451 lines
45 KiB
XML
451 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528" ID-PMC="PMC7672030" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-8-e59528" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6775D987E0AD5F13AEF89EEAC131E510" ID-PubMed="33223918" ID-ZooBank="EFE32C7358114E2DB1885E9618025EFF" ModsDocID="1314-2828-8-e59528" checkinTime="1605112349318" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jantarit, Sopark, Promdam, Rueangrit & Wongkamhaeng, Koraon" docDate="2020" docId="918138159781553C9F6D94A6C2FAB706" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 8: e59528" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 8" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528" docTitle="Theosbaena loko Jantarit & Promdam & Wongkamhaeng 2020, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="6775D987E0AD5F13AEF89EEAC131E510" lastPageNumber="59528" masterDocId="6775D987E0AD5F13AEF89EEAC131E510" masterDocTitle="Theosbaena loko sp. n. a new stygobiotic microshrimp (Thermosbaenacea: Halosbaenidae) from southern Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="59528" masterPageNumber="59528" pageNumber="59528" updateTime="1668128578898" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Theosbaena loko sp. n. a new stygobiotic microshrimp (Thermosbaenacea: Halosbaenidae) from southern Thailand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jantarit, Sopark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Excellence Center for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Promdam, Rueangrit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wongkamhaeng, Koraon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7671-8869</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">koraon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>8</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>59528</mods:start>
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<mods:end>59528</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-8-e59528</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EFE32C7358114E2DB1885E9618025EFF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6775D987E0AD5F13AEF89EEAC131E510</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/918138159781553C9F6D94A6C2FAB706" lastPageNumber="59528" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
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<taxonomicName LSID="91813815-9781-553C-9F6D-94A6C2FAB706" authority="Jantarit & Promdam & Wongkamhaeng, 2020" authorityName="Jantarit & Promdam & Wongkamhaeng" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Halosbaenidae" genus="Theosbaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theosbaena loko" order="Thermosbaenacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loko" status="sp. n.">Theosbaena loko</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-10-25" collectingMethod="hand collecting" collectionCode="Crustaceans" collectorName="Koraon Wongkamhaeng" country="Thailand" latitude="7.448111" location="isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.12514" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" specimenCode="PSUZC-PK 6001 - 01 - 03" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Type status:</emphasis>
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||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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||
catalogNumber:
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||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">PSUZC-PK6001-01-03</specimenCode>
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||
; recordedBy:
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||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Koraon Wongkamhaeng</collectorName>
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||
; individualCount:
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||
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">1</specimenCount>
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||
; sex:
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||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">male</specimenType>
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; lifeStage:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">adult</specimenType>
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; preparations: Specimen was examined and dissected in 70% ethanol. All appendages were embedded in glycerine medium and mounted on a series of glass slides.;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Taxon:</emphasis>
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scientificName: Theosbaenaloko; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Thermosbaenacea; family: Halosbaenidae; genus: Theosbaena; specificEpithet: loko;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Location:</emphasis>
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country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Phatthalung; county: Thailand; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:918138159781553C9F6D94A6C2FAB706:742B697477986FA8519C7D29610FDD39" country="Thailand" latitude="7.448111" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.12514" name="isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province</location>
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; verbatimElevation:
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<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">17 meters above sea level</elevation>
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; locationRemarks: 25 Oct. 2017, dark zone of cave, by hand, leg. R. Promdam (sample # THA_SJ_PLG05); verbatimCoordinates:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.2" value="7.448111">7 26'53.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="30.5" value="100.12514">100 07'30.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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; georeferenceProtocol: label;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Identification:</emphasis>
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identifiedBy:
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||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Koraon Wongkamhaeng</determinerName>
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; dateIdentified: 2020;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Event:</emphasis>
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||
samplingProtocol:
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||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">hand collecting</collectingMethod>
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||
; eventDate:
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||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" value="2017-10-25">25/10/2017</collectingDate>
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||
;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Record Level:</emphasis>
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||
language: en; collectionCode:
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||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Crustaceans</collectionCode>
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||
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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||
</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-10-25" collectingMethod="hand collecting" collectionCode="Crustaceans" collectorName="Koraon Wongkamhaeng" country="Thailand" latitude="7.448111" location="isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.12514" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" specimenCode="PSUZC-PK 6001 - 04" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Type status:</emphasis>
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||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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||
catalogNumber:
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||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">PSUZC-PK6001-04</specimenCode>
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||
; recordedBy:
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||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Koraon Wongkamhaeng</collectorName>
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||
; individualCount:
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||
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">1</specimenCount>
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||
; sex:
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||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">male</specimenType>
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; lifeStage:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">adult</specimenType>
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; preparations: Preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Taxon:</emphasis>
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scientificName: Theosbaenaloko; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Thermosbaenacea; family: Halosbaenidae; genus: Theosbaena; specificEpithet: loko;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Location:</emphasis>
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||
country:
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||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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||
; stateProvince: Phatthalung; county: Thailand; locality:
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:918138159781553C9F6D94A6C2FAB706:A7D8058F181BDC44311F011B2D88A5DE" country="Thailand" latitude="7.448111" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.12514" name="isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province</location>
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||
; verbatimElevation:
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||
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">17 meters above sea level</elevation>
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||
; locationRemarks: 25 Oct. 2017, dark zone of cave, by hand, leg. R. Promdam (sample # THA_SJ_PLG05); verbatimCoordinates:
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||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.2" value="7.448111">7 26'53.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="30.5" value="100.12514">100 07'30.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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||
; georeferenceProtocol: label;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Identification:</emphasis>
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||
identifiedBy:
|
||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Koraon Wongkamhaeng</determinerName>
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||
; dateIdentified: 2020;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Event:</emphasis>
|
||
samplingProtocol:
|
||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">hand collecting</collectingMethod>
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||
; eventDate:
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||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" value="2017-10-25">25/10/2017</collectingDate>
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||
;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Record Level:</emphasis>
|
||
language: en; collectionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Crustaceans</collectionCode>
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||
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-10-25" collectingMethod="hand collecting" collectionCode="Crustaceans" collectorName="Koraon Wongkamhaeng" country="Thailand" latitude="7.448111" location="isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.12514" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" typeStatus="Other material">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Type status:</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Other material</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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||
recordedBy:
|
||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Koraon Wongkamhaeng</collectorName>
|
||
; individualCount:
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">6</specimenCount>
|
||
; sex:
|
||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">female</specimenType>
|
||
; lifeStage:
|
||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">adult</specimenType>
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||
; preparations: Preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Taxon:</emphasis>
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||
scientificName: Theosbaenaloko; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Thermosbaenacea; family: Halosbaenidae; genus: Theosbaena; specificEpithet: loko;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Location:</emphasis>
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||
country:
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||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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||
; stateProvince: Phatthalung; county: Thailand; locality:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:918138159781553C9F6D94A6C2FAB706:BAC24BAC3739DED796604C925F65874F" country="Thailand" latitude="7.448111" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.12514" name="isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province</location>
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; verbatimElevation:
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||
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">17 meters above sea level</elevation>
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; locationRemarks: 25 Oct. 2017, dark zone of cave, by hand, leg. R. Promdam (sample # THA_SJ_PLG05); verbatimCoordinates:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.2" value="7.448111">7 26'53.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="30.5" value="100.12514">100 07'30.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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||
; georeferenceProtocol: label;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Identification:</emphasis>
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||
identifiedBy:
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||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Koraon Wongkamhaeng</determinerName>
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||
; dateIdentified: 2020;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Event:</emphasis>
|
||
samplingProtocol:
|
||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">hand collecting</collectingMethod>
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; eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" value="2017-10-25">25/10/2017</collectingDate>
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||
;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Record Level:</emphasis>
|
||
language: en; collectionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Crustaceans</collectionCode>
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||
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Male.</emphasis>
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Body length 2.46 mm from head anterior margin to telson distal margin. Carapace reaching up to fourth pedigerous somite. Ocular scales present, broadly rounded, with longest dimension in medial third. Ocular scale 1.3x as long as broad, overlapping base of antenna I. Carapace extending to pereonite 2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
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Antenna 1 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F6198874" captionText="Figure 3. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.4 mm. A 1, antenna 1; A 2, antenna 2; GN, gnathopod; P 1, Pereopod 2; UR, uropod; T, telson. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460126" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">3</figureCitation>
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) 1.2x body length, biramous, peduncle of 3 segments, lined with setae on dorsal and ventral sides. Primary flagellum with 20 segments, each with a distoapical seta; terminal segment on each flagellum with 2 apical setae, accessory flagellum with 12 segments.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Antenna 2</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F6198874" captionText="Figure 3. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.4 mm. A 1, antenna 1; A 2, antenna 2; GN, gnathopod; P 1, Pereopod 2; UR, uropod; T, telson. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460126" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">3</figureCitation>
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) uniramous, 0.3x body length, peduncle of 5 segments, distomedian margin of segment 1 with one simple seta (type IIA1). Flagellum with 7 segments, terminal segment with 2 apical setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Labrum</emphasis>
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round, 2.0x as long as broad, smooth, distal margin with fine, short microsetae. Labrum and labium without peculiarities.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Labium</emphasis>
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deeply cleft, margined with fine setae, with cleft margined with microsetae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Mandible</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6198931" captionText="Figure 4. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.46 mm. LMD, left mandible; RMD, right mandible; MX 1, maxilla 1; MX 2, maxilla 2; MP, Maxilliped. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460127" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">4</figureCitation>
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, LMD and 4RMD) with palp of 3 segments, ratio of segments 1-3 as 1:2:1; segments 1 subtriangular and unarmed; segment 2 elongate, medially extended, naked; segments 2 subcylindrical, lateral surface, distal portion bearing 6 macrosetae; segments 3 subcylindrical, subterminal bearing a plumose seta and distal bearing 2 plumose setae. Corpus mandibula left pars incisiva 6-dentate, right pars incisiva 5-dentate; left lacinia mobilis 4-dentate; right lacinia mobilis 6-dentate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Maxilla I</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6198931" captionText="Figure 4. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.46 mm. LMD, left mandible; RMD, right mandible; MX 1, maxilla 1; MX 2, maxilla 2; MP, Maxilliped. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460127" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">4</figureCitation>
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, MX1) with coxal endite margined with a row of 5 plumose setae and 6 simple setae, respectively; basal endite with 2 rows of 6-toothed macrosetae and 3 simple setae;endopod unsegmented with one medial simple seta and apically lined with 4 plumose setae, 4x as long as proximal segment; exopod vestigial, represented by long plumose seta.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Maxilla 2</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6198931" captionText="Figure 4. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.46 mm. LMD, left mandible; RMD, right mandible; MX 1, maxilla 1; MX 2, maxilla 2; MP, Maxilliped. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460127" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">4</figureCitation>
|
||
, MX2) coxal endite medial surface lined with 19 long plumose macrosetae, distal surface with 3 plumose setae and 5 simple setae; basipod with 2 endites, proximal endite bilobed, each apex margined with 2 rows of plumidenticulate macrosetae, basipodal endite 3 apex margined with longer plumidenticulate macrosetae. Endopodite of 2-segments; proximal segment inerm; distal segment with 4 simple setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Maxilliped</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6198931" captionText="Figure 4. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.46 mm. LMD, left mandible; RMD, right mandible; MX 1, maxilla 1; MX 2, maxilla 2; MP, Maxilliped. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460127" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">4</figureCitation>
|
||
, MP) exopod reduced, longer than broad, with 2 elongate pectinate macrosetae. Endopod vestigial, represented by isolated seta. Basal endite broad, lateral margin straight, apical fifth of anterior surface and distal margin with stout pectinate spines and macrosetae; more macrosetae medially than at apex, apex with more spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Gnathopod</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F6198874" captionText="Figure 3. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.4 mm. A 1, antenna 1; A 2, antenna 2; GN, gnathopod; P 1, Pereopod 2; UR, uropod; T, telson. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460126" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">3</figureCitation>
|
||
, GN) uniramous, basoischium elongate, 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Í">I</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad, innerm. Merus subequal to basoischium. Carpus expanded distally, bearing a longitudinal row of 5 simple setae macrosetae on medial margins; each seta shorter than carpus. Propodus suboval, bearing longitudinal row of 5 simple setae on medial margin; each seta subequal to the length of propodus. Dactylus suboval, distal margin convex. Unguis formed by 3 curved spines at distolateral corner. Dactylus distomedial angle inerm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Pereopod II</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F6198874" captionText="Figure 3. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.4 mm. A 1, antenna 1; A 2, antenna 2; GN, gnathopod; P 1, Pereopod 2; UR, uropod; T, telson. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460126" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) coxa not pronounced, rounded. Exopod 0.8x length of endopod, composed of 2 segments: basal segment suboval, inerm. Segment 4-6 distal corner with plumose macrosetae. Basis subcylindrical, with one medial seta and one distal seta, 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Í">I</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide. Ischiomerus rectangular, twice as long as width, bearing one medial seta and one distal seta. Carpus subcylindrical, not expanded distally, 1.7x longer than width, bearing 2 medial and one lateral distal spiniform macrosetae. Propodus anterioposteriorly flattened, approximately 4x longer than width, medial margin bearing 2 setae and distal corner with one seta. Propodus lateral margin bearing 2 subapical macrosetae distally, each about as long as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="segment’s">segment's</normalizedToken>
|
||
width. Dactylus anterioposteriorly flattened, margins converging into truncated apex; apex half as wide as base. Dactylus apex with single elongate spine (unguis), twice as long as dactylus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Pereopods III</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6198944" captionText="Figure 5. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.46 mm. P 3, pereopod 3; P 4, pereopod 4; P 5, pereopod 5; P 6, pereopod 6; P 7, pereopod 7. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460129" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) through IV similar to that of pereopod II. Pereopod V coxa not pronounced, rounded. Exopod 0.8x length of endopod, composed of 2 segments; proximal segment subrectangular, not expanded medially, inerm. Distal segment lanceolate, submargined in long, plumose macrosetae. Basis subcylindrical, inerm, twice as long as width. Ischiomerus subcylindrical, 3x as long as width, inerm. Carpus subcylindrical, expanded distally, 1.5x longer than width, inerm. Propodus anterioposteriorly flattened, approximately 6x longer than width, medial margin bearing a longitudinal row of well-spaced, spiniform macroseta, each subequal to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="segment’s">segment's</normalizedToken>
|
||
width. Propodus lateral margin bearing 2 subapical macrosetae, each longer than
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="segment’s">segment's</normalizedToken>
|
||
width. Dactylus anterioposteriorly flattened, margins converging to a truncated apex; apex 0.7x as wide as base. Dactylus apex serrate, innerm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Pereopod VI</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6198944" captionText="Figure 5. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.46 mm. P 3, pereopod 3; P 4, pereopod 4; P 5, pereopod 5; P 6, pereopod 6; P 7, pereopod 7. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460129" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) coxa not pronounced, rounded. Exopod 0.8x length of endopod, composed of 7 segments: proximal segment suboval, medially expanded, with single macroseta at distolateral corner. Segment 2-7 subrectangular, distal corner with plumose macrosetae. Basis suboval, inerm, twice as long as width. Ischiomerus subcylindrical, 2.3x as long as width, bearing 2 medial setae. Carpus subcylindrical, not expanded distally, 1.4x longer than width, bearing 2 macrosetae medially. Propodus anterioposteriorly flattened, approximately 6x longer than width, medial margin bearing a longitudinal row of spiniform macroseta, each subequal to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="segment’s">segment's</normalizedToken>
|
||
width. Propodus lateral margin bearing 2 subapical macrosetae, each about twice as long as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="segment’s">segment's</normalizedToken>
|
||
width. Dactylus anterioposteriorly flattened, margins converging to a truncated apex; apex 0.7x as wide as base. Dactylus apex serrated, innerm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Uropod</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F6198874" captionText="Figure 3. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.4 mm. A 1, antenna 1; A 2, antenna 2; GN, gnathopod; P 1, Pereopod 2; UR, uropod; T, telson. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460126" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) Endopod ovate, one articulate, longer unsegmented than protopod; lateral margin bearing 18 cuspidate setae; distomedial margin bearing long, plumose macrosetae, equal in length to endopod; distolateral margin bearing seven elongate plumose macrosetae. Exopod 2-segmented, first segment longer than second segment; proximal segment with straight lateral margin armed with row of stout spines; medial margin convex, widest at middle, with row of plumose macrosetae; Distal segment subovate, lateral margined with elongate, plumose macrosetae; medial edge margined with stout spines, 0.8x length of segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Telson</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F6198874" captionText="Figure 3. Theosbaena loko sp. n. 2.4 mm. A 1, antenna 1; A 2, antenna 2; GN, gnathopod; P 1, Pereopod 2; UR, uropod; T, telson. All scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460126" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) longer than broad, 1.8x longer than basal broad, tapering, distally, terminal concave, anal lobes protrude beyond the terminal stretch. Left and right subterminal margin with 9 and 12 cuspidate setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Diagnosis</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jantarit & Promdam & Wongkamhaeng" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Halosbaenidae" genus="Theosbaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theosbaena loko" order="Thermosbaenacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loko">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Theosbaena loko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is the third species of the genus reported from Thailand.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jantarit & Promdam & Wongkamhaeng" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Halosbaenidae" genus="Theosbaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theosbaena loko" order="Thermosbaenacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loko">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Theosbaena loko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. can be distinguished from its congeners in having a telson 1.8x longer than its breadth, maxilla 1 palp distal segment 4x as long as proximal palpomere and a maxillopodal exopod twice as long as its basal width. It shares some characteristics with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cambodjiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="species" species="cambodjiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">T. cambodjiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having: mandibular palp segment 1:2:1 ratio 9:1.5:7/ segment 2 with 6 plumose setae; ocular scale evenly arcuate and rounded; gnathopod dactylus subrectangular, with 3 long, stout, arcuate macrosetae, each bearing a ventral membrane and uropod distal segment of the exopod and the distal margin of the endopod both bearing elongate, plumose macrosetae and endopod lateral edge is margined with a row of scaliform macrosetae. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. loko" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="species" species="loko">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">T. loko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cambodjiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="species" species="cambodjiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">T. cambodjiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of pleopod 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jantarit & Promdam & Wongkamhaeng" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Halosbaenidae" genus="Theosbaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theosbaena loko" order="Thermosbaenacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loko">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Theosbaena loko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kiatwongchai" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="species" species="kiatwongchai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">T. kiatwongchai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having: a mandibular palp segment 1:2:1 ratio 9:1.5:7/ segment 2 with 6 plumose setae (vs. palp segment 1:2:3 ratio 9:1.5:7/ segment 2 with 6 microsetae); pereopod 1-4 exopod contains more than 2 segments (vs. 2 segments); ocular scale evenly arcuate and rounded (vs. transverse); and uropod endopod lateral edge is margined with a row of scaliform macrosetae (vs. endopod medial margin is inerm, except for 2 filiform macrosetae, midway along its length). Diagnostic morphological characters and their variation for each population/species are given in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T6198963" captionText="Table 1. Diagnostic morphological characters of known Theosbaena species and their variation for each population / species (N / A indicates no information)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/87B465D88ECF27D3FA9575AE89B50D6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" tableUuid="87B465D88ECF27D3FA9575AE89B50D6A">1</tableCitation>
|
||
and the identification key of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cals & Boutin" authorityYear="1985" class="Malacostraca" family="Halosbaenidae" genus="Theosbaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theosbaena" order="Thermosbaenacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Theosbaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is provided.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jantarit & Promdam & Wongkamhaeng" authorityYear="2020" class="Malacostraca" family="Halosbaenidae" genus="Theosbaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theosbaena loko" order="Thermosbaenacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loko">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Theosbaena loko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is only known from the freshwater pool in the dark zone of Loko Cave, Khao Chaison District, Phatthalung Province. The Cave is 352 metres long. The Cave contains three pools, with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. loko" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="species" species="loko">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">T. loko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. found in all three pools, although two of the pools dry out during the dry season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Ecology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
|
||
The new species was found swimming and walking on the clay substrate of the pool in the dark zone of the Cave. The physical factors in the pool were as follows: Temperature (25.1-25.70C); conductivity (217-282
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µS">µS</normalizedToken>
|
||
); total dissolved solids (146-182 ppm); salinity (108-137 ppm); dissolved oxygen (6.0-8.2 mgO2/l); pH (7.98-8.22); turbidity (8-12 FAU); water hardness (99-150 mg/l CaCO3); and CaCO3 (70.20-85.40 mg/l). The new species co-occurs with stygobiotic isopod
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Stenasellidae" genus="Stenasellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenasellus" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Stenasellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., three species of Rotifer:
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gosse" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Eurotatoria" family="Lecanidae" genus="Lecane" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lecane bulla" order="Ploima" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="bulla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Lecane bulla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gosse, 1851);
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stokes" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Eurotatoria" family="Lecanidae" genus="Lecane" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lecane hamata" order="Ploima" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Lecane hamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Stokes, 1896);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eurotatoria" family="Lecanidae" genus="Lecane" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lecane quadridentate" order="Ploima" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="quadridentate">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Lecane quadridentate</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ehrenberg, 1830), a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Daphniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="family">Daphniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Branchiopoda" genus="Scapholeberis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scapholeberis kingi" order="Diplostraca" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kingi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Scapholeberis kingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sars, 1888) and undetermined
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Cyclopidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="family">Cyclopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, two fish species were observed:
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barbodes binotatus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Barbodes binotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Valenciennes, 1842) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tirant" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rasbora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rasbora paviana" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paviana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Rasbora paviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tirant, 1885. These fish may be potential predators of this microshrimp. The co-occurrence of stygobiotic fauna in the same area is not exceptional and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cambodjiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="species" species="cambodjiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">T. cambodjiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also reported to live in the same pool with the isopod
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boutin & Magniez" authorityYear="1985" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenasellidae" genus="Stenasellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenasellus cambodianus" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambodianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Stenasellus cambodianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Boutin & Magniez, 1985. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cambodjiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="species" species="cambodjiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">T. cambodjiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Khon Kaen, Thailand occurs with five other stygobiotic species in the same pond, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawakatsu & Mitchell" authorityYear="1989" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia deharvengi" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="deharvengi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Dugesia deharvengi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kawakatsu & Mitchell, 1989,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Yamaguchi" baseAuthorityYear="1953" class="Clitellata" family="Haplotaxidae" genus="Heterochaetella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterochaetella glandularis" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Heterochaetella glandularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Yamaguchi, 1953),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Botosaneanu & Stock" authorityYear="1989" class="Malacostraca" family="Bogidiellidae" genus="Aequigidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aequigidiella aquilifera" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Aequigidiella aquilifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Botosaneanu & Stock, 1989,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Magniez" authorityYear="1991" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenasellidae" genus="Stenasellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenasellus rigali" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rigali">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Stenasellus rigali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Magniez, 1991 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Siamoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siamoporus deharvengi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deharvengi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Siamoporus deharvengi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Spangler, 1996 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deharveng, Louis" journalOrPublisher="Chennai" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" refId="B6198601" refString="Deharveng, Louis, Bedos, Anne, 2012. Encyclopedia of Caves. Chennai" title="Encyclopedia of Caves" year="2012">Deharveng and Bedos 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). Unfortunately, there are no ecological data for
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kiatwongchai." pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="species" species="kiatwongchai.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">T. kiatwongchai.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The authors attempted to access the habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kiatwongchai" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="species" species="kiatwongchai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">T. kiatwongchai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in August 2020, but unfortunately, the cave access was dangerous and the Forest Park staff claimed that the air was unsuitable, meaning that it was impossible to undertake a fauna and habitat evaluation of the cave.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" type="conservation">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Conservation</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">
|
||
The researchers herein propose
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. loko" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" rank="species" species="loko">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">T. loko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. as an endangered species according to the
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deharveng, Louis" journalOrPublisher="Chennai" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" refId="B6198633" refString="CommitteeIUCN Standards and PetitionsGuidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committeehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf2020-09-15T00:00:00+03:00" year="2012">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
criteria. This status is proposed because its population size is small (only seven captured specimens from five observations). The new species is highly endemic to the permanent pool in the Loko Cave and the discovery considerably extends the narrow geographic occurrence of the genus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F6198846" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Theosbaena in the Oriental Region. (Left) T. cambodjiana in red circle, T. kiatwongchai in blue circle and T. loko sp. n. in green circle. (Right) Khao Chaison isolated karst system extracted from Google Earth." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e59528.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460119" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The karst hill and the Cave are surrounded by agricultural areas, such as paddy fields and rubber and orchard plantations, where agricultural practices and anthropogenic activities have significantly increased. Today the Cave has become a tourist attraction where lights and simple infrastructure inside the Cave have been introduced. The habitat is, therefore, threatened in the face of growing anthropogenic disturbance. Interestingly, this Cave has one of the richest fauna in Thailand, harbouring at least 79 species of cave fauna with many species that are unknown to science (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jantarit, S." journalOrPublisher="A final report to the Biodiversity-Based Economy Development Office (Public Organization), 200 p. (in Thai)" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" refId="B6198652" refString="Jantarit, S., Thongtip, U., Boonrotpong, S., Soisook, P., Sa-ardrit, P., Promdam, R., Mitphongchon, N, Pimsai, A., 2020. An interdisciplinary approach to evaluate geological structures, physical factors and biodiversity of cave ecosystem: a case study in tourist caves of Satun, Phatthalung and Trang province. A final report to the Biodiversity-Based Economy Development Office (Public Organization), 200 p. (in Thai)" title="An interdisciplinary approach to evaluate geological structures, physical factors and biodiversity of cave ecosystem: a case study in tourist caves of Satun, Phatthalung and Trang province." year="2020">Jantarit et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Cave also hosts Pendlebury's roundleaf bat,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chasen" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hipposideros pendleburyi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59528">Hipposideros pendleburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Chasen, 1936, which has been assessed as a vulnerable species by the IUCN. Hence, the description of this new species not only emphasises the high level of endemism in this cave, but also has implications for environmental awareness, developing policy for cave conservation strategies, together with promoting ecotourism in the areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |