[1292,1351,1501,1527]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">LSJU</collectionCode>
6582] (
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFCFFFB4FA1BFA67FCB6F9FC" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[112,199,195,221]" captionTargetId="figure-12@26.[112,1456,197,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 8AC. Eocypraea novasumma (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Runkle Canyon, north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right-labral (C) views, 3.2x, length 17 mm, width 11.6 mm, height 9.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 30499, UCMP Locality 4776. DF. Eocypraea takeosusukii Groves, 2011, “Martinez” Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian), Lower Lake area, Lake County, northern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and left-lateral (columellar) views, 2.6x, length 18.8 mm, width 14.4 mm, height 11.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 7045.1, LACMIP Type 13645, LACMIP Locality 7045 [ex CIT Locality 1580]. GI. Eocypraea sp., cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802), “Domengine Formation” (Eocene, “Domen- gine Stage”), Reef Ridge, Kings County, central California. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and right (labral) (I) views, 1.8x, length 26 mm, width 17.7 mm, height 13 mm, of hypotype UCMP 15815, Locality UCMP A-1282. JL. Eocypraea sp. Lodo Formation (basal part) (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central California. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 1.5x, length 33 mm, width 21.5 mm, height 19 mm, of hypotype CASG 61666.04 [ex LSJU 10236], CASG Locality 61666 [ex LSJU Locality 2073; = UCMP Locality A-9717]. MP. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and left (columellar) (O) views, 4.5x, length 12.2 mm, width 7.8 mm, height 5.9 mm, of holotype UCMP 11690, Grapevine Canyon, UCMP Locality 452. Basal (P) view, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13869604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13869604/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Figs 8JL</figureCitation>
),
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCFFFB4FC36FA44FC1DF9FC" box="[916,983,1535,1561]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">CASG</collectionCode>
Locality 61666 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCFFFB4FB17FA45FB05F9FF" box="[1205,1231,1534,1562]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCFFFB4FB78FA44FADFF9FC" box="[1242,1301,1535,1561]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">LSJU</collectionCode>
Locality 2073; =
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCFFFB4FCE2F999FC46F9D9" box="[832,908,1570,1596]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
Locality A-9717].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFCFFFB4FCC2F9FFFBD4F941" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCFFFB4FCC2F9FFFBD4F941" blockId="28.[832,1520,1394,1946]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCFFFB4FCC2F9FFFBDDF9BB" bold="true" box="[864,1047,1604,1630]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Occurrence—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFCFFFB4FBBAF9FFFBD1F941" county="Fresno County" location="Fresno County" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
Basal part of Lodo Formation, late Pa- leocene (Thanetian Stage). Tumey Hills,
<collectingCounty id="F36810D6FFCFFFB4FA94F9D3FA26F964" box="[1334,1516,1639,1666]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Fresno County</collectingCounty>
, central
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCFFFB4FC3CF931FBD1F941" box="[926,1051,1674,1700]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">California</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFCFFFB4FCC2F916FB0DF87C" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCFFFB4FCC2F916FB0DF87C" blockId="28.[832,1520,1394,1946]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCFFFB4FCC2F916FC30F922" bold="true" box="[864,1018,1709,1735]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Remarks—</emphasis>
Only a single specimen is known, and
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCFFFB4FCE3F974FC21F90F" author="Smith, J. T." box="[833,1003,1743,1770]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" pagination="464 - 483" refId="ref42373" refString="Smith, J. T. 1975. Age, correlation, and possible Tethyan af- finities of mollusks from the Lodo Formation of Fresno County, California. In D. W. Weaver, G. R. Hornaday, and A. Tipton (eds.). Conference on future energy hori- zons of the Pacific Coast. Paleogene symposium and selected technical papers. Pacific Sections, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Eco- nomic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, and Society of Exploration Geologists. Pp. 464 - 483, pls. 1 - 2." type="book chapter" year="1975">Smith (1975)</bibRefCitation>
provided only a lateral view. This view, as well as the basal and dorsum views, are also shown in this present paper. The aperture is filled with matrix, but otherwise the specimen has fairly good preservation. However, key features are obscured and a species name cannot be assigned at this time.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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