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<mods:title id="E99255FD509997EB4AE8CBAD930049EC">Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover</mods:title>
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<heading id="4141DF36FFCEFFB5FFD3F9FDFCEAF985" allCaps="true" box="[113,800,1605,1633]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FFD3F9FDFEB1F985" ID-CoL="C4ZB9" authority="(STEWART, 1926 [1927])" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[113,379,1606,1632]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FFD3F9FDFEB1F985" box="[113,379,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">GROVESIA CASTACENSIS</emphasis>
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(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FE2FF9FDFD83F985" author="Stewart, R. B." box="[397,585,1606,1633]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">STEWART, 1926</bibRefCitation>
[1927]) N. COMB.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FEFCF9D2FDF8F966" blockId="29.[113,800,1605,1667]" box="[350,562,1641,1667]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFCEFFB5FEFCF9D2FE2FF966" box="[350,485,1641,1667]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[112,199,195,221]" captionTargetId="figure-12@26.[112,1456,197,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 8A–C. Eocypraea novasumma (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Runkle Canyon, north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right-labral (C) views, 3.2x, length 17 mm, width 11.6 mm, height 9.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 30499, UCMP Locality 4776. D–F. Eocypraea takeosusukii Groves, 2011, “Martinez” Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian), Lower Lake area, Lake County, northern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and left-lateral (columellar) views, 2.6x, length 18.8 mm, width 14.4 mm, height 11.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 7045.1, LACMIP Type 13645, LACMIP Locality 7045 [ex CIT Locality 1580]. G–I. Eocypraea sp., cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802), “Domengine Formation” (Eocene, “Domen- gine Stage”), Reef Ridge, Kings County, central California. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and right (labral) (I) views, 1.8x, length 26 mm, width 17.7 mm, height 13 mm, of hypotype UCMP 15815, Locality UCMP A-1282. J–L. Eocypraea sp. Lodo Formation (basal part) (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central California. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 1.5x, length 33 mm, width 21.5 mm, height 19 mm, of hypotype CASG 61666.04 [ex LSJU 10236], CASG Locality 61666 [ex LSJU Locality 2073; = UCMP Locality A-9717]. M–P. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and left (columellar) (O) views, 4.5x, length 12.2 mm, width 7.8 mm, height 5.9 mm, of holotype UCMP 11690, Grapevine Canyon, UCMP Locality 452. Basal (P) view, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13869604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13869604/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">FIGS. 8M–P</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFCEFFB5FE52F9D2FDF8F966" box="[496,562,1641,1667]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="31.[112,199,200,226]" captionTargetId="figure-12@30.[141,1485,192,1920]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9A–B. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Dorsal (A) and left (columellar) (B) views, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206 [ex CSUN Locality 1206]. C–L. Grovesia mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869), Muir Sandstone (Eocene, “Domengine Stage” to “Tejon Stage”), near Martinez, Contra Costa County, northern California. Basal (C), dorsal (D), right (labral) views, 1x, length 10.7 mm, width 7.5 mm, height 4.7 mm, of holotype ANSP 4217. F–G. Basal (F) [as published] and dorsal (G) views, 2.9x, length 17.9 mm, width 11.6 mm, of holotype CASG 245.02 [ex CAS 816] of Cypraea kerniana Anderson and Hanna, 1925, Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”) Grapevine Canyon, Kern County, southern California. H–J. Basal (H), dorsal (I), left (columellar), (J) left (columellar) views, 2.7x, length 14.6 mm, width 10.8 mm, height 7.8 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 7155.9, LACMIP type 14930, Tejon Formation, Grapevine Canyon, LACMIP Locality 7155, Kern County, southern California. K-L. Basal (K), dorsal (L) views, 3.9x, length 14 mm, width 10.3 mm, of hypotype UCMP 30903, UCMP Locality 5085, Ardath Shale (Eocene, “Domengine Stage”), San Diego County, southern California. M–P. Luponovula maniobraensis (Squires and Advocate, 1986), (M–O). Maniobra Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), Orocopia Mountains, Riverside County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and right (labral) (O) views, 1.3x, length 39.6 mm, width 22.8 mm, height 21.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 10566.4, LACMIP Type 10566 [ex UCLA 48431], LACMIP Locality 23779. (P). Basal view, Llajas Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California, 2.1x, length 26.6 mm, width 15.8 mm, height 10.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40491.1, LACMIP Type 14945 (LACMIP Locality 40491 [ex CSUN Locality 491])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13869606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13869606/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">9A–B</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FF32F90BFDB0F92F" authority="Gabb, 1869" authorityName="Gabb. Gabb" authorityYear="1869" box="[144,634,1710,1740]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bayerquei" subGenus="Luponia">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FF32F90BFF39F929" box="[144,243,1712,1740]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Cypraea</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FEA1F915FEACF92F" box="[259,358,1710,1738]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Luponia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FED6F90BFE21F929" box="[372,491,1712,1740]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">bayerquei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FE53F90BFDB0F92F" author="Gabb, W. M." box="[497,634,1712,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref37406" refString="Gabb, W. M. 1869. Tertiary invertebrate fossils (contin- ued). Geological Survey of California, Palaeontology 2 (2): 39 - 63, pls. 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="1869">Gabb, 1869</bibRefCitation>
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. pp. 163, 164, 225 [as 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FF7BF968FF23F90A" box="[217,233,1747,1775]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FF5BF968FE61F90A" authorityName="Gabb. Gabb" authorityYear="1869" box="[249,427,1745,1775]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bayerquei" subGenus="Luponia">
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FEA6F96AFED9F908" box="[260,275,1745,1773]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">L</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FE8DF968FE61F90A" box="[303,427,1747,1775]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Bayerquei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]; pl. 27, figs. 43a–c [in part]. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FFD2F94DFEDCF8F5" author="Cooper, J. G." box="[112,278,1782,1808]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="223 - 308" refId="ref35817" refString="Cooper, J. G. 1888. Catalogue of Californian fossils. Seventh Annual Report of the State Mineralogist for 1887, pp. 223 - 308." type="journal article" year="1888">Cooper, 1888</bibRefCitation>
. p. 280 [in part]. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FE51F94DFD52F8F5" author="Arnold, R." box="[499,664,1782,1808]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 264" refId="ref35331" refString="Arnold, R. 1906. The Tertiary and Quaternary pectens of California. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 47: 1 - 264, pls. 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1906">Arnold, 1906</bibRefCitation>
. p. 15. Not 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FFD2F8A1FDD6F8D1" authority="(Gabb, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Gabb" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[112,540,1817,1846]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bayerquei">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FFD2F8A1FEBAF8D3" box="[112,368,1818,1846]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea bayerquei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FE20F8A2FDDAF8D6" author="Gabb, W. M." box="[386,528,1817,1843]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref37406" refString="Gabb, W. M. 1869. Tertiary invertebrate fossils (contin- ued). Geological Survey of California, Palaeontology 2 (2): 39 - 63, pls. 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="1869">Gabb, 1869</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FF32F886FAEFFEE4" blockId="29.[112,800,1710,1949]" lastBlockId="29.[832,1521,194,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3AA64F74FFCEFFB5FF32F886FAEFFEE4" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitation id="9B174E4BFFCEFFB5FF32F886FD3EF8B2" author="Whiteaves, J. F." box="[144,756,1852,1881]" page="128" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" year="1895">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FF32F886FD3EF8B2" authority="Gabb. Whiteaves, 1895, p. 128" authorityName="Gabb. Whiteaves" authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="1895" box="[144,756,1852,1881]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bayerquei">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FF32F886FEBFF8BC" box="[144,373,1853,1881]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Cypraea bayerquei</emphasis>
Gabb. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FE6BF887FD53F8B2" author="Whiteaves, J. F." box="[457,665,1852,1879]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref44703" refString="Whiteaves, J. F. 1895. On some fossils from the Nanaimo Group of the Vancouver Cretaceous. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 2, 1: 119 - 113, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1895">Whiteaves, 1895</bibRefCitation>
, p. 128
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[as 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FFD2F8DBFE90F899" authorityName="Gabb. Whiteaves" authorityYear="1895" box="[112,346,1888,1916]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bayerquei">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FFD2F8DBFE90F899" box="[112,346,1888,1916]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Cypraea Bayerquei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FED1F8DBFD88F89F" author="Dickerson, R. E." box="[371,578,1887,1914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="33 - 98" refId="ref36286" refString="Dickerson, R. E. 1915. Fauna of the type Tejon: Its relation to the Cowlitz phase of the Tejon Group of Washing- ton. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 5 (3): 33 - 98, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1915">Dickerson, 1915</bibRefCitation>
. pp. 43, 60, pl. 6, figs. 4a, 4b. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FF5DF838FE00F878" author="Dickerson, R. E." box="[255,458,1923,1949]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="363 - 524" refId="ref36340" refString="Dickerson, R. E. 1916. Stratigraphy and fauna of the Tejon Eocene of California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 9 (17): 363 - 524, pls. 36 - 46." type="journal article" year="1916">Dickerson, 1916</bibRefCitation>
. pp. 421, 432, 448 [in part]. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FCE2FF78FB51FF3B" author="Anderson, F. M. &amp; D. Hanna" box="[832,1179,195,222]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 249" refId="ref35137" refString="Anderson, F. M. and G D. Hanna. 1925. Fauna and strati- graphic relations of the Tejon Eocene at the type local- ity in Kern County, California. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 11: 1 - 249, pls. 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1925">Anderson and Hanna, 1925</bibRefCitation>
. pp. 43, 105–107 [in part]. Not 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FCD6FF5DFAEAFEE4" authority="(Gabb, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Gabb" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[884,1312,230,258]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bayerquei">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCD6FF5DFBBEFEE7" box="[884,1140,230,258]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea bayerquei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FB24FF5DFADEFEE5" author="Gabb, W. M." box="[1158,1300,230,256]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref37406" refString="Gabb, W. M. 1869. Tertiary invertebrate fossils (contin- ued). Geological Survey of California, Palaeontology 2 (2): 39 - 63, pls. 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="1869">Gabb, 1869</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
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<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FCC2FEB1FAE3FDFF" blockId="29.[832,1521,194,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FCC2FEB1FAEBFEC6" authority="Stewart, 1926" authorityName="Stewart" authorityYear="1926" box="[864,1313,264,294]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCC2FEB1FB95FEC1" box="[864,1119,264,294]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Cypraea castacensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FBC8FEB2FAEBFEC6" author="Stewart, R. B." box="[1130,1313,265,291]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">Stewart, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[1927]. p. 370; pl. 28, fig. 10. (New name for 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FB19FE96FC48FE8F" authority="Gabb, 1869" authorityName="Gabb. Gabb" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bayerquei">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB19FE96FA6BFEAC" box="[1211,1441,301,329]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Cypraea bayerquei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FA08FE97FC48FE8F" author="Gabb, W. M." pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref37406" refString="Gabb, W. M. 1869. Tertiary invertebrate fossils (contin- ued). Geological Survey of California, Palaeontology 2 (2): 39 - 63, pls. 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="1869">Gabb, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, [not 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FC6AFEEBFB9CFE8F" author="Gabb, W. M." box="[968,1110,336,362]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="55 - 217" refId="ref37370" refString="Gabb, W. M. 1864. Description of the Cretaceous fos- sils. Geological Survey of California, Palaeontology 1 (4): 55 - 217, pls. 9 - 32." type="journal article" year="1864">Gabb, 1864</bibRefCitation>
]). 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FBDAFEEBFAEAFE8F" author="Ingram, W. M." box="[1144,1312,336,362]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="95 - 122" refId="ref39050" refString="Ingram, W. M. 1942. Type fossil Cypraeidae of North Amer- ica. Bulletins of American Paleontology 27 (104): 95 - 122, pls. 8 - 11." type="journal article" year="1942">Ingram, 1942</bibRefCitation>
. p. 103; pl. 8, fig. 5 [= 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FCD8FEC8FB85FE6A" ID-CoL="C4MRT" authority="Groves &amp; Squires, 2023" authorityName="Groves &amp; Squires" authorityYear="2023" box="[890,1103,371,399]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Bernaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kaylinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCD8FEC8FB85FE6A" box="[890,1103,371,399]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Bernaya kaylinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="33F10933FFCEFFB5FBFEFEC8FB55FE68" box="[1116,1183,370,397]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
], fig. 6 [= 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FAB9FEC8FA0DFE68" box="[1307,1479,371,399]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FAB9FEC8FA56FE6A" box="[1307,1436,371,399]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, cf. 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FCE2FE2CFB4DFE55" ID-CoL="6FHVK" authority="(Lamarck, 1802)" authorityName="So CA" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[832,1159,405,432]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflata">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCE2FE2CFC64FE55" box="[832,942,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">E. inflata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FC62FE2DFBB1FE55" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[960,1147,406,432]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="214 - 218" refId="ref39305" refString="Lamarck, J. B. 1802 - 1805. Memoires sur les fossiles des environs de Paris, comprenant la determination des especes qui appartiennent aux animaux marins sans vertebres, et dont la plupart sont figures dans la collection des velins du museum. Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 1: 383 - 391 [1802], 6: 214 - 218, pls. 1 - 4 [1805]." type="journal article" year="1802">Lamarck, 1802</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
]. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FB3FFE2CFA07FE55" author="Keen, A. M. &amp; H. Bentson" box="[1181,1485,406,433]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref39217" refString="Keen, A. M. and H. Bentson. 1944. Check list of Califor- nia Tertiary marine Mollusca. Geological Society of America Special Papers 56: v + 1 - 280, figs. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1944">Keen and Bentson, 1944</bibRefCitation>
. p. 151–152 [in part]. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FB93FE01FB20FE36" author="Ingram, W. M." box="[1073,1258,441,468]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="47 - 124" refId="ref39085" refString="Ingram, W. M. 1947 a. Fossil and recent Cypraeidae of the western regions of the Americas. Bulletin of American Paleontology 31 (120): 47 - 124, pls. 5 - 7." type="journal article" year="1947">Ingram, 1947a</bibRefCitation>
. pp. 88, 89 [in part]. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FCE2FE66FC3CFE13" author="Ingram, W. M." box="[832,1014,476,503]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="141 - 161" refId="ref39125" refString="Ingram, W. M. 1947 b. Check list of the Cypraeidae occur- ring in the Western Hemisphere. Bulletins of American Paleontology 31 (122): 141 - 161." type="journal article" year="1947">Ingram, 1947b</bibRefCitation>
. p. 144, 145. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FB36FE67FAF7FE12" author="Squires, R. L." box="[1172,1341,476,503]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref42615" refString="Squires, R. L. 1984. Megapaleontology of the Eocene Lla- jas Formation, Simi Valley, California. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350: 1 - 76, figs. 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1984">Squires, 1984</bibRefCitation>
. pp. 23, 24, fig. 7b [= 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FC2AFDBBFB96FDF9" ID-CoL="C4MRT" authority="Groves &amp; Squires, 2023" authorityName="Groves &amp; Squires" authorityYear="2023" box="[904,1116,512,540]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Bernaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kaylinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FC2AFDBBFB96FDF9" box="[904,1116,512,540]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Bernaya kaylinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="33F10933FFCEFFB5FBC0FDBBFB68FDFF" box="[1122,1186,512,538]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFCEFFB5FB0BFE44FAD4FDFF" box="[1193,1310,511,538]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FCC2FD98FB21FD42" blockId="29.[832,1521,194,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FCC2FD98FA5CFDD8" box="[864,1430,545,575]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="bayerquei" subGenus="Eocypraea" subSpecies="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCC2FD98FC2BFDDA" box="[864,993,547,575]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FC57FD98FBBCFDDA" box="[1013,1142,547,575]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB28FD98FA5CFDD8" box="[1162,1430,545,575]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">bayerquei castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Stew- art). 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FCDDFDFDFBFEFD85" author="Schilder, F. A." box="[895,1076,582,608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" refId="ref41900" refString="Schilder, F. A. 1932. Cypraeacea (Mollusca Gastropoda Prosobranchia) (Familien Eratoidae, Cypraeidae und Amphiperatidae). Pp. 1 - 276 in W. Quenstedt (ed.). Fossilium Catalogus, 1: Animalia, pt. 55. W. Junk, Berlin." type="book" year="1932">Schilder, 1932</bibRefCitation>
. p. 214 [as 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB6EFDFEFB29FD84" box="[1228,1251,581,609]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FB4EFDFDFA56FD87" baseAuthorityName="Gabb" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1260,1436,581,610]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bayerquei" subGenus="Eocypraea">
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB5AFDFEFAC3FD84" box="[1272,1289,581,609]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">E</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FA81FDFDFA56FD87" box="[1315,1436,582,610]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">bayerquei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FA04FDFEFC42FD61" authorityName="Stewart" authorityYear="1926" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FA04FDFEFC42FD61" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FC3FFDD2FB21FD66" author="Schilder, M. &amp; F. A. Schilder" box="[925,1259,617,643]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref42099" refString="Schilder, M. and F. A. Schilder. 1971. A catalogue of living and fossil cowries. Taxonomy and bibliography of Trivacea and Cypraeacea (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Memoires, Deuxieme Serie, 85: 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1971">Schilder and Schilder, 1971</bibRefCitation>
. pp. 67 [as 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FACDFDD1FBC1FD4C" baseAuthorityName="Aldrich" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bay" subGenus="Eocypraea">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FACDFDD1FA3AFD63" box="[1391,1520,618,646]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCE9FD36FC06FD4C" box="[843,972,653,681]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FC7CFD36FBC1FD4C" box="[990,1035,653,681]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">bay</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FBA9FD36FB54FD42" box="[1035,1182,651,681]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
. 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FBB7FD30FB54FD42" authorityName="Stewart" authorityYear="1926" box="[1045,1182,651,679]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">castacensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
], 103.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FCC2FD0BFA3AFCB2" blockId="29.[832,1521,194,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FCC2FD0BFB3AFD2F" authority="(Stewart)" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[864,1264,686,716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCC2FD0BFBBAFD2F" box="[864,1136,686,716]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea castacensis</emphasis>
(Stewart)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FB58FD0BFA5AFD2F" author="Vokes, H. E." box="[1274,1424,688,714]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref44220" refString="Vokes, H. E. 1939. Molluscan faunas of the Domengine and Arroyo Hondo formations of the California Eocene. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 38: 1 - 246, pls. 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1939">Vokes, 1939</bibRefCitation>
. p. 154, pl. 20, fig. 9 [= 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FC5FFD68FB19FD0A" ID-CoL="C4MRT" authority="Groves &amp; Squires, 2023" authorityName="Groves &amp; Squires" authorityYear="2023" box="[1021,1235,723,751]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Bernaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kaylinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FC5FFD68FB19FD0A" box="[1021,1235,723,751]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Bernaya kaylinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="33F10933FFCEFFB5FB79FD68FAD4FD08" box="[1243,1310,722,749]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
], fig. 14 [= 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FA0FFD68FC7BFCF4" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FA0FFD68FC4DFCF4" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, cf. 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FC7CFD4CFAE9FCF5" ID-CoL="6FHVK" authority="(Lamarck, 1802)" authorityName="So CA" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[990,1315,757,784]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflata">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FC7CFD4CFB86FCF5" box="[990,1100,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">E. inflata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FBFFFD4DFADDFCF5" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[1117,1303,758,784]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="214 - 218" refId="ref39305" refString="Lamarck, J. B. 1802 - 1805. Memoires sur les fossiles des environs de Paris, comprenant la determination des especes qui appartiennent aux animaux marins sans vertebres, et dont la plupart sont figures dans la collection des velins du museum. Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 1: 383 - 391 [1802], 6: 214 - 218, pls. 1 - 4 [1805]." type="journal article" year="1802">Lamarck, 1802</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
]. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FA9BFD4DFA04FCF5" author="Fehse, D." box="[1337,1486,758,784]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref37011" refString="Fehse, D. 2001. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Ovuliade (Mollusca: Cypraeoidea). 8. Einleitung zur familie sowie Katalog, Taxonomy und Bibliographie und Bemerkungen zu verwandten Gruppen. Acta Conchyliorum 5: 1 - 51, figs. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2001">Fehse, 2001</bibRefCitation>
. p. 20. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FCCEFCA2FB6FFCD6" author="Groves, L. T. &amp; R. L. Squires" box="[876,1189,793,819]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref38553" refString="Groves, L. T. and R. L. Squires. 2021. Checklist of California Paleogene-Neogene marine Mollusca since Keen and Bentson (1944). PaleoBios 38: 1 - 360, figs. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2021">Groves and Squires, 2021</bibRefCitation>
. pp. 226 (as 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FA9CFCA1FA69FCD3" ID-CoL="7NV8K" authorityName="Groves &amp; Squires" authorityYear="2023" box="[1342,1443,794,822]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FA9CFCA1FA69FCD3" box="[1342,1443,794,822]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Cypraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 222, 232 (as 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FC3DFC86FBD5FCBC" ID-CoL="7P3H3" authorityName="Cossmann" authorityYear="1903" box="[927,1055,829,857]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FC3DFC86FBD5FCBC" box="[927,1055,829,857]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB8DFC80FB8AFCB2" box="[1071,1088,827,855]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">E</emphasis>
.) sp., cf. 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FB00FC86FAE8FCBC" ID-CoL="7P3H3" authorityName="Cossmann" authorityYear="1903" box="[1186,1314,829,857]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB00FC86FAE8FCBC" box="[1186,1314,829,857]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FA85FC86FA15FCB2" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1319,1503,827,855]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis" subGenus="Eocypraea">
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FA90FC80FA89FCB2" box="[1330,1347,827,855]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">E</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FAFAFC80FA15FCB2" box="[1368,1503,827,855]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FCC2FCDBFA55FC25" blockId="29.[832,1521,194,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FCC2FCDBFAE9FC9F" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[864,1315,862,892]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis" subGenus="Eocypraea">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCC2FCDBFC2EFC99" box="[864,996,864,892]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FC59FCDBFBB5FC99" box="[1019,1151,864,892]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB34FCE5FAE9FC9F" box="[1174,1315,862,890]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FA9AFCDBFA3AFC9F" author="Stewart, R. B." box="[1336,1520,864,890]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">Stewart, 1926</bibRefCitation>
[1927]). 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FC11FC38FBA1FC78" author="Schilder, F. A." box="[947,1131,899,925]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="57 - 120" refId="ref42034" refString="Schilder, F. A. 1941. Verwandtschaft und Verbreitung der Cypraeacea. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde 73 (2 / 3): 57 - 120, figs. 8 - 9." type="journal article" year="1941">Schilder, 1941</bibRefCitation>
. p. 103. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FB7CFC38FA42FC78" author="Groves, L. T." box="[1246,1416,899,925]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="101 - 107" refId="ref37814" refString="Groves, L. T. 1992. California cowries (Cypraeacea): Past and present, with notes on recent tropical eastern Pacific species. The Festivus 24 (9): 101 - 107, figs. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1992">Groves, 1992</bibRefCitation>
. p. 106. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FCE2FC1DFC2EFC25" author="Groves, L. T." box="[832,996,934,960]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="11 - 14" refId="ref37858" refString="Groves, L. T. 1993. Fossil and recent species of eastern Pacific Cypraeacea (Pediculariidae, Cypraeidae, and Ovulidae). The Western Society of Malacologists Annual Report 25: 11 - 14." type="book chapter" year="1993">Groves, 1993</bibRefCitation>
. p. 11. Groves, 2011. p. 46 (table 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FCC2FC71FC32FB95" blockId="29.[832,1521,194,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FCC2FC71FA9BFC01" authority="(Gabb, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Gabb" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[864,1361,968,998]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Sulcocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mathewsonii">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCC2FC71FB6CFC01" box="[864,1190,968,998]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Sulcocypraea mathewsonii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FB15FC72FA8FFC06" author="Gabb, W. M." box="[1207,1349,969,995]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref37406" refString="Gabb, W. M. 1869. Tertiary invertebrate fossils (contin- ued). Geological Survey of California, Palaeontology 2 (2): 39 - 63, pls. 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="1869">Gabb, 1869</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FAFFFC72FC28FBE2" author="Squires, R. L. &amp; L. T. Groves" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref43645" refString="Squires, R. L. and L. T. Groves. 1993. First report of the ovulid gastropod Sulcocypraea mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869) from the Eocene of Washington and Oregon and an additional report from California. The Veliger 36 (1): 81 - 87, figs. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1993">Squires and Groves, 1993</bibRefCitation>
. pp. 83, 84, figs. 2–4. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FB40FC56FA58FBE2" author="Groves, L. T." box="[1250,1426,1005,1031]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="79 - 87" refId="ref37896" refString="Groves, L. T. 1994 a. New species of Cypraeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Miocene of California and the Eocene of Washington. The Veliger 37 (3): 244 - 252, figs. 1 - 13 [reprinted in Bulletin of the Southern California Paleontological Society 26 (9 - 10): 79 - 87]." type="journal article" year="1994">Groves, 1994a</bibRefCitation>
. p. 247. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FCE2FBABFC26FBCF" author="Nesbitt, E. A." box="[832,1004,1040,1066]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="13 - 19" refId="ref40078" refString="Nesbitt, E. A. 1998. Marine fauna of the middle Eocene Tukwila Formation, King County. Washington Geology 26 (1): 13 - 19, figs. 1 - 3, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1998">Nesbitt, 1998</bibRefCitation>
. p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 13 (fig. oriented upside down). Not 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FC7AFB88FB54FBA8" baseAuthorityName="Gabb" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[984,1182,1073,1103]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Sulcocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mathewsonii">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FC7AFB88FB54FBA8" box="[984,1182,1073,1103]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">C. mathewsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FB69FB88FABEFBA8" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1227,1396,1073,1103]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB69FB88FABEFBA8" box="[1227,1396,1073,1103]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">G. castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FA2AFB88FC4BFB95" author="Stewart, R. B." pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">Stewart, 1926</bibRefCitation>
[1927])].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FCC2FBC1FC24FB3F" blockId="29.[832,1521,194,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FCC2FBC1FB0EFB71" ID-CoL="C4ZBB" authority="(Gabb)" authorityName="WA, OR, So CA" baseAuthorityName="Gabb" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[864,1220,1144,1174]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mathewsonii">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCC2FBC1FBADFB71" box="[864,1127,1144,1174]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Grovesia mathewsonii</emphasis>
(Gabb)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FB69FBC2FA23FB76" author="Dolin, L. &amp; J-M. Pacaud" box="[1227,1513,1145,1171]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="277 - 314" refId="ref36679" refString="Dolin, L. and J-M. Pacaud. 2009. Les Cypraeoidea et Ve- lutinoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda) du Lutetien inferieur du Vicentin et dus Veronais (nord-est de l'Italie). Revue de Paleobiologie, Geneve 28 (2): 277 - 314, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2009">Dolin and Pacaud, 2009</bibRefCitation>
. p. 289. Not 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FC7BFB26FB53FB52" ID-CoL="C4ZBB" authorityName="WA, OR, So CA" baseAuthorityName="Gabb" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[985,1177,1179,1209]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mathewsonii">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FC7BFB26FB53FB52" box="[985,1177,1179,1209]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">G. mathewsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FB65FB26FAB8FB52" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1223,1394,1179,1209]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB65FB26FAB8FB52" box="[1223,1394,1179,1209]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">G. castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FA2AFB26FC4BFB3F" author="Stewart, R. B." pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">Stewart, 1926</bibRefCitation>
[1927]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FCC2FB58FAADFAA1" blockId="29.[832,1521,194,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FCC2FB58FAE9FB18" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[864,1315,1249,1279]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis" subGenus="Eocypraea">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCC2FB58FC2EFB1A" box="[864,996,1251,1279]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FC59FB58FBB5FB1A" box="[1019,1151,1251,1279]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB34FB5AFAE9FB18" box="[1174,1315,1249,1277]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FA9AFB58FA3AFB18" author="Stewart, R. B." box="[1336,1520,1251,1277]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">Stewart, 1926</bibRefCitation>
[1927]). 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FC0FFABDFB92FAC5" author="Squires, R. L." box="[941,1112,1286,1312]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="896" refId="ref42926" refString="Squires, R. L. 2000. Additions to the molluscan fauna of the Eocene Juncal? Formation, Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, southern California [abstract]. Pacific Section SEPM-AAPG Meeting. Abstracts, Long Beach, California. [Published also in American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 84 (6): 896]." type="journal article" year="2000">Squires, 2000</bibRefCitation>
. p. 896 [not 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FB50FABDFA52FAC4" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1266,1432,1285,1314]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB50FABDFA52FAC4" box="[1266,1432,1285,1314]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">G. castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FA0BFABDFC78FAA6" author="Stewart, R. B." pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">Stewart, 1926</bibRefCitation>
[1927)] [= 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FBE3FA91FADAFAA1" ID-CoL="C4Y6B" authority="Groves &amp; Squires, 2023" authorityName="Groves &amp; Squires" authorityYear="2023" box="[1089,1296,1320,1350]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Subepona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leahae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FBE3FA91FADAFAA1" box="[1089,1296,1320,1350]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Subepona leahae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="33F10933FFCEFFB5FAB4FA91FA90FAA1" box="[1302,1370,1321,1348]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FCC2FAF6FC1BFA6F" blockId="29.[832,1521,194,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FCC2FAF6FA5AFA82" authority="(Stewart)" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" box="[864,1424,1355,1385]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="bayerquei" subSpecies="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCC2FAF6FACDFA82" box="[864,1287,1355,1385]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Eocypraea bayerquei castacensis</emphasis>
(Stewart)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FA02FAF7FC4BFA6F" author="Fehse, D." pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref37236" refString="Fehse, D. 2021. Zur systemstischen stellung der Eocy- praeidae F. A. Schilder 1924. Part 2. (Mollusca: Gas- tropoda: Cypraeoidea). Privately published online, Berlin, Germany 46 p., pls. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="2021">Fehse, 2021</bibRefCitation>
. p. 42.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFCEFFB7FCC2FA28FA72FC20" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FCC2FA28FA70F9DF" blockId="29.[832,1521,194,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFCEFFB5FCC2FA28FA70F9DF" collectionCode="UCMP" county="Kern County" location="Tejon Formation" municipality="Locality" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="UCMP 11690" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCC2FA28FB39FA48" bold="true" box="[864,1267,1427,1453]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFCEFFB5FCC2FA28FC11FA48" box="[864,987,1427,1453]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and Type Locality—
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFCEFFB5FB51FA28FA53FA48" box="[1267,1433,1427,1453]" collectionCode="UCMP" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="University or college">UCMP 11690</specimenCode>
(= fig- ured specimen of 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FBB6FA0DFB10FA34" author="Dickerson, R. E." box="[1044,1242,1462,1489]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="33 - 98" refId="ref36286" refString="Dickerson, R. E. 1915. Fauna of the type Tejon: Its relation to the Cowlitz phase of the Tejon Group of Washing- ton. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 5 (3): 33 - 98, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1915">Dickerson, 1915</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 6, figs. 4a, 4b) (
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFCEFFB5FA14FA0DFC44FA16" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[112,199,195,221]" captionTargetId="figure-12@26.[112,1456,197,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 8A–C. Eocypraea novasumma (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Runkle Canyon, north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right-labral (C) views, 3.2x, length 17 mm, width 11.6 mm, height 9.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 30499, UCMP Locality 4776. D–F. Eocypraea takeosusukii Groves, 2011, “Martinez” Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian), Lower Lake area, Lake County, northern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and left-lateral (columellar) views, 2.6x, length 18.8 mm, width 14.4 mm, height 11.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 7045.1, LACMIP Type 13645, LACMIP Locality 7045 [ex CIT Locality 1580]. G–I. Eocypraea sp., cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802), “Domengine Formation” (Eocene, “Domen- gine Stage”), Reef Ridge, Kings County, central California. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and right (labral) (I) views, 1.8x, length 26 mm, width 17.7 mm, height 13 mm, of hypotype UCMP 15815, Locality UCMP A-1282. J–L. Eocypraea sp. Lodo Formation (basal part) (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central California. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 1.5x, length 33 mm, width 21.5 mm, height 19 mm, of hypotype CASG 61666.04 [ex LSJU 10236], CASG Locality 61666 [ex LSJU Locality 2073; = UCMP Locality A-9717]. M–P. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and left (columellar) (O) views, 4.5x, length 12.2 mm, width 7.8 mm, height 5.9 mm, of holotype UCMP 11690, Grapevine Canyon, UCMP Locality 452. Basal (P) view, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13869604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13869604/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Figs. 8M–O</figureCitation>
), length 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCEFFB5FC58FA62FBA0FA11" box="[1018,1130,1497,1524]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="12.2">12.2 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCEFFB5FB65FA62FAEDFA11" box="[1223,1319,1497,1524]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
, height 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCEFFB5FA29FA62FA26FA11" box="[1419,1516,1497,1524]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.9 mm</quantity>
. 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCEFFB5FCE2FA46FC46F9F2" box="[832,908,1533,1559]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="FA6DF220FFCEFFB5FC32FA47FC38F9F3" box="[912,1010,1532,1558]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Locality</collectingMunicipality>
452, 
<location id="1F693E81FFCEFFB5FB93FA47FB36F9F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCEFFB5FB93FA47FB36F9F3" box="[1073,1276,1532,1558]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Tejon Formation" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="California">Tejon Formation</location>
(Metralla Member), 
<location id="1F693E81FFCEFFB5FCE2F99BFBDAF9DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCEFFB5FCE2F99BFBDAF9DF" box="[832,1040,1568,1594]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Grapevine Creek" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="California">Grapevine Creek</location>
, 
<collectingCounty id="F36810D6FFCEFFB5FBB9F99BFB7DF9DF" box="[1051,1207,1568,1594]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Kern County</collectingCounty>
, southern 
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.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCEFFB5FCC2F9F8FA3BF87F" blockId="29.[832,1521,194,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCC2F9F8FAD2F9B8" bold="true" box="[864,1304,1603,1629]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Referred Specimens—Hypotype</emphasis>
(of 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FAF3F9F8FA2FF9B8" author="Gabb, W. M." box="[1361,1509,1603,1629]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref37406" refString="Gabb, W. M. 1869. Tertiary invertebrate fossils (contin- ued). Geological Survey of California, Palaeontology 2 (2): 39 - 63, pls. 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="1869">Gabb, 1869</bibRefCitation>
) 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCEFFB5FCE2F9DDFC4FF965" box="[832,901,1638,1664]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">ANSP</collectionCode>
4211 and of 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FB84F9DDFB13F965" author="Stewart, R. B." box="[1062,1241,1638,1664]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">Stewart (1926</bibRefCitation>
[1927]), p. 370, pl. 28, fig. 10) lost (
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FC7BF932FADAF946" author="Groves, L. T. &amp; R. L. Squires" box="[985,1296,1673,1699]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref38503" refString="Groves, L. T. and R. L. Squires. 2018. Annotated catalog of the fossil invertebrates described by, and named for, William More Gabb (1839 - 1878). Zootaxa 4534: 1 - 150, figs. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2018">Groves and Squires, 2018</bibRefCitation>
: p. 67). 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FACCF932FA3AF946" bold="true" box="[1390,1520,1673,1699]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Hypotype</emphasis>
(of 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FCC8F917FB62F922" author="Squires, R. L. &amp; L. T. Groves" box="[874,1192,1708,1735]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref43645" refString="Squires, R. L. and L. T. Groves. 1993. First report of the ovulid gastropod Sulcocypraea mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869) from the Eocene of Washington and Oregon and an additional report from California. The Veliger 36 (1): 81 - 87, figs. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1993">Squires and Groves, 1993</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 2–4; as 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FAECF916FC17F90F" baseAuthorityName="Gabb" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Sulcocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mathewsonii">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FAECF916FC17F90F" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Sulcocypraea mathewsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCEFFB5FC53F96BFB83F90F" box="[1009,1097,1744,1770]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34878" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34878" name="University of Washington, Burke Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">UWBM</collectionCode>
22052, Tukwilla Formation, Pov- erty Hill, King County, 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCEFFB5FBEAF948FB17F8E8" box="[1096,1245,1779,1805]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Washington</collectingRegion>
. 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FB47F948FAAFF8E8" bold="true" box="[1253,1381,1779,1805]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Hypotype</emphasis>
(of 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCEFFB5FA32F948FC4BF8D5" author="Nesbitt, E. A." pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="13 - 19" refId="ref40078" refString="Nesbitt, E. A. 1998. Marine fauna of the middle Eocene Tukwila Formation, King County. Washington Geology 26 (1): 13 - 19, figs. 1 - 3, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1998">Nesbitt, 1998</bibRefCitation>
, pl, 1, fig. 13; as 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCEFFB5FBE1F8ADFA42F8D4" baseAuthorityName="Gabb" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1091,1416,1813,1842]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Sulcocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mathewsonii">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FBE1F8ADFA42F8D4" box="[1091,1416,1813,1842]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Sulcocypraea mathewsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCEFFB5FA3AF8ACFA3AF8D4" box="[1432,1520,1815,1841]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34878" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34878" name="University of Washington, Burke Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">UWBM</collectionCode>
78021, Tukwilla Formation, King County, 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCEFFB5FAF6F882FA26F8B6" box="[1364,1516,1849,1875]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Washington</collectingRegion>
. 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FCE2F8E6FB8FF893" bold="true" box="[832,1093,1884,1911]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Hypotype (herein)</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCEFFB5FBF2F8E6FB7DF892" box="[1104,1207,1885,1911]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">LACMIP</collectionCode>
41206.2, 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCEFFB5FA9CF8E6FA6FF892" box="[1342,1445,1885,1911]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFCEFFB5FA12F8E6FA25F892" box="[1456,1519,1885,1911]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
14941 (
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFCEFFB5FC3DF83BFC36F87F" box="[927,1020,1920,1946]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[112,199,195,221]" captionTargetId="figure-12@26.[112,1456,197,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 8A–C. Eocypraea novasumma (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Runkle Canyon, north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right-labral (C) views, 3.2x, length 17 mm, width 11.6 mm, height 9.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 30499, UCMP Locality 4776. D–F. Eocypraea takeosusukii Groves, 2011, “Martinez” Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian), Lower Lake area, Lake County, northern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and left-lateral (columellar) views, 2.6x, length 18.8 mm, width 14.4 mm, height 11.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 7045.1, LACMIP Type 13645, LACMIP Locality 7045 [ex CIT Locality 1580]. G–I. Eocypraea sp., cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802), “Domengine Formation” (Eocene, “Domen- gine Stage”), Reef Ridge, Kings County, central California. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and right (labral) (I) views, 1.8x, length 26 mm, width 17.7 mm, height 13 mm, of hypotype UCMP 15815, Locality UCMP A-1282. J–L. Eocypraea sp. Lodo Formation (basal part) (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central California. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 1.5x, length 33 mm, width 21.5 mm, height 19 mm, of hypotype CASG 61666.04 [ex LSJU 10236], CASG Locality 61666 [ex LSJU Locality 2073; = UCMP Locality A-9717]. M–P. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and left (columellar) (O) views, 4.5x, length 12.2 mm, width 7.8 mm, height 5.9 mm, of holotype UCMP 11690, Grapevine Canyon, UCMP Locality 452. Basal (P) view, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13869604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13869604/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Figs. 8P</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFCEFFB5FBA4F83BFB86F87F" box="[1030,1100,1920,1946]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="31.[112,199,200,226]" captionTargetId="figure-12@30.[141,1485,192,1920]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9A–B. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Dorsal (A) and left (columellar) (B) views, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206 [ex CSUN Locality 1206]. C–L. Grovesia mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869), Muir Sandstone (Eocene, “Domengine Stage” to “Tejon Stage”), near Martinez, Contra Costa County, northern California. Basal (C), dorsal (D), right (labral) views, 1x, length 10.7 mm, width 7.5 mm, height 4.7 mm, of holotype ANSP 4217. F–G. Basal (F) [as published] and dorsal (G) views, 2.9x, length 17.9 mm, width 11.6 mm, of holotype CASG 245.02 [ex CAS 816] of Cypraea kerniana Anderson and Hanna, 1925, Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”) Grapevine Canyon, Kern County, southern California. H–J. Basal (H), dorsal (I), left (columellar), (J) left (columellar) views, 2.7x, length 14.6 mm, width 10.8 mm, height 7.8 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 7155.9, LACMIP type 14930, Tejon Formation, Grapevine Canyon, LACMIP Locality 7155, Kern County, southern California. K-L. Basal (K), dorsal (L) views, 3.9x, length 14 mm, width 10.3 mm, of hypotype UCMP 30903, UCMP Locality 5085, Ardath Shale (Eocene, “Domengine Stage”), San Diego County, southern California. M–P. Luponovula maniobraensis (Squires and Advocate, 1986), (M–O). Maniobra Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), Orocopia Mountains, Riverside County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and right (labral) (O) views, 1.3x, length 39.6 mm, width 22.8 mm, height 21.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 10566.4, LACMIP Type 10566 [ex UCLA 48431], LACMIP Locality 23779. (P). Basal view, Llajas Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California, 2.1x, length 26.6 mm, width 15.8 mm, height 10.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40491.1, LACMIP Type 14945 (LACMIP Locality 40491 [ex CSUN Locality 491])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13869606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13869606/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">9A–B</figureCitation>
), 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCEFFB5FBFCF83BFB08F87F" box="[1118,1218,1920,1946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 41206 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCEFFB5FA2EF8C5FA6CF87F" box="[1420,1446,1918,1946]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCEFFB5FA09F83BFA3BF87F" box="[1451,1521,1920,1946]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
</paragraph>
<caption id="4EC938D2FFCCFFB7FFD2FF73FB70FCB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13869606" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13869606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13869606/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" startId="31.[112,199,200,226]" targetBox="[172,1366,219,1887]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCCFFB7FFD2FF73FB70FCB9" blockId="31.[112,1519,199,861]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FFD2FF73FED3FF07" bold="true" box="[112,281,200,226]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Figure 9A–B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FE82FF72FDD2FF06" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[288,536,199,229]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FE82FF72FDD2FF06" box="[288,536,199,229]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Grovesia castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FD8BFF73FD12FF07" author="Stewart, R. B." box="[553,728,200,226]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">Stewart, 1926</bibRefCitation>
[1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FD82FF50FD57FEE0" box="[544,669,235,261]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
. Dorsal (A) and left (columellar) (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FBE3FF57FB9EFEE3" bold="true" box="[1089,1108,236,262]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">B</emphasis>
) views, 3.4x, length 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FAF3FF50FA0BFEE3" box="[1361,1473,235,262]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FF62FEB4FED5FECC" box="[192,287,271,297]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="9.1">9.1 mm</quantity>
, height 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FEDDFEB5FE14FECC" box="[383,478,270,297]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
, of hypotype 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FD27FEB4FD23FECC" box="[645,745,271,297]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
41206.2, 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FCC1FEB4FC0DFECC" box="[867,967,271,297]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FE1CFE89FDE8FEA9" box="[446,546,306,332]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 41206 [ex 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FCB5FE89FC97FEA9" box="[791,861,306,332]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 1206]. 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FB86FE8AFB91FEAE" bold="true" box="[1060,1115,305,331]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">C–L.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FBC3FE89FF76FE95" authority="(Gabb, 1869)" authorityName="WA, OR, So CA" baseAuthorityName="Gabb" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mathewsonii">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FBC3FE89FAA7FEA9" box="[1121,1389,304,334]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Grovesia mathewsonii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FADDFE89FF7BFE8A" author="Gabb, W. M." pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref37406" refString="Gabb, W. M. 1869. Tertiary invertebrate fossils (contin- ued). Geological Survey of California, Palaeontology 2 (2): 39 - 63, pls. 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="1869">Gabb, 1869</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, Muir Sandstone (Eocene, “Domengine Stage” to “Tejon Stage”), near Martinez, Contra Costa County, northern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FF45FEC3FEAEFE77" box="[231,356,376,402]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
. Basal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FE61FEC3FE1EFE77" bold="true" box="[451,468,376,402]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis>
), dorsal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FDEEFEC3FDABFE77" bold="true" box="[588,609,376,402]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">D</emphasis>
), right (labral) views, 1x, length 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FC54FEC3FBAFFE76" box="[1014,1125,376,403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="10.7">10.7 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FB62FEC3FAD5FE76" box="[1216,1311,376,403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
, height 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FA22FEC3FA15FE76" box="[1408,1503,376,403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
, of 
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFCCFFB7FF2DFE20FF34FE50" box="[143,254,411,437]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FEA6FE27FE83FE53" box="[260,329,412,438]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">ANSP</collectionCode>
4217. 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FE3FFE20FE1FFE50" bold="true" box="[413,469,411,437]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">F–G.</emphasis>
Basal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FD92FE27FD8AFE53" bold="true" box="[560,576,412,438]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">F</emphasis>
) [as published] and dorsal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FC02FE20FC79FE50" bold="true" box="[928,947,411,437]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">G</emphasis>
) views, 2.9x, length 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FB13FE27FAEAFE53" box="[1201,1312,412,438]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="17.9">17.9 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FAD9FE20FA20FE53" box="[1403,1514,411,438]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="11.6">11.6 mm</quantity>
, of 
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFCCFFB7FF2DFE04FF34FE3C" box="[143,254,447,473]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FEA6FE04FE8DFE3C" box="[260,327,447,473]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">CASG</collectionCode>
245.02 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FE17FE06FE05FE3C" box="[437,463,445,473]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FE74FE04FDCDFE3C" box="[470,519,447,473]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
816] of 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FDCCFE04FB68FE3C" authority="Anderson and Hanna, 1925" authorityName="Anderson and Hanna" authorityYear="1925" box="[622,1186,445,475]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kerniana">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FDCCFE04FC8DFE3C" box="[622,839,445,475]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Cypraea kerniana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FCEFFE04FB68FE3C" author="Anderson, F. M. &amp; D. Hanna" box="[845,1186,446,473]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 249" refId="ref35137" refString="Anderson, F. M. and G D. Hanna. 1925. Fauna and strati- graphic relations of the Tejon Eocene at the type local- ity in Kern County, California. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 11: 1 - 249, pls. 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1925">Anderson and Hanna, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”) Grapevine Canyon, Kern County, southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FC97FE59FC78FE19" box="[821,946,482,508]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
. 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FC19FE59FC3AFE19" bold="true" box="[955,1008,482,508]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">H–J.</emphasis>
Basal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FBE9FE59FBAAFE19" bold="true" box="[1099,1120,482,508]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">H</emphasis>
), dorsal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FB7AFE59FB28FE19" bold="true" box="[1240,1250,482,508]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">I</emphasis>
), left (columellar), (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FFD9FDBEFF4FFDFA" bold="true" box="[123,133,517,543]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">J</emphasis>
) left (columellar) views, 2.7x, length 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FDF7FDBEFD0EFDC5" box="[597,708,517,544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="14.6">14.6 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FCBDFDBEFC44FDC5" box="[799,910,517,544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="10.8">10.8 mm</quantity>
, height 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FC4DFDBEFB84FDC5" box="[1007,1102,517,544]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
, of hypotype 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FB56FDBEFA92FDFA" box="[1268,1368,517,543]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
7155.9, 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FFD2FD93FF1EFDA7" box="[112,212,552,578]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
type 14930, Tejon Formation, Grapevine Canyon, 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FCE3FD93FC6FFDA7" box="[833,933,552,578]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 7155, Kern County, southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FFD2FDF0FF27FD80" box="[112,237,587,613]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
. 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FF54FDF7FEE9FD83" bold="true" box="[246,291,588,614]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">K-L</emphasis>
. Basal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FE27FDF7FE53FD83" bold="true" box="[389,409,588,614]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">K</emphasis>
), dorsal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FDB3FDF7FDEBFD83" bold="true" box="[529,545,588,614]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">L</emphasis>
) views, 3.9x, length 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FCBCFDF7FCBDFD83" box="[798,887,588,614]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FC70FDF7FB8BFD83" box="[978,1089,588,614]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="10.3">10.3 mm</quantity>
, of hypotype 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FB4AFDF7FAFEFD83" box="[1256,1332,588,614]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
30903, 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FFD2FDD4FF76FD6C" box="[112,188,623,649]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
Locality 5085, Ardath Shale (Eocene, “Domengine Stage”), San Diego County, southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FB55FDD4FABEFD6C" box="[1271,1396,623,649]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
. 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FADCFDD4FA70FD6C" bold="true" box="[1406,1466,623,649]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">M–P.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FFD2FD2BFCFAFD49" authority="(Squires and Advocate, 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Squires and Advocate" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[112,816,656,684]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Luponovula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maniobraensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FFD2FD2BFE73FD49" box="[112,441,656,684]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Luponovula maniobraensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FE69FD29FCEFFD49" author="Squires, R. L. &amp; D. M. Advocate" box="[459,805,658,684]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="851 - 864" refId="ref43291" refString="Squires, R. L. and D. M. Advocate 1986. New early Eocene mollusks from the Orocopia Mountains, southern California. Journal of Paleontology 60 (4): 851 - 864, figs, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1986">Squires and Advocate, 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FCE5FD2AFC49FD4E" bold="true" box="[839,899,657,683]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">M–O</emphasis>
). 
<collectingMunicipality id="FA6DF220FFCCFFB7FC3EFD29FB54FD49" box="[924,1182,658,684]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Maniobra Formation</collectingMunicipality>
(Eocene, “Capay Stage”), 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FFD2FD0EFEA5FD2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FFD2FD0EFEA5FD2A" box="[112,367,693,719]" county="Riverside County" municipality="Maniobra Formation" name="Orocopia Mountains" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Orocopia Mountains</location>
, 
<collectingCounty id="F36810D6FFCCFFB7FED8FD0EFD85FD2A" box="[378,591,693,719]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Riverside County</collectingCounty>
, southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FD73FD0EFC84FD2A" box="[721,846,693,719]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
. 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FCFAFD0EFC51FD2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FCFAFD0EFC51FD2A" box="[856,923,693,719]" county="Riverside County" municipality="Maniobra Formation" name="Basal" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Basal</location>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FC0FFD0EFC0CFD2A" bold="true" box="[941,966,693,719]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">M</emphasis>
), dorsal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FB9CFD0EFB98FD2A" bold="true" box="[1086,1106,693,719]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
), and right (labral) (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FAF0FD0EFAACFD2A" bold="true" box="[1362,1382,693,719]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">O</emphasis>
) views, 1.3x, length 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FEA5FD63FEBCFD16" box="[263,374,728,755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.96" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="39.6">39.6 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FE73FD63FD8AFD16" box="[465,576,728,755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="22.8">22.8 mm</quantity>
, height 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FD03FD63FCDAFD16" box="[673,784,728,755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="21.2">21.2 mm</quantity>
, of 
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFCCFFB7FC98FD63FC63FD17" box="[826,937,728,754]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFCCFFB7FC12FD63FB49FD16" box="[944,1155,728,755]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP 10566.4</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FB2CFD63FB38FD17" box="[1166,1266,728,754]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FB5BFD62FAFDFD16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FB5BFD62FAFDFD16" box="[1273,1335,729,755]" county="Riverside County" municipality="Maniobra Formation" name="Type" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Type</location>
10566 [ex 
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFCCFFB7FFD2FD47FEDBFCF3" box="[112,273,763,790]" collectionCode="UCLA" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/irpn-5wg7" name="University of California at Los Angeles" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">UCLA 48431</specimenCode>
], 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FE86FD47FE42FCF3" box="[292,392,764,790]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FE2DFD40FE38FCF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FE2DFD40FE38FCF0" box="[399,498,763,789]" county="Riverside County" municipality="Maniobra Formation" name="Locality" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Locality</location>
23779. (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FDC3FD47FDB9FCF3" bold="true" box="[609,627,764,790]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">P</emphasis>
). 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FD2EFD40FD05FCF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FD2EFD40FD05FCF0" box="[652,719,763,789]" county="Riverside County" municipality="Maniobra Formation" name="Basal" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Basal</location>
view, 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FCBEFD40FC24FCF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FCBEFD40FC24FCF0" box="[796,1006,763,789]" county="Riverside County" municipality="Maniobra Formation" name="Llajas Formation" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Llajas Formation</location>
(Eocene, “Capay Stage”), north side 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FA12FD40FF71FCDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FA12FD40FF71FCDC" county="Riverside County" municipality="Maniobra Formation" name="Simi Valley" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Simi Valley</location>
, 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FF67FCA4FE4DFCDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FF67FCA4FE4DFCDC" box="[197,391,799,825]" county="Riverside County" municipality="Maniobra Formation" name="Ventura County" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Ventura County</location>
, southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FDABFCA4FD4FFCDC" box="[521,645,799,825]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
, 2.1x, length 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FC84FCA5FC5CFCDC" box="[806,918,798,825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="26.6">26.6 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FC53FCA5FBAAFCDC" box="[1009,1120,798,825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="15.8">15.8 mm</quantity>
, height 
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCCFFB7FB63FCA4FAFAFCDC" box="[1217,1328,799,825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="10.9">10.9 mm</quantity>
, of hypotype 
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFCCFFB7FFD2FCF9FE8EFCB9" box="[112,324,834,860]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP 40491.1</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FEEDFCF9FE79FCB9" box="[335,435,834,860]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Type 14945 (
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FDFFFCF9FD0FFCB9" box="[605,709,834,860]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 40491 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FC35FCFBFC7BFCB9" box="[919,945,832,860]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FC1AFCF9FC34FCB9" box="[952,1022,834,860]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 491]).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCCFFB7FFD2FC3CFEE3F9FF" blockId="31.[112,801,902,1950]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFCCFFB7FFD2FC3CFF3BFC02" collectionCode="LACMIP, CSUN, UCLA" county="Kern County" location="Tejon Formation" municipality="Locality" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="LACMIP 41202.27, LACMIP 16856.2" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="California">
Locality 1206], Tejon Formation, base of Metralla Sand- stone Member, Liveoak Canyon, 
<collectingCounty id="F36810D6FFCCFFB7FDA7FC10FD69FC21" box="[517,675,938,965]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Kern County</collectingCounty>
, southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FFD2FC76FF27FC02" box="[112,237,973,999]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFCCFFB7FF5AFC76FF3AFB91" collectionCode="LACMIP, CSUN, UCLA" county="Kern County" location="Tejon Formation" municipality="Locality" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="LACMIP 41202.27, LACMIP 16856.2" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="California">
Additional specimens include 
<specimenCount id="0CB0A3D3FFCCFFB7FDD1FC75FCEAFC02" box="[627,800,973,1000]" count="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFCCFFB7FFD5FC4AFE94FBEE" box="[119,350,1009,1035]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP 41202.27</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FECBFC4AFE07FBEE" box="[361,461,1009,1035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFCCFFB7FE71FC4AFDDBFBEE" box="[467,529,1009,1035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
14944) from 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FD1EFC4AFCEAFBEE" box="[700,800,1009,1035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="FA6DF220FFCCFFB7FFD2FBAFFF1CFBCB" box="[112,214,1044,1070]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Locality</collectingMunicipality>
41202 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FEEAFBA9FEA9FBCB" box="[328,355,1042,1070]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FECFFBAFFE7EFBCB" box="[365,436,1044,1070]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 1202], basal 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FD7BFBAFFF33FBB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FD7BFBAFFF33FBB4" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Tejon Formation" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Tejon Formation</location>
, 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FEABFB8CFDA6FBB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FEABFB8CFDA6FBB4" box="[265,620,1079,1105]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Edmonston Pumping Plant" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Edmonston Pumping Plant</location>
, 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FDD9FB8CFCD5FBB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FDD9FB8CFCD5FBB4" box="[635,799,1079,1105]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Kern County" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Kern County</location>
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FFD3FBE1FF27FB91" box="[113,237,1114,1140]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFCCFFB7FF5BFBE1FD3CFB5F" collectionCode="LACMIP, CSUN, UCLA" county="Kern County" location="Tejon Formation" municipality="Locality" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="LACMIP 41202.27, LACMIP 16856.2" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="California">
<specimenCount id="0CB0A3D3FFCCFFB7FF5BFBE1FE0DFB91" box="[249,455,1114,1140]" count="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFCCFFB7FE74FBE1FD7AFB90" box="[470,688,1114,1141]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP 16856.2</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FD1EFBE1FCEAFB91" box="[700,800,1114,1140]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFCCFFB7FFD2FBC5FF64FB7D" box="[112,174,1150,1176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
14942) 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FEB7FBC6FEB3FB72" box="[277,377,1149,1175]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FEDDFBC6FE28FB72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FEDDFBC6FE28FB72" box="[383,482,1149,1175]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Locality" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Locality</location>
16856, 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FDE7FBC6FCD6FB72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FDE7FBC6FCD6FB72" box="[581,796,1149,1175]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Juncal Formation" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Juncal Formation</location>
, 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FFD2FB1BFE87FB5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FFD2FB1BFE87FB5F" box="[112,333,1184,1210]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Lockwood Valley" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Lockwood Valley</location>
, 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FEFEFB1AFDEDFB5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FEFEFB1AFDEDFB5E" box="[348,551,1185,1211]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Ventura County" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Ventura County</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FD94FB1BFD7DFB5F" box="[566,695,1184,1210]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
, and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFCCFFB7FCA3FB1AFEEFF9FF" collectionCode="LACMIP, CSUN, UCLA" county="Kern County" location="Tejon Formation" municipality="Locality" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="LACMIP 41202.27, LACMIP 16856.2" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="California">
an additional specimen from the 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FE4FFB7FFD0AFB3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FE4FFB7FFD0AFB3B" box="[493,704,1220,1246]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Tejon Formation" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Tejon Formation</location>
, Grape- vine 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FF0CFB5CFEC6FAE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FF0CFB5CFEC6FAE4" box="[174,268,1255,1281]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Canyon" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Canyon</location>
, 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FEBBFB5CFE7DFAE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FEBBFB5CFE7DFAE4" box="[281,439,1255,1281]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Kern County" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Kern County</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FE61FB5CFDF7FAE4" box="[451,573,1255,1281]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FDEEFB5CFD7EFAE4" box="[588,692,1255,1281]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FD1FFB5CFCEAFAE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FD1FFB5CFCEAFAE4" box="[701,800,1255,1281]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Locality" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Locality</location>
12492). 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FF7EFAB1FEC6FAC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FF7EFAB1FEC6FAC1" box="[220,268,1290,1316]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="The" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">The</location>
aforementioned specimens from 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FD1EFAB1FCEAFAC1" box="[700,800,1290,1316]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FFD2FA96FF13FAA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FFD2FA96FF13FAA2" box="[112,217,1325,1351]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Locality" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Locality</location>
16856 [= unpublished locality of 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FD0EFA95FF0DFA8E" author="Hartman, D. C." pageId="31" pageNumber="30" refId="ref38642" refString="Hartman, D. C. 1957. Geology of the upper Wagon Road Canyon area, southern California San Emigdio Moun- tains southern California. M. A. thesis. University of California. Los Angeles, CA. 95 pp." type="book" year="1957">Hartman (1957)</bibRefCitation>
] are indeed 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FECAFAEAFDDAFA8E" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[360,528,1359,1389]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FECAFAEAFDDAFA8E" box="[360,528,1359,1389]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">G. castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the exact locality information cannot be verified with confidence and they noted here for the record. A single uncatalogued 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FD1EFA2CFCEAFA54" box="[700,800,1431,1457]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FEA5FA01FE60FA30" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[263,426,1465,1494]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FEA5FA01FE60FA30" box="[263,426,1465,1494]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">G. castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with scant locality data of “San Diego area” from the 
<location id="1F693E81FFCCFFB7FECDFA66FDA1FA12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCEFF88FFD3F9FDFCEAFBE3:1F693E81FFCCFFB7FECDFA66FDA1FA12" box="[367,619,1501,1527]" county="Kern County" municipality="Locality" name="Sternberg Collection" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="California">Sternberg Collection</location>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FDD9FA67FD5FFA1D" box="[635,661,1500,1528]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FD38FA66FD29FA12" box="[666,739,1501,1527]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/irpn-5wg7" name="University of California at Los Angeles" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">UCLA</collectionCode>
) was also examined
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCCFFB7FF32F998FA72FC20" blockId="31.[112,801,902,1950]" lastBlockId="31.[832,1521,903,1950]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FF32F998FE8DF9D8" bold="true" box="[144,327,1571,1597]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Occurrence—</emphasis>
Middle to middle upper Eocene, Wash- ington and southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FE23F9FCFE35F984" box="[385,511,1607,1633]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
. 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FDAEF9FCFD08F984" bold="true" box="[524,706,1607,1633]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">“Tejon Stage”</emphasis>
(lower to middle part): “Tejon Group,” (undifferentiated as to member), Martinez area, Contra Costa County, northern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FFD2F90BFF25F92F" box="[112,239,1712,1738]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FEA4F90AFE75F92F" author="Stewart, R. B." box="[262,447,1712,1739]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">Stewart, 1926</bibRefCitation>
[1927]). Tejon Formation, base of Metralla Sandstone Member of Tejon Formation, 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FFD2F94EFCEAF8F7" authority="Anderson and Hanna, 1925" authorityName="Anderson and Hanna" authorityYear="1925" box="[112,800,1781,1811]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turritellidae" genus="Turritella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="uvasana" subSpecies="sargeanti">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FFD2F94EFE00F8F6" box="[112,458,1781,1811]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Turritella uvasana sargeanti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FE6DF94CFCEAF8F7" author="Anderson, F. M. &amp; D. Hanna" box="[463,800,1783,1810]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 249" refId="ref35137" refString="Anderson, F. M. and G D. Hanna. 1925. Fauna and strati- graphic relations of the Tejon Eocene at the type local- ity in Kern County, California. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 11: 1 - 249, pls. 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1925">Anderson and Hanna, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
“zone,” Live Oak Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FEEDF886FE03F8B2" box="[335,457,1853,1879]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
(new information). 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FD6BF886FEB5F89F" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">“Tejon Stage” (upper part):</emphasis>
Tukwila Formation, near Seattle, western King County, 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FE27F83FFDD0F87B" box="[389,538,1924,1950]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Washington</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FD8FF83FFC4BFC44" author="Squires, R. L. &amp; L. T. Groves" box="[557,897,903,1950]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref43645" refString="Squires, R. L. and L. T. Groves. 1993. First report of the ovulid gastropod Sulcocypraea mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869) from the Eocene of Washington and Oregon and an additional report from California. The Veliger 36 (1): 81 - 87, figs. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1993">Squires and Groves 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FC2FFC3CFBE7FC44" author="Nesbitt, E. A." box="[909,1069,903,929]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="13 - 19" refId="ref40078" refString="Nesbitt, E. A. 1998. Marine fauna of the middle Eocene Tukwila Formation, King County. Washington Geology 26 (1): 13 - 19, figs. 1 - 3, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1998">Nesbitt 1998</bibRefCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FBE1FC3CFABAFC44" bold="true" box="[1091,1392,903,929]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Lower Galvinian Stage:</emphasis>
Discovery 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FCE2FC10FCA4FC20" box="[832,878,939,965]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Bay</collectingRegion>
, Jefferson County, 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FBF0FC11FB2DFC21" box="[1106,1255,938,964]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Washington</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FB5BFC11FA6DFC21" author="Durham, J. W." box="[1273,1447,938,964]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="101 - 212" refId="ref36842" refString="Durham, J. W. 1944. Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 27 (5): 101 - 212, figs. 1 - 7, pls. 13 - 18." type="journal article" year="1944">Durham 1944</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFCCFFB7FCC2FC76FAA7FBB4" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCCFFB7FCC2FC76FAA7FBB4" blockId="31.[832,1521,903,1950]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FCC2FC76FBC2FC02" bold="true" box="[864,1032,973,999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Etymology—</emphasis>
Originally named for Castac Lake/Castac Valley area, just east of Lebec, Kern County, southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FCE2FBAFFC76FBCB" box="[832,956,1044,1070]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
. [Note: Castac Lake is not the same geographic feature as Castaic Lake, Los Angeles County].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFCCFFB7FCC2FBE1FA4CFAE4" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCCFFB7FCC2FBE1FA4CFAE4" blockId="31.[832,1521,903,1950]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FCC2FBE1FBD4FB91" bold="true" box="[864,1054,1114,1140]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Description—</emphasis>
Shell small to medium in size. Shell noticeably lenticular lengthwise, with same-shaped sides (not with lob-sided outer lip), somewhat flattened dorsally, smooth. Denticulation on outer lip much coarser and more closely spaced than that on inner lip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFCCFF88FCC2FAB1FCEAFBE3" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCCFFB7FCC2FAB1FA05F9DB" blockId="31.[832,1521,903,1950]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FCC2FAB1FC3CFAC1" bold="true" box="[864,1014,1290,1316]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Remarks—</emphasis>
At least 
<specimenCount id="0CB0A3D3FFCCFFB7FBF5FAB0FAE2FAC1" box="[1111,1320,1290,1317]" count="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FAE9FAB1FA3AFAC0" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1355,1520,1289,1318]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FAE9FAB1FA3AFAC0" box="[1355,1520,1289,1318]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">G. castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known and undoubtedly many others exist in strati- graphic collections. Preservation is usually moderate to good. 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FC29FACFFB4EFA6B" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[907,1156,1394,1424]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FC29FACFFB4EFA6B" box="[907,1156,1394,1424]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Grovesia castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is an uncommon spe- cies, was formerly reported by most previous workers as belonging to the eocypraeid genus 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FB44FA01FC48FA12" authority="Cossmann, 1903" authorityName="Cossmann" authorityYear="1903" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FB44FA01FAACFA33" box="[1254,1382,1466,1494]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Eocypraea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FAC8FA01FC48FA12" author="Cossmann, A. E. M." pageId="31" pageNumber="30" refId="ref35846" refString="Cossmann, A. E. M. 1903. Essais de paleoconchologie comparee. Vol. 5. Privately published. Paris. 215 pp., 16 figs., 9 pls." type="book" year="1903">Cossmann, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Poorly preserved specimens of NEP Eocene cyprae- oideans have been commonly misidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FA2AF9BAFC03F9DB" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FA2AF9BAFC03F9DB" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Grovesia castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as reviewed in the following paragraphs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCCFFB7FCCAF9FCFC37F87B" blockId="31.[832,1521,903,1950]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCCFFB7FCCAF9FCFBD0F984" author="Squires, R. L." box="[872,1050,1607,1633]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref42615" refString="Squires, R. L. 1984. Megapaleontology of the Eocene Lla- jas Formation, Simi Valley, California. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350: 1 - 76, figs. 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1984">Squires (1984</bibRefCitation>
: pp. 23, 24, fig. 7b) reported a speci- men of 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FC3BF9D1FB43F960" authorityName="Stewart" authorityYear="1926" box="[921,1161,1641,1670]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FC3BF9D1FB43F960" box="[921,1161,1641,1670]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Cypraea castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FB6DF9D1FAF9F961" box="[1231,1331,1642,1668]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 40374 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FCE8F937FCAEF94D" box="[842,868,1676,1704]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCCFFB7FCCCF936FC7EF942" box="[878,948,1677,1703]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 374], which is in the mappable unit referred to as “Stewart bed” of the Llajas Formation, Lla- jas Canyon, on north side of Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCCFFB7FC1CF94CFBF7F8F4" box="[958,1085,1783,1809]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">California</collectingRegion>
, but this occurrence is incorrect. The only cypraeoideans found at that particular local- ity are the new species 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FBD6F885FA8CF8BD" authorityName="Groves &amp; Squires" authorityYear="2023" box="[1140,1350,1852,1882]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Subepona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leahae">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FBD6F885FA8CF8BD" box="[1140,1350,1852,1882]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Subepona leahae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCCFFB7FA2BF885FC63F898" authorityName="Groves &amp; Squires" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Bernaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kaylinae">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCCFFB7FA2BF885FC63F898" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Bernaya kaylinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both of which described and named in this present report.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF3FF88FF32FF78FD9FFE13" blockId="32.[112,801,195,1031]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF3FF88FF32FF78FE8EFF38" author="Squires, R. L." box="[144,324,195,221]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref43067" refString="Squires, R. L. 2008. Eocene megapaleontology, stratigra- phy, and depositional environments, Elsmere Canyon, Los Angeles County, southern California. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 517: 1 - 16, figs. 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2008">Squires (2008</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 20) reported a very partial speci- men identified as 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF3FF88FEEAFF5DFE02FEE7" authorityName="Cossmann" authorityYear="1903" box="[328,456,230,258]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FEEAFF5DFE02FEE7" box="[328,456,230,258]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Eocypraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E.) sp., cf. 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FDEEFF5EFD97FEE4" box="[588,605,229,257]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">E</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF3FF88FDC5FF5DFCEAFEE4" authorityName="Stewart" authorityYear="1926" box="[615,800,229,257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis" subGenus="Eocypraea">
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FDD0FF5EFD49FEE4" box="[626,643,229,257]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">E</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FD3AFF5EFCEAFEE4" box="[664,800,229,257]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the upper lower Eocene Juncal Formation (
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFF3FF88FD70FEB2FCEAFEC6" box="[722,800,265,291]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
13421.10, 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFF3FF88FEA0FE96FEA6FEA2" box="[258,364,301,327]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFF3FF88FEDAFE96FE73FEA2" box="[376,441,301,327]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Type</typeStatus>
13421) (
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFF3FF88FD99FE96FD63FEA2" box="[571,681,301,327]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 17848) in Elsmere Canyon, Los Angeles County, southern 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFF3FF88FFD2FEC8FF27FE68" box="[112,237,371,397]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">California</collectingRegion>
. Although this specimen is too incomplete for reliable identification as to any species, the small size of the columellar teeth are unlike those of 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF3FF88FDC4FE01FF72FE12" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FDC4FE01FF72FE12" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Grovesia castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is unlikely to be this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF3FF88FF32FDBBFD72FD08" blockId="32.[112,801,195,1031]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
A questionable occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF3FF88FDA0FDBBFCEAFDFF" box="[514,800,512,540]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eocypraea">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FDA0FDBBFD49FDF9" box="[514,643,512,540]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Eocypraea</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FD36FDBBFCDFFDF9" box="[660,789,512,540]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Eocypraea</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
cf. 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF3FF88FF32FD9AFEFEFDD8" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[144,308,545,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FF32FD9AFEFEFDD8" box="[144,308,545,573]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">E. castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF3FF88FEE1FD98FE3AFDD8" author="Stewart, R. B." box="[323,496,547,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">Stewart, 1926</bibRefCitation>
[1927]) was reported by (
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF3FF88FFD9FDFDFEBFFD85" author="Perrilliat, M. &amp; J. Avendano &amp; F. J. Vega" box="[123,373,582,609]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" pagination="41 - 51" refId="ref41174" refString="Perrilliat, M. del C., J. Avendano, and F. J. Vega. 2003. Middle Eocene cypraeoideans from the San Juan For- mation, Chiapas, southern Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geologicas 20 (1): 41 - 51, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2003">Perrilliat et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 2, figs. 39, 40) from the undif- ferentiated middle Eocene San Juan Formation, 
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFF3FF88FD1AFDD2FCD6FD66" box="[696,796,617,643]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
, southern 
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFF3FF88FF48FD37FE8FFD43" box="[234,325,652,678]" name="Mexico" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">México</collectingCountry>
. This specimen (hypotype 
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFF3FF88FD38FD36FD06FD42" box="[666,716,653,679]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">IHN</collectionCode>
5458) superficially resembles 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF3FF88FE32FD0BFDF8FD2F" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[400,562,686,716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FE32FD0BFDF8FD2F" box="[400,562,686,716]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">G. castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but poor preserva- tion prevents confirmation of its identification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF3FF88FF32FD4DFCEAFBE3" blockId="32.[112,801,195,1031]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF3FF88FF32FD4DFE41FCF4" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[144,395,757,786]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FF32FD4DFE41FCF4" box="[144,395,757,786]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Grovesia castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar morphologically to 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF3FF88FCABFD4DFF12FCD3" authorityName="Dolin and Ledon" authorityYear="2002" class="Gastropoda" family="Ovulidae" genus="Prionovolva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ganensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FCABFD4DFF12FCD3" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">G. ganensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF3FF88FF45FCA2FE33FCD6" author="Dolin, L. &amp; D. Ledon" box="[231,505,793,819]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" pagination="329 - 347" refId="ref36561" refString="Dolin, L. and D. Ledon. 2002. Nouveaux taxons et discus- sion de la systematique des genres correspondants d'Ovulidae (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda) de l'Eocene inferieur de Gan (France). Geodiversitas 24 (2): 329 - 347, figs. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2002">Dolin and Ledon, 2002</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1A, 1B) from lower Eocene (Ypresian) strata in Gan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department, 
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFF3FF88FEB9FCDBFEBBFC9F" box="[283,369,864,890]" name="France" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">France</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF3FF88FE17FCDBFD7EFC9F" authority="Dolin" authorityName="Dolin" box="[437,692,864,892]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nogrolensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FE17FCDBFDAEFC99" box="[437,612,864,892]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">G. nogrolensis</emphasis>
Dolin
</taxonomicName>
and Pa- caud (2009: pl. 5, figs. 4–7) from middle Eocene (lower Lutetian) strata in Cava Albanello di Nogarole Vicentino, Vicenza Prov., northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFF3FF88FE79FC72FDDEFC06" box="[475,532,969,995]" name="Italy" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Italy</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF3FF88FD80FC71FCEAFC01" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[546,800,968,998]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF3FF88FD80FC71FCEAFC01" box="[546,800,968,998]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Grovesia castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by having much fewer yet stronger outer lip teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>