241 lines
34 KiB
XML
241 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="E759133F5C200C8EBFDC54E990D2D6F1" ID-CLB-Dataset="55809" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.544.1.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e10eee5a-6c7b-4032-b456-30b6ee49f9fa" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6501330" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1651146252691" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Aké-Castillo, José Antolín" docDate="2022" docId="9133D7084032FFAD0FFEFAC3FD7BF882" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.544.1.10.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 544 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Chaetoceros heterovalvatus Proschkina-Lavrenko. This 1953" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="6D0AAF704032FFAC0F76FFBEFF96FF84" masterDocTitle="Morphology and taxonomy of Chaetoceros heterovalvatus, a rare marine diatom" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="100" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1699329330709" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="8AB5794816106CBA446423247A76E323">Morphology and taxonomy of Chaetoceros heterovalvatus, a rare marine diatom</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="55183D69751F1DBB33BC1E8F59327E5B">Aké-Castillo, José Antolín</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0FCEF03D0CCD1561DB11254563DC81CD">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F4ED66A79BA019F405CA0167B22800D6">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8620F93286CBF553EDCF5C7F1CB3DE60">2022-04-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E45BCAE7375FF58A9CEA68583B00D02D">544</mods:number>
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<treatment id="9133D7084032FFAD0FFEFAC3FD7BF882" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6502716" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194854944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6502716" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9133D7084032FFAD0FFEFAC3FD7BF882" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9133D7084032FFAD0FFEFAC3FD7BF882" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">
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<subSubSection id="518035954032FFAC0FFEFAC3FC35FA13" box="[136,931,1405,1432]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1925661E4032FFAC0FFEFAC3FC35FA13" blockId="0.[136,931,1405,1432]" box="[136,931,1405,1432]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">
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<heading id="426DD1724032FFAC0FFEFAC3FC35FA13" box="[136,931,1405,1432]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="398A41304032FFAC0FFEFAC3FC35FA13" box="[136,931,1405,1432]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">
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<treatmentCitation id="983B400F4032FFAC0FFEFAC3FCADFA1C" author="Proschkina-Lavrenko, A. I." box="[136,827,1405,1432]" page=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" year="1953">
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<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4032FFAC0FFEFAC3FCADFA1C" ID-CoL="TB55" authority="Proschkina-Lavrenko (1953: 46)" authorityName="Proschkina-Lavrenko. This" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1953" box="[136,827,1405,1432]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="heterovalvatus">
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<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4032FFAC0FFEFAC3FE50FA1C" bold="true" box="[136,454,1405,1432]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Chaetoceros heterovalvatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4032FFAC0EBBFAC3FCADFA1C" author="Proschkina-Lavrenko, A. I." box="[461,827,1405,1432]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" pagination="46 - 56" refId="ref1994" refString="Proschkina-Lavrenko, A. I. (1953) Species Chaetoceros novae et curiosae maris nigroi I. Botaniceskie Materialy Otdela Sporovyh Rastnenij Botaniceskogo Instituta Imeni V. L. Komarova Akademii Nauk SSSR 9: 46 - 56." type="journal article" year="1953">Proschkina-Lavrenko (1953: 46)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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<figureCitation id="81A17A9B4032FFAC0C34FAC3FC15FA13" box="[834,899,1405,1431]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-4" captionStartId="1.[136,243,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetId="figure-35@1.[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1-4. Chaetoceros heterovalvatus. LM fresh preparation, complete cell (1), LM fresh preparation, vaulted valve with curved setae (2), SEM vaulted valve with curved setae (3), SEM valve with divergent setae and rimoportula (arrow) (4), Scale bar 10 µm (1,2), 2 µm (3,4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6501332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6501332/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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–6
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="518035954032FFAC0FFEFA1BFABDF8C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1925661E4032FFAC0FFEFA1BFE02FA5B" blockId="0.[136,1452,1445,1503]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4032FFAC0FFEFA1BFF54FA3E" bold="true" box="[136,194,1445,1466]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Type:</emphasis>
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—
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<materialsCitation id="A9F26C434032FFAC0FADFA1BFE02FA5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3757645301" country="Ukraine" county="Bug" location="Black Sea" municipality="Dnepr" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="618D268E4032FFAC0FADFA1BFEDCFA3E" box="[219,330,1445,1466]" name="Ukraine" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">UKRAINE</collectingCountry>
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:
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<location id="1C4530C54032FFAC0E25FA1BFE23FA3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9133D7084032FFAD0FFEFAC3FD7BF882:1C4530C54032FFAC0E25FA1BFE23FA3E" box="[339,437,1445,1467]" country="Ukraine" county="Bug" municipality="Dnepr" name="Black Sea" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Black Sea</location>
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, northwest region in the river mouth of
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<collectingMunicipality id="F941FC644032FFAC0C47FA18FCFBFA3F" box="[817,877,1446,1467]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Dnepr</collectingMunicipality>
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and
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<collectingCounty id="F0441E924032FFAC0CEDFA18FC55FA3F" box="[923,963,1446,1467]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Bug</collectingCounty>
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(
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<typeStatus id="C621D8BC4032FFAC0CA6FA1BFBBDFA3F" box="[976,1067,1445,1467]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<figureCitation id="81A17A9B4032FFAC0B46FA1BFBFCFA3E" box="[1072,1130,1445,1467]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-4" captionStartId="1.[136,243,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetId="figure-35@1.[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1-4. Chaetoceros heterovalvatus. LM fresh preparation, complete cell (1), LM fresh preparation, vaulted valve with curved setae (2), SEM vaulted valve with curved setae (3), SEM valve with divergent setae and rimoportula (arrow) (4), Scale bar 10 µm (1,2), 2 µm (3,4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6501332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6501332/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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!, (10 illustrations) in Proschkina-Lavrenko 1953, p. 47)
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1925661E4032FFAC0FFEF9B1FB97F917" blockId="0.[136,1452,1551,2044]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4032FFAC0FFEF9B1FEC5F9A3" bold="true" box="[136,339,1551,1575]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">
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<collectionCode id="7F8BFEDB4032FFAC0FFEF9B1FF25F9A3" box="[136,179,1551,1575]" country="Mozambique" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13988" name="Secçáo de Botânica e Ecologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" type="Herbarium">LM</collectionCode>
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observations:
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</emphasis>
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The cells are solitary, cylindrical with 4 long setae (
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<figureCitation id="81A17A9B4032FFAC0CF4F9B1FC57F9A3" box="[898,961,1551,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-4" captionStartId="1.[136,243,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetId="figure-35@1.[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1-4. Chaetoceros heterovalvatus. LM fresh preparation, complete cell (1), LM fresh preparation, vaulted valve with curved setae (2), SEM vaulted valve with curved setae (3), SEM valve with divergent setae and rimoportula (arrow) (4), Scale bar 10 µm (1,2), 2 µm (3,4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6501332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6501332/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). The frustule is heterovalvate, with a convex valve with the setae rising from the valve margin and directed to the opposite valve with an increasing angle to the pervalvar axis (
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<figureCitation id="81A17A9B4032FFAC0FB7F9E9FE94F9EB" box="[193,258,1623,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-4" captionStartId="1.[136,243,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetId="figure-35@1.[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1-4. Chaetoceros heterovalvatus. LM fresh preparation, complete cell (1), LM fresh preparation, vaulted valve with curved setae (2), SEM vaulted valve with curved setae (3), SEM valve with divergent setae and rimoportula (arrow) (4), Scale bar 10 µm (1,2), 2 µm (3,4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6501332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6501332/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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); the other valve is flat with the setae rising from the margin of the valve and diverging. The apical axis measures 3.2–9.5 µm, and the pervalvar axis 8–12 µm. It contains several small chloroplasts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1925661E4032FFAC0FCBF921FABDF8C3" blockId="0.[136,1452,1551,2044]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4032FFAC0FCBF921FE00F933" bold="true" box="[189,406,1695,1719]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">SEM observations:</emphasis>
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Only valves were observed.
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<collectionCode id="7F8BFEDB4032FFAC0DBEF921FD4CF933" box="[712,730,1695,1719]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
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valve is vaulted with a smooth mantle with the setae rising between the valve surface and the mantle, curved downwards (
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<figureCitation id="81A17A9B4032FFAC0DBFF97DFC9DF95F" box="[713,779,1731,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-4" captionStartId="1.[136,243,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetId="figure-35@1.[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1-4. Chaetoceros heterovalvatus. LM fresh preparation, complete cell (1), LM fresh preparation, vaulted valve with curved setae (2), SEM vaulted valve with curved setae (3), SEM valve with divergent setae and rimoportula (arrow) (4), Scale bar 10 µm (1,2), 2 µm (3,4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6501332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6501332/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). The other valve is slightly convex whose transition to a wide mantle is abrupt (
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<figureCitation id="81A17A9B4032FFAC0E34F959FE12F97B" box="[322,388,1767,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-4" captionStartId="1.[136,243,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetId="figure-35@1.[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1-4. Chaetoceros heterovalvatus. LM fresh preparation, complete cell (1), LM fresh preparation, vaulted valve with curved setae (2), SEM vaulted valve with curved setae (3), SEM valve with divergent setae and rimoportula (arrow) (4), Scale bar 10 µm (1,2), 2 µm (3,4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6501332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6501332/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). At the center has a rimoportula composed by a short tube (
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<figureCitation id="81A17A9B4032FFAC0B70F959FBDEF97B" box="[1030,1096,1767,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-4" captionStartId="1.[136,243,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetId="figure-35@1.[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1-4. Chaetoceros heterovalvatus. LM fresh preparation, complete cell (1), LM fresh preparation, vaulted valve with curved setae (2), SEM vaulted valve with curved setae (3), SEM valve with divergent setae and rimoportula (arrow) (4), Scale bar 10 µm (1,2), 2 µm (3,4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6501332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6501332/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). The setae rise at the edge of the valve surface and mantle diverging perpendicularly to the valve surface. No other ornamentation was observed. The setae are cylindrical at the base and quadrangular (four sided) most of the length with conspicuous spines (
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<figureCitation id="81A17A9B4032FFAC0BCBF891FA88F8C3" box="[1213,1310,1839,1863]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-4" captionStartId="1.[136,243,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetId="figure-35@1.[340,1247,188,813]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1-4. Chaetoceros heterovalvatus. LM fresh preparation, complete cell (1), LM fresh preparation, vaulted valve with curved setae (2), SEM vaulted valve with curved setae (3), SEM valve with divergent setae and rimoportula (arrow) (4), Scale bar 10 µm (1,2), 2 µm (3,4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6501332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6501332/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="518035954032FFAC0FCBF8EDFA3CF80B" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="1925661E4032FFAC0FCBF8EDFA3CF80B" blockId="0.[136,1452,1551,2044]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">
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||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4032FFAC0FCBF8EDFEC4F8EF" bold="true" box="[189,338,1875,1899]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Distribution:</emphasis>
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||
—Black Sea (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4032FFAC0E9DF8EDFC82F8EF" author="Proschkina-Lavrenko, A. I." box="[491,788,1875,1899]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" pagination="46 - 56" refId="ref1994" refString="Proschkina-Lavrenko, A. I. (1953) Species Chaetoceros novae et curiosae maris nigroi I. Botaniceskie Materialy Otdela Sporovyh Rastnenij Botaniceskogo Instituta Imeni V. L. Komarova Akademii Nauk SSSR 9: 46 - 56." type="journal article" year="1953">Proschkina-Lavrenko 1953</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4032FFAC0C57F8EDFC43F8EF" author="Belenkova, N. I." box="[801,981,1875,1899]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" pagination="117 - 121" refId="ref1536" refString="Belenkova, N. I. (2000) Phytoplankton of the Odessa Bay and the Chadjibey estuary. Visnyk ODU 5: 117 - 121. [In Ukrainian]" type="journal article" year="2000">Belenkova 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4032FFAC0C94F8EDFBF8F8EF" author="Caraus, I." box="[994,1134,1875,1899]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 694" refId="ref1613" refString="Caraus, I. (2002) The algae of Romania. Studii si Cercetari, Universitatea Bacau, Biologie 7: 1 - 694." type="journal article" year="2002">Cărăuş 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4032FFAC0B0DF8EDFA82F8EF" author="Terenko, L. M." box="[1147,1300,1875,1899]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" pagination="622 - 631" refId="ref2209" refString="Terenko, L. M. (2005) Plankton Microalgae of the Tyligulsky Estuary. Ecological safety of the coastal and shelf zones and integrated use of shelf resources 12: 622 - 631. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="2005">Terenko 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
), Elton Lake (
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||
<collectingCountry id="618D268E4032FFAC0FF9F8C9FF4FF80B" box="[143,217,1911,1935]" name="Russia" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4032FFAC0F99F8C9FE1AF80B" author="Burkova, T. N." box="[239,396,1911,1935]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" pagination="745 - 748" refId="ref1567" refString="Burkova, T. N. (2015) Algae flora plankton river Big Smorogda with high-mineral waters (lake Elton's plain). Bulletin of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 17: 745 - 748. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="2015">Burkova 2015</bibRefCitation>
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||
), Mediterranean Sea (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4032FFAC0D03F8C9FC81F80B" author="Margalef, R." box="[629,791,1911,1935]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref1771" refString="Margalef, R. (1963) El ecosistema pelagico de un area costera del Mediterraneo occidental. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona 35: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1963">Margalef 1963</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 1969,1994), Gulf of Mexico (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4032FFAC0B2AF8C9FA35F80B" author="Ake-Castillo, J. A. & Vazquez, G." box="[1116,1443,1911,1935]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" pagination="705 - 714" refId="ref1476" refString="Ake-Castillo, J. A. & Vazquez, G. (2008) Phytoplankton variation and its relation to nutrients and allochthonous organic matter in a coastal lagoon on the Gulf of Mexico. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science 78: 705 - 714. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecss. 2008.02.012" type="journal article" year="2008">Aké-Castillo & Vázquez 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="518035954032FFAD0FCBF825FD7BF882" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="0" pageNumber="100" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1925661E4032FFAC0FCBF825FF73F878" blockId="0.[136,1452,1551,2044]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4032FFAC0FCBF825FED7F837" bold="true" box="[189,321,1947,1971]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
Range of measurements of apical axis is greater than the original description (5-8.75 µm) and range of pervalvar axis is smaller (12.5-20 µm). Direction of seta of the convex valve is at less angle comparing to the drawings of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C621D8BC4032FFAC0FD9F85AFF76F878" box="[175,224,2020,2044]" pageId="0" pageNumber="100">type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4DE536964033FFAD0FFEFCF9FF63FC22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6501332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6501332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6501332/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" startId="1.[136,243,839,861]" targetBox="[340,1247,188,813]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="1925661E4033FFAD0FFEFCF9FF63FC22" blockId="1.[136,1451,839,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0FFEFCF9FEB6FCD9" bold="true" box="[136,288,839,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">FIGURES 1-4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0E5EFCF6FDA5FCD9" authorityName="Proschkina-Lavrenko. This" authorityYear="1953" box="[296,563,840,861]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="heterovalvatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0E5EFCF6FDA5FCD9" box="[296,563,840,861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Chaetoceros heterovalvatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. LM fresh preparation, complete cell (1), LM fresh preparation, vaulted valve with curved setae (2), SEM vaulted valve with curved setae (3), SEM valve with divergent setae and rimoportula (arrow) (4), Scale bar 10 µm (1,2), 2 µm (3,4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1925661E4033FFAD0FCBFC68FAA9FB96" blockId="1.[136,1452,982,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0FCBFC68FE37FC6A" bold="true" box="[189,417,982,1006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Ecological remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Found in the dry season (April) at salinities between 10 to 32 and temperatures of 29 to 32°C with the higher cell density (8000 cell/L) at salinity of 17 and temperature of 31.9 °C. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4033FFAD0C87FC44FAAEFB96" author="Ake-Castillo, J. A. & Vazquez, G." box="[1009,1336,1018,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" pagination="705 - 714" refId="ref1476" refString="Ake-Castillo, J. A. & Vazquez, G. (2008) Phytoplankton variation and its relation to nutrients and allochthonous organic matter in a coastal lagoon on the Gulf of Mexico. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science 78: 705 - 714. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecss. 2008.02.012" type="journal article" year="2008">Aké-Castillo & Vázquez 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1925661E4033FFAD0FCBFBA0FC70FAB6" blockId="1.[136,1452,982,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">
|
||
In this study, the general structure of the frustule is shown. Heterovalvate frustule, possession of four setae and direction, and possession of many chloroplasts fits mostly with the overall diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0CCBFBFCFBE1FBDE" authorityName="Proschkina-Lavrenko. This" authorityYear="1953" box="[957,1143,1090,1114]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="heterovalvatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0CCBFBFCFBE1FBDE" box="[957,1143,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">C. heterovalvatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Variations were observed in range of sizes and in the direction of setae of the convex valve, which are not “perpendicular intensae”. Morphological data of the species is only available in the original description (Proschkina-Laverenko 1953) so, no information about variability exists. Range in size overlapped so the differences may be responses to the environmental condition or life stage of the cells. The seta of the convex valve, although not totally perpendicular to the pervalvar axis, it raises from the valve margin of the valve and curve downwards as the diagnosis indicates. Similar morphological species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0B02FB48FF72FAB6" authority="Zingone" authorityName="Zingone" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="throndsenii" variety="trisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0B02FB48FB10FA89" box="[1140,1158,1270,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0BE3FB48FA98FA8A" box="[1173,1294,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">throndsenii</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0A33FB49FA3DFA8A" box="[1349,1451,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">trisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
Zingone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this heterovalvate species has only three setae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4033FFAD0C78FAA4FC4FFAB6" author="Marino, D. & Giuffre, G. & Montresor, M. & Zingone, A." box="[782,985,1306,1330]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" pagination="317 - 326" refId="ref1865" refString="Marino, D., Giuffre, G., Montresor, M. & Zingone, A. (1991) An electron microscope investigation on Chaetoceros minimus (Levander) comb. nov. and new observations on Chaetoceros throdsenii (Marino, Montresor and Zingone) comb. nov. Diatom Research 6: 317 - 326." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Marino
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0C12FAA5FC0CFAB6" box="[868,922,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1925661E4033FFAD0FCBFA80FE85F9F2" blockId="1.[136,1452,982,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Considering the morphological characters of the frustule and number of chloroplasts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0B1EFA80FAB5FAD2" authorityName="Proschkina-Lavrenko. This" authorityYear="1953" box="[1128,1315,1342,1366]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="heterovalvatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0B1EFA80FAB5FAD2" box="[1128,1315,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">C. heterovalvatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this species belongs to the section
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0E04FADCFE77FAFE" box="[370,481,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Subconica</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4033FFAD0E9BFADCFD00FAFE" author="Sar, E. A. & Hernandez-Becerril, D. U. & Sunesen, I." box="[493,662,1378,1402]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" pagination="327 - 335" refId="ref2034" refString="Sar, E. A., Hernandez-Becerril, D. U. & Sunesen, I. (2002) A morphological study of Chaetoceros tenuissimus Meunier, a little-known planktonic diatom, with a discussion of the section Simplicia, subgenus Hyalochaete. Diatom Research 17: 327 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2002.9705552" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Sar
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0D60FADDFDD5FAFE" box="[534,579,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote the section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0C23FADCFC2CFAFE" box="[853,954,1378,1402]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Simplicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0C23FADCFC2CFAFE" box="[853,954,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Simplicia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“consists of solitary (or in pairs as cell division takes place), small, delicate (weakly silicified) species, with 1 or 2 chloroplasts and very thin setae”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4033FFAD0BB3FA38FA3DFA1A" author="De Luca, D. & Sarno, D. & Piredda, R. & Kooistra, W. H. C. F." box="[1221,1451,1414,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" pagination="106575" refId="ref1639" refString="De Luca, D., Sarno, D., Piredda, R. & Kooistra, W. H. C. F. (2019) A multigene phylogeny to infer the evolutionary history of Chaetocerotaceae (Bacillariophyta). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 140: 106575. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.106575." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
De Luca
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0A51FA39FAC8FA1A" box="[1319,1374,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0E1AFA14FE47FA46" box="[364,465,1450,1474]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Simplicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0E1AFA14FE47FA46" box="[364,465,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Simplicia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
similarly as follows “cells small and fragile, generally single or two or three together. In case of chain formation, there is no differentiation of terminal setae.” The section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0CBCFA71FB8BFA62" box="[970,1053,1487,1510]" class="Liliopsida" family="Typhaceae" genus="Minima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0CBCFA71FB8BFA62" box="[970,1053,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Minima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises species with one seta at a valve and one or two setae at the other (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4033FFAD0D5DFA4CFC94F98E" author="De Luca, D. & Sarno, D. & Piredda, R. & Kooistra, W. H. C. F." box="[555,770,1522,1546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" pagination="106575" refId="ref1639" refString="De Luca, D., Sarno, D., Piredda, R. & Kooistra, W. H. C. F. (2019) A multigene phylogeny to infer the evolutionary history of Chaetocerotaceae (Bacillariophyta). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 140: 106575. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.106575." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
De Luca
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0DFBFA4DFD2DF98E" box="[653,699,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). So, considering the number of chloroplasts, the only option for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0FFEF9A8FED2F9AA" authorityName="Proschkina-Lavrenko. This" authorityYear="1953" box="[136,324,1558,1582]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="heterovalvatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0FFEF9A8FED2F9AA" box="[136,324,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">C. heterovalvatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is to be allocated in section
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0D00F9A8FD73F9AA" box="[630,741,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Subconica</emphasis>
|
||
as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4033FFAD0C7CF9A8FBBBF9AA" author="Semina, G. I. & Sergeeva, O. M." box="[778,1069,1558,1582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" pagination="110 - 112" refId="ref2100" refString="Semina, G. I. & Sergeeva, O. M. (1982) Taxonomy and distribution of Chaetoceros subconicus Semina nom. nov. in the world ocean]. Biulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii 87: 110 - 112. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1982">Semina & Sergeeva (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B1BEF4033FFAD0B17F9A8FABCF9AA" author="Strelnikova, N. I. & Petersburg University Press, St." box="[1121,1322,1558,1582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" refId="ref2151" refString="Strelnikova, N. I. (Ed.) (2006) The diatoms of Russia and adjacent countries. Fossil and recent. Vol. II, Issue 4, Chaetocerotales (Chaetocerotaceae, Acanthocerataceae, Attheyaceae). St. Petersburg University Press, St. Petersburg, 77 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2006">Strelnikova (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did. I agree De Luca
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0F9BF985FEB2F9D6" box="[237,292,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016) not consider the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0DEAF984FCB5F9D6" box="[668,803,1594,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hyalochaete" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0DEAF984FCB5F9D6" box="[668,803,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Hyalochaete</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0B74F984FB1EF9D6" box="[1026,1160,1594,1618]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0B74F984FB1EF9D6" box="[1026,1160,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Chaetoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as they demonstrated it is paraphyletic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1925661E4033FFAD0FCBF93CFD7BF882" blockId="1.[136,1452,982,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0FCBF93CFE73F91E" authorityName="Proschkina-Lavrenko. This" authorityYear="1953" box="[189,485,1666,1690]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="heterovalvatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0FCBF93CFE73F91E" box="[189,485,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Chaetoceros heterovalvatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a rare marine diatom with preferences to low salinity. This species belongs to the section
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0FFEF918FF61F93A" box="[136,247,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Subconica</emphasis>
|
||
. The possession of one rimoportula at least at the hypovalve confirms the occurrence of this character in most of the solitary forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE9A1D9D4033FFAD0E15F974FE7FF966" box="[355,489,1738,1762]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="1" pageNumber="101" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BEEBA0C4033FFAD0E15F974FE7FF966" box="[355,489,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="101">Chaetoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The single record of the occurrence of the species in America may indicate that the species has been overlooked and it has a wide-world distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |