274 lines
23 KiB
XML
274 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" ID-PMC="PMC8930920" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-10-e76050" ID-Pensoft-UUID="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" ID-PubMed="35437414" ModsDocID="1314-2828-10-e76050" checkinTime="1647039089382" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Simon, Andrew D. F., Adamczyk, Emily M., Basman, Antranig, Chu, Jackson W. F., Gartner, Heidi N., Fletcher, Karin, Gibbs, Charles J., Gibbs, Donna M., Gilmore, Scott R., Harbo, Rick M., Harris, Leslie H., Humphrey, Elaine, Lamb, Andy, Lambert, Philip, McDaniel, Neil, Scott, Jessica & Starzomski, Brian M." docDate="2022" docId="91E126BC7FAA5EC59A6B7F3C5069CAAF" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 10: e76050" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 10" docPubDate="2022-03-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" docTitle="Phoronopsis Bruguière, 1791 [ex Klein, 1734]" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" lastPageNumber="76050" masterDocId="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" masterDocTitle="Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology" masterLastPageNumber="76050" masterPageNumber="76050" pageNumber="76050" updateTime="1668121969866" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Andrew D. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-8974</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">adfsimon@imerss.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Adamczyk, Emily M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Basman, Antranig</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Chu, Jackson W. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-9446</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gartner, Heidi N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fletcher, Karin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Port Orchard 98366, Port Orchard, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Charles J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Donna M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gilmore, Scott R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>7494 Andrea Cres, Lantzville, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harbo, Rick M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harris, Leslie H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Humphrey, Elaine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lamb, Andy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lambert, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McDaniel, Neil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>McDaniel Photography, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scott, Jessica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ocean Wise, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starzomski, Brian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-10-e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91E126BC7FAA5EC59A6B7F3C5069CAAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/91E126BC7FAA5EC59A6B7F3C5069CAAF" lastPageNumber="76050" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<taxonomicName LSID="91E126BC-7FAA-5EC5-9A6B-7F3C5069CAAF" authority="Bruguière, 1791 [ex Klein, 1734]" authorityName="Bruguière, 1791 [ex Klein, 1734]" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="phylum">
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Echinodermata
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bruguière">Bruguiere</normalizedToken>
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, 1791 [ex Klein, 1734]
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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[
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">5 classes: 14 orders: 20 families: 30 genera: 41 species</emphasis>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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'
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="phylum">Echinodermata</taxonomicName>
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' is rooted in the Ancient Greek
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ἐχῖνος">ἐxῖνος</normalizedToken>
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(echīnos), meaning
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“hedgehog”">"hedgehog"</normalizedToken>
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, and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="δέρμα">δέρμα</normalizedToken>
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(derma),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“skin”">"skin"</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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||
Echinoderms are a phylum of marine invertebrates characterised by tough, spiny skin and radial symmetry, containing over 7,000 recognised species worldwide (
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Williams, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cetacean Research and Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6696482" refString="Board WoRMS Editorial World Register of Marine Species https://www.marinespecies.org 2021-01-12T00:00:00+02:00" year="2007">WoRMS Editorial Board 2021</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The phylum comprises five extant classes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Williams, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cetacean Research and Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6696482" refString="Board WoRMS Editorial World Register of Marine Species https://www.marinespecies.org 2021-01-12T00:00:00+02:00" year="2007">WoRMS Editorial Board 2021</bibRefCitation>
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), all of which are represented locally. These include
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<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Asteroidea</taxonomicName>
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(sea stars),
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<taxonomicName class="Crinoidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Crinoidea</taxonomicName>
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(crinoids),
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<taxonomicName class="Echinoidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Echinoidea</taxonomicName>
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(sea urchins and sand dollars),
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||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Holothuroidea</taxonomicName>
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||
(sea cucumbers) and
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<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Ophiuroidea</taxonomicName>
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(brittle stars). Of the 111 echinoderm species known to British Columbia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lambert, P." journalOrPublisher="Royal BC Museum and University of BC Press, Vancouver" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6747593" refString="Lambert, P., 1997. Sea cucumbers of British Columbia, Puget Sound and Southeast Alaska. Royal BC Museum and University of BC Press, Vancouver" title="Sea cucumbers of British Columbia, Puget Sound and Southeast Alaska" year="1997">Lambert 1997</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Lambert, P." journalOrPublisher="UBC Press, Vancouver" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6747601" refString="Lambert, P., 2000. Sea stars of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. UBC Press, Vancouver" title="Sea stars of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska and Puget Sound" year="2000">Lambert 2000</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Lambert, P." journalOrPublisher="Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6747609" refString="Lambert, P., Austin, W. C., 2007. Brittle stars, sea urchins and feather stars of British Columbia, southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. RBCM Handbook. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria" title="Brittle stars, sea urchins and feather stars of British Columbia, southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. RBCM Handbook" year="2007">Lambert and Austin 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), 41 species are reported for Galiano Island.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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||
Echinoderms, especially sea stars, are an ecologically important component of the marine fauna of the Northeast Pacific. The term "keystone species" was first coined by
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Paine, R. T." journalOrPublisher="American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="65 - 75" refId="B6747617" refString="Paine, R. T., 1966. Food web complexity and species diversity. American Naturalist 100 (910): 65 - 75" title="Food web complexity and species diversity" volume="100" year="1966">Paine (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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to describe the dominant influence of the predatory
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Pisaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pisaster ochraceus" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ochraceus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Pisaster ochraceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Brandt, 1835) (ochre sea star) over the structure and composition of intertidal communities. Since 2013, sea stars, such as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Pisaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pisaster ochraceus" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ochraceus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Pisaster ochraceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Actinopterygii" family="Asteriidae" genus="Pycnopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnopodia helianthoides" order="Cumacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helianthoides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Pycnopodia helianthoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Brandt, 1835) (sunflower sea star) (Fig.
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||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F6668447" captionText="Figure 18. Pycnopodia helianthoides (sunflower star) - Photograph by Karolle Wall." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/503125" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">18</figureCitation>
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), have undergone severe declines in the region due to sea star wasting syndrome and their populations have not yet recovered (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miner, C. M." journalOrPublisher="PLOS One" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination=": e 0192870" refId="B6747635" refString="Miner, C. M., Burnaford, J. L., Ambrose, R. F., Antrim, L., Bohlmann, H., Blanchette, C. A., Engle, J. M., Fradkin, S. C., Gaddam, R., Harley, C. D. G., Miner, B. G., Murray, S. N., Smith, J. R., Whitaker, S. G., Raimondi, P. T., 2018. Large-scale impacts of sea star wasting disease (SSWD) on intertidal sea stars and implications for recovery. PLOS One 13 (3): e0192870" title="Large-scale impacts of sea star wasting disease (SSWD) on intertidal sea stars and implications for recovery." volume="13" year="2018">Miner et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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||
). A recent study by
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Aquino, C. A." journalOrPublisher="Frontiers in Microbiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination=": 3278" refId="B6748154" refString="Aquino, C. A., Besemer, R. M., DeRito, C. M., Kocian, J., Porter, I. R., Raimondi, P. T., Rede, J. E., Schiebelhut, L. M., Sparks, J. P., Wares, J. P., Hewson, I., 2021. Evidence that microorganisms at the animal-water interface drive sea star wasting disease. Frontiers in Microbiology 11: 3278" title="Evidence that microorganisms at the animal-water interface drive sea star wasting disease" volume="11" year="2021">Aquino et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
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||
presents evidence indicating that sea star wasting syndrome may be the consequence of elevated microbial activities induced by high organic matter concentrations, which causes depleted oxygen conditions at the animal-water interface, such that sea stars cannot meet the respiratory oxygen demand of tissues. This phenomenon is likely exacerbated under warmer ocean conditions and anthropogenic nutrient pollution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aquino, C. A." journalOrPublisher="Frontiers in Microbiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination=": 3278" refId="B6748154" refString="Aquino, C. A., Besemer, R. M., DeRito, C. M., Kocian, J., Porter, I. R., Raimondi, P. T., Rede, J. E., Schiebelhut, L. M., Sparks, J. P., Wares, J. P., Hewson, I., 2021. Evidence that microorganisms at the animal-water interface drive sea star wasting disease. Frontiers in Microbiology 11: 3278" title="Evidence that microorganisms at the animal-water interface drive sea star wasting disease" volume="11" year="2021">Aquino et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
|
||
Under-represented echinoderms in the Galiano Island record include the holothuroids and ophiuroids. This gap is likely due to sampling bias, as many of these taxa are found at deeper depths than have been sampled locally or otherwise tend to be buried beneath rock and sediment. Gaps otherwise relate to limits in taxonomic knowledge. For example, the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Henricia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Henricia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1840 is highly variable and in need of clarification. Genetic studies are underway to sort out many suspected new species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Henricia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Henricia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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between Alaska and California, led by the efforts of Roger Clark, Doug Eernisse, Megumi Strathmann and Christopher Mah.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Ascidiacea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Leptasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptasterias hexactis" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexactis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Leptasterias hexactis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Stimpson, 1862) also belongs to a species complex (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Ascidiacea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Leptasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptasterias aequalis" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aequalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Leptasterias aequalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species complex) requiring further study. Regional accounts of echinoderms include
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kyte, M. A." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="1727 - 1741" refId="B6747655" refString="Kyte, M. A., 1969. A synopsis and key to the recent Ophiuroidea of Washington State and southern British Columbia. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 26: 1727 - 1741" title="A synopsis and key to the recent Ophiuroidea of Washington State and southern British Columbia" volume="26" year="1969">Kyte (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Kozloff, E. N." journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Press, Seattle" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662860" refString="Kozloff, E. N., 1996. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle" title="Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest" year="1996">Kozloff (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lambert, P." journalOrPublisher="Royal BC Museum and University of BC Press, Vancouver" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6747593" refString="Lambert, P., 1997. Sea cucumbers of British Columbia, Puget Sound and Southeast Alaska. Royal BC Museum and University of BC Press, Vancouver" title="Sea cucumbers of British Columbia, Puget Sound and Southeast Alaska" year="1997">Lambert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lambert, P." journalOrPublisher="UBC Press, Vancouver" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6747601" refString="Lambert, P., 2000. Sea stars of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. UBC Press, Vancouver" title="Sea stars of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska and Puget Sound" year="2000">Lambert (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lamb, A." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662869" refString="Lamb, A., Hanby, B. P., 2005. Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes. Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" title="Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes" year="2005">Lamb and Hanby (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Carlton, JT" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662886" refString="Carlton, JT, 2007. The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon" year="2007">Carlton (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lambert, P." journalOrPublisher="Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6747609" refString="Lambert, P., Austin, W. C., 2007. Brittle stars, sea urchins and feather stars of British Columbia, southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. RBCM Handbook. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria" title="Brittle stars, sea urchins and feather stars of British Columbia, southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. RBCM Handbook" year="2007">Lambert and Austin (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Harbo, R. M." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662898" refString="Harbo, R. M., 2011. Whelks to whales. Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" title="Whelks to whales" year="2011">Harbo (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lambert, P." journalOrPublisher="Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="1 - 143" refId="B6747664" refString="Lambert, P., Boutillier, J., 2011. Deep-sea Echinodermata of British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2929: 1 - 143" title="Deep-sea Echinodermata of British Columbia, Canada" volume="2929" year="2011">Lambert and Boutillier (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jensen, G. C." journalOrPublisher="MolaMarine, Bremerton" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662971" refString="Jensen, G. C., Gotshall, D. W., Miller, R. E. F., 2018. Beneath Pacific tides: subtidal invertebrates of the West Coast. MolaMarine, Bremerton" title="Beneath Pacific tides: subtidal invertebrates of the West Coast" year="2018">Jensen et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. For annotated records of echinoderms reported for Galiano Island, see supplementary materials (Suppl. material 16).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |