526 lines
51 KiB
XML
526 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1040385" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3bd7517c-522d-4aaa-b097-7bc41006546b" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1040385" approvalRequired="101" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="21" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="70" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="8" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1509562303728" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Osborn, H. F." docDate="1917" docId="90598799FF11FFB9FF5FA3A85055F9FC" docLanguage="en" docName="Osborn1916SkeletalAdaptationsABBYY14.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35" docSource="http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/1334" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Ornitholestes hermanni" docType="treatment" docVersion="44" lastPageNumber="738" masterDocId="6C60FFE1FF13FFBCFF83A22F5373FF86" masterDocTitle="Skeletal Adaptations of Ornitholestes, Struthiomimus, Tyrannosaurus" masterLastPageNumber="771" masterPageNumber="733" pageNumber="735" updateTime="1673701953601" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Skeletal Adaptations of Ornitholestes, Struthiomimus, Tyrannosaurus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Osborn, H. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>1917</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>1917-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>35</mods:number>
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<mods:start>733</mods:start>
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<mods:end>771</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1040385</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093747" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135565330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5093747" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90598799FF11FFB9FF5FA3A85055F9FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/90598799FF11FFB9FF5FA3A85055F9FC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="738" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" targetBox="[239,891,1022,2127]" targetPageId="3">
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<subSubSection box="[220,1336,391,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[220,1336,387,429]" box="[220,1336,391,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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RESTUDY OF
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[519,1139,391,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermanni">
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<emphasis box="[519,1139,391,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">ORNITHOLESTES HERMANNI</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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OSBORN.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="738" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[542,1033,481,523]" box="[542,1033,485,523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<figureCitation box="[542,783,485,523]" captionStart-0="Fig. 1" captionStart-1="Fig. 2" captionStart-2="Fig. 3" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Reconstructed skull of type of Ornitholestes hermanni, Amer. Mus. No. 619, replacing the original figure (1903). Two-thirds natural size." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Incomplete manus of Ornitholestes hermanni; Digit I is missing in this specimen. Amer. Mus. No. 587. Palmar (A) and internal (B) views, one-half natural size. After Osborn, 1903." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Composition of complete manus (B) palmar view of Ornitholestes hermanni. Amer. Mus. 587, partly restored (Digit I) from Amer. Mus. 619, type. One half natural size. Manus of Struthiomimus altus, Amer. Mus. 5339. (A), dorsal aspect; A', palmar aspect, r, radiale, i, intermedium (?) coalesced with cc, centrale. Cl, C2, p. C3 carpalia and (?) p. tendinous ossicle. One third natural size." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1040387/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3240177/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1040389/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" targetBox-0="[260,1518,778,1416]" targetBox-1="[239,891,1022,2146]" targetBox-2="[182,1447,631,1928]" targetPageId-0="1" targetPageId-1="3" targetPageId-2="4">Text-figs. 1-3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[813,1028,485,523]" captionStart="Plate XXVI" captionText="Plate XXVI. Reconstruction of the skeletons of Struthiomimus altus (left) and Ornitholestes hermanni (right). Struthiomimus 1/10, Ornitholestes 1/6 natural size, The Ornitholestes restoration replaces the original restoration by Osborn in 1903 which is very faulty. The Struthiomimus, Amer. Mus. 5339, mount has the distal end of the tail restored from Amer. Mus. 5355; dotted vertebra from Amer. Mus. 5262, In both restorations the pollex is too closely appressed to the other digits, see Fig. 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3356538/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" targetBox="[167,4845,233,3317]" targetPageId="41">Plate XXVI</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[135,1442,574,1178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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The original
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<emphasis box="[413,659,579,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">reconstruction</emphasis>
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of the skeleton (
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<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, Henry Fairfield" box="[943,1409,579,617]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. xix, Art. xii, July" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" pagination="459 - 464" part="23" refString="Osborn, Henry Fairfield. " Ornitholestes hermanni, a New Compsognathoid Dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic. " Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. xix, Art. xii, July 23, 1903, pp. 459 - 464." title="Ornitholestes hermanni, a New Compsognathoid Dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic" type="journal article" year="1903" yearSuffix="p">Osborn, 1903, fig. 1, p. 460</bibRefCitation>
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)1 is
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<emphasis box="[179,255,630,668]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">very</emphasis>
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inaccurate. It was based partly upon Marsh’s restoration of the skeleton of
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<emphasis box="[346,564,681,719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" box="[346,559,681,719]" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Anchisaurus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The cervical ribs are incorrectly restored; the presacral vertebrae, restored as twenty-eight, are certainly too numerous; the digits of the manus (
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<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, Henry Fairfield" box="[559,986,783,821]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. xix, Art. xii, July" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" pagination="459 - 464" part="23" refString="Osborn, Henry Fairfield. " Ornitholestes hermanni, a New Compsognathoid Dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic. " Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. xix, Art. xii, July 23, 1903, pp. 459 - 464." title="Ornitholestes hermanni, a New Compsognathoid Dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic" type="journal article" year="1903">Osborn, 1903, figs. 1, 2, 3</bibRefCitation>
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) are restored as spreading instead of closely appressed; the skull is incorrectly drawn.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[135,1442,574,1178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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The following characters may be pointed out in the new reconstruction shown in
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<figureCitation box="[306,524,936,974]" captionStart="Plate XXVI" captionText="Plate XXVI. Reconstruction of the skeletons of Struthiomimus altus (left) and Ornitholestes hermanni (right). Struthiomimus 1/10, Ornitholestes 1/6 natural size, The Ornitholestes restoration replaces the original restoration by Osborn in 1903 which is very faulty. The Struthiomimus, Amer. Mus. 5339, mount has the distal end of the tail restored from Amer. Mus. 5355; dotted vertebra from Amer. Mus. 5262, In both restorations the pollex is too closely appressed to the other digits, see Fig. 3. " httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3356538/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" targetBox="[167,4845,233,3317]" targetPageId="41">
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Plate
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[411,524,936,974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">XXVI</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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, which is based upon a restudy of the type specimen (
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1677354056" box="[155,521,987,1025]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&specimen_id=147302" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" specimenCode="AMNH 619">Amer. Mus. No. 619</materialsCitation>
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) supplemented by the manus of the second specimen (
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1677354053" box="[155,519,1039,1077]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&specimen_id=48677" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" specimenCode="AMNH 587">Amer. Mus. No. 587</materialsCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[135,1442,574,1178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<emphasis box="[203,505,1089,1127]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Vertebral formula.</emphasis>
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The vertebral formula is uncertain; it is estimated in comparison with that of other Theropoda as follows:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[661,1023,1222,1468]" lastBlockId="2.[1226,1413,1223,1468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<table box="[144,1412,1224,1469]" gridcols="5" gridrows="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<tr box="[144,1412,1224,1250]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" rowspan-0="1">
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<th box="[661,815,1224,1250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1903" box="[661,815,1224,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[661,815,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Ornitholestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th box="[841,1023,1224,1250]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[841,1023,1224,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[841,1023,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Struthiomimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th box="[1056,1190,1224,1250]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1056,1190,1224,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1056,1190,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Allosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th box="[1226,1412,1224,1250]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1226,1412,1224,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1226,1412,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[144,1412,1264,1300]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<th box="[144,584,1264,1300]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Cervicals</th>
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<td box="[661,815,1264,1300]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">? 9</td>
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<td box="[841,1023,1264,1300]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">10</td>
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<td box="[1056,1190,1264,1300]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">9e</td>
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<td box="[1226,1412,1264,1300]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">10-9</td>
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</tr>
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<tr box="[144,1412,1307,1342]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<th box="[144,584,1307,1342]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Thoracic dorsals</th>
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<td box="[661,815,1307,1342]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">?13</td>
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<td box="[841,1023,1307,1342]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">13</td>
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<td box="[1056,1190,1307,1342]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">14</td>
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<td box="[1226,1412,1307,1342]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">13-14</td>
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</tr>
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<tr box="[144,1412,1349,1383]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<th box="[144,584,1349,1383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Cervico-thoracics, presacrals</th>
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<td box="[661,815,1349,1383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">23e</td>
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<td box="[841,1023,1349,1383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">23</td>
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<td box="[1056,1190,1349,1383]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">23</td>
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<td box="[1226,1412,1349,1383]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">23</td>
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</tr>
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<tr box="[144,1412,1391,1427]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<th box="[144,584,1391,1427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Sacrals</th>
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<td box="[661,815,1391,1427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">4</td>
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<td box="[841,1023,1391,1427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">?5</td>
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<td box="[1056,1190,1391,1427]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">5</td>
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<td box="[1226,1412,1391,1427]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">5</td>
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</tr>
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<tr box="[144,1412,1433,1469]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" rowspan-3="1">
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<th box="[144,584,1433,1469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Caudals</th>
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<td box="[661,815,1433,1469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">?39-44</td>
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<td box="[841,1023,1433,1469]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">?40</td>
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<td box="[1226,1412,1433,1469]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">?53</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[146,1502,1522,2164]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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It will be observed that there
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<emphasis box="[766,792,1522,1560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">is</emphasis>
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a constant number of twenty-three pre-sacrals in
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<emphasis box="[399,876,1572,1610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[399,651,1572,1610]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus,</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[673,857,1572,1610]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Allosaurus</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[863,876,1572,1610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">2</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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and
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||
<emphasis box="[979,1236,1572,1610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[979,1230,1572,1610]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
</emphasis>
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||
which renders it probable that
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1903" box="[544,751,1624,1662]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[544,751,1624,1662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Ornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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also had not more than twenty-three pre-sacrals.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[146,1502,1522,2164]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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||
The boundary line between the cervical and thoracic vertebrae in the American Museum skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1903" box="[710,917,1776,1814]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[710,917,1776,1814]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Ornitholestes</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is uncertain because the two vertebrae C9 and C10 are missing, but in
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||
<emphasis box="[859,1111,1826,1864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[859,1105,1826,1864]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
</emphasis>
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in which the cervical series is complete, the boundary line is clearly indicated by the change in the character of the ribs from the fixed, coalesced condition (C10) to the movable bicipital condition (Th. 1).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[146,1502,1522,2164]" lastBlockId="3.[227,1537,326,2415]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="736" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
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||
<emphasis box="[210,304,2028,2066]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Skull.</emphasis>
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(1) Teeth: premaxillary 4, maxillary 10; crowns not so serrate or prehensile as in typical carnivorous dinosaurs. (2) Cranium with two antorbital openings, prominent premaxillaries, typical theropod
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<emphasis box="[1234,1502,2126,2164]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">arrangement</emphasis>
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||
of lachrymals,
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[521,656,326,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">frontals</emphasis>
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, postorbitals, parietals, squamosals,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[229,334,376,414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">quadratojugals</emphasis>
|
||
, opisthotics. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[616,821,376,414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">3) Dentary</emphasis>
|
||
with twelve small upright or slightly
|
||
<emphasis box="[227,378,426,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">recurved</emphasis>
|
||
teeth. (4)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[591,661,426,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">Jaw</emphasis>
|
||
with sessile coronoid process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[152,1454,2239,2395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[209,217,2239,2265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">1</emphasis>
|
||
Osborn, H. F.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[440,459,2239,2265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">“</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[459,759,2239,2265]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermanni">Ornitholestes hermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[780,795,2239,2265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">a</emphasis>
|
||
New Compsognathoid Dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[261,275,2271,2297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">”</emphasis>
|
||
Bull.
|
||
<emphasis box="[374,446,2271,2297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Amer</emphasis>
|
||
. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIX,
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,859,2271,2297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Art</emphasis>
|
||
. xii, July 23, 1903, pp. 459
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1195,1213,2271,2297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">—</emphasis>
|
||
164.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[152,1454,2239,2395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[210,219,2305,2331]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">2</emphasis>
|
||
In the National Museum series of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[673,807,2305,2331]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[673,807,2305,2331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Allosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there were found
|
||
<emphasis box="[1047,1102,2305,2331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">nine</emphasis>
|
||
cervicals, fourteen dorsals, and five sacrals; there were two
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[590,673,2338,2364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">breaks</emphasis>
|
||
in the series, but evidently the whole number was present.
|
||
<emphasis box="[154,233,2369,2395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">Letter</emphasis>
|
||
of C. W. Gilmore,
|
||
<emphasis box="[464,567,2369,2395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="735">January</emphasis>
|
||
8, 1916.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[227,1537,326,2415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">
|
||
<emphasis box="[290,441,476,514]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">Vertebrae.</emphasis>
|
||
Cervicals nine or ten in number, gently opisthocoelous; dorsals amphicoelous; caudals amphicoelous. The supposed 7th and 8th cervicals are moderately elongate, slightly
|
||
<emphasis box="[1017,1264,577,615]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">opisthocoelous</emphasis>
|
||
, with separate attachments for the capitulum of
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,859,627,665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">a</emphasis>
|
||
freely articulated rib on the anterior portion of the centrum and for the tuberculum on the broad diapophysial extension of the neural arch. The
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,1064,727,765]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">neuro-central</emphasis>
|
||
suture is faintly indicated. It appears that the cervical ribs were slender, free, and two-headed in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1903" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="736" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">Ornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[541,787,826,864]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="736" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[541,787,826,864]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">Struthiomimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are firmly coalesced with the sides of the cervical centra and arches,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[801,821,878,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">a</emphasis>
|
||
progressive character. For other details of the vertebrae see original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, Henry Fairfield" box="[991,1388,929,967]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. xix, Art. xii, July" pageId="3" pageNumber="736" pagination="459 - 464" part="23" refString="Osborn, Henry Fairfield. " Ornitholestes hermanni, a New Compsognathoid Dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic. " Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. xix, Art. xii, July 23, 1903, pp. 459 - 464." title="Ornitholestes hermanni, a New Compsognathoid Dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic" type="journal article" year="1903" yearSuffix="p">Osborn, 1903, p. 460</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Four firmly coalesced sacral ribs are suturally distinct. Caudals 39- 44e, anterior caudal ribs coalesced. The very characteristic rod-like elongation of the zygapophyses of the caudal vertebrae begins with the vertebra supposed to be C13; it reaches its maximum between C16 and C24. In these vertebrae the chevrons are depressed, elongate, bifurcated in front, with
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1342,1362,1532,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">a</emphasis>
|
||
posterior keel. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[1190,1437,1583,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="736" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1190,1437,1583,1621]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">Struthiomimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the rod-like elongation of the prezygapophyses begins with C12 and reaches the maximum in C26-C30, which are so rigidly articulated by the elongate zygapophyses and chevrons as to admit of little or no movement.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1019,1233,1984,2022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">Pelvic girdle.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1274,1343,1984,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">The</emphasis>
|
||
pelvic
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1472,1533,1984,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">girdle</emphasis>
|
||
is broadly similar in contour to that of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1195,1450,2083,2121]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[1195,1445,2083,2121]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="736" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but ilium, pubes, and ischia are suturally separate, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[980,1226,2230,2268]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="736" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[980,1226,2230,2268]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">Struthiomimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are firmly coalesced; pubes with deep symphysial union; ischia more slender, with proximal anterior processes united distally; peduncle of pubes missing in the type.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3240177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="736" startId="3.[258,302,2154,2180]" targetBox="[239,891,1022,2146]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[227,1537,326,2415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">
|
||
<emphasis box="[258,302,2154,2180]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">Fig</emphasis>
|
||
. 2.
|
||
<emphasis box="[379,522,2154,2180]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">Incomplete</emphasis>
|
||
manus
|
||
<emphasis box="[658,929,2154,2180]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="736" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermanni">
|
||
Ornitholestes
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[229,403,2187,2213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[880,929,2154,2180]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">hermanni</emphasis>
|
||
; Digit
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
I
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[447,467,2187,2213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">is</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[483,578,2187,2213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">missing</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[595,682,2187,2213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">in this</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[697,816,2187,2213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">specimen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396364330" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&specimen_id=48677" pageId="3" pageNumber="736" specimenCode="AMNH 587">
|
||
Amer.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[230,358,2220,2246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">Mus. No.</emphasis>
|
||
5
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[388,425,2220,2246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">87.</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,546,2220,2246]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">Palmar</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[563,571,2220,2246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">(</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[571,593,2220,2246]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">A</emphasis>
|
||
) and internal (B) views,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[229,803,2253,2279]" pageId="3" pageNumber="736">
|
||
one-half natural size. After
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, Henry Fairfield" box="[623,798,2253,2279]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. xix, Art. xii, July" pageId="3" pageNumber="736" pagination="459 - 464" part="23" refString="Osborn, Henry Fairfield. " Ornitholestes hermanni, a New Compsognathoid Dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic. " Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. xix, Art. xii, July 23, 1903, pp. 459 - 464." title="Ornitholestes hermanni, a New Compsognathoid Dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic" type="journal article" year="1903">Osborn, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[156,1465,319,566]" lastBlockId="4.[153,1457,2179,2418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">
|
||
<emphasis box="[219,411,325,363]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">Hind limb.</emphasis>
|
||
Femur (.207m.) and tibia (.159m.) estimated to be of unequal length, the femur being the longest bone. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[1145,1392,376,414]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1145,1392,376,414]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">Struthiomimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the tibia is more elongate, a cursorial adaptation. The pes tridactyl; median metatarsal, Mts. III (.117 m.), relatively less elongate than
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
condition of Mts. V unknown. The total length of the hind limb
|
||
<emphasis box="[1436,1465,528,566]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">is</emphasis>
|
||
.483 m., the tibio-femoral ratio is.706, which indicates that the movement of this animal was not so swift as that of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[911,1158,2232,2270]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1890" box="[1190,1436,2232,2270]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Ornithomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ornithomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which the. tibio-femoral ratio is: 1.11 (T.540-F. 480). It appears from the preserved terminal phalanges that they were
|
||
<emphasis box="[1021,1107,2331,2369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">more</emphasis>
|
||
recurved and clawlike than
|
||
<emphasis box="[325,913,2380,2418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[377,622,2380,2418]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1890" box="[651,897,2380,2418]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Ornithomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ornithomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040389/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" targetBox="[182,1447,631,1928]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[155,1460,1957,2114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">
|
||
<emphasis box="[215,259,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">Fig</emphasis>
|
||
. 3. Composition of complete manus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[776,785,1957,1983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">(</emphasis>
|
||
B
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[807,816,1957,1983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">)</emphasis>
|
||
palmar view of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1057,1351,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1057,1346,1957,1983]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermanni">Ornitholestes hermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396364302" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&specimen_id=48677" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" specimenCode="AMNH 587">Amer. Mus. 587</materialsCitation>
|
||
, partly restored
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[489,497,1991,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">(</emphasis>
|
||
Digit I
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[585,594,1991,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">)</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396364340" box="[672,877,1991,2017]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&specimen_id=147302" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" specimenCode="AMNH 619">
|
||
<emphasis box="[672,744,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">Amer</emphasis>
|
||
. Mus. 619
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, type.
|
||
<emphasis box="[986,1036,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">One</emphasis>
|
||
half natural size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[155,1460,1957,2114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">
|
||
Manus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="," authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[357,621,2024,2050]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[357,540,2024,2050]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">Struthiomimus</emphasis>
|
||
altus,
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396364348" box="[637,878,2024,2050]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&specimen_id=48105" pageId="4" pageNumber="737" specimenCode="AMNH 5339">
|
||
<emphasis box="[637,709,2024,2050]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">Amer</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[730,789,2024,2050]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">Mus</emphasis>
|
||
. 5339
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[902,911,2024,2050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">(</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[911,935,2024,2050]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">A</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[935,950,2024,2050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">),</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal aspect;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1174,1205,2024,2050]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">A'</emphasis>
|
||
, palmar aspect,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1440,1458,2024,2050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">r,</emphasis>
|
||
radiale,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[262,277,2057,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[262,271,2057,2083]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">i</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[288,452,2057,2083]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">intermedium</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[465,496,2057,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">(?)</emphasis>
|
||
coalesced with
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[702,733,2057,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">cc,</emphasis>
|
||
centrale. Cl,
|
||
<emphasis box="[936,957,2057,2083]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">C</emphasis>
|
||
2, p.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1025,1045,2057,2083]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">C</emphasis>
|
||
3 carpalia and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1257,1288,2057,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">(?)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1298,1325,2057,2083]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">p.</emphasis>
|
||
tendinous ossicle.
|
||
<emphasis box="[273,324,2088,2114]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="737">One</emphasis>
|
||
third natural size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[224,1530,299,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">
|
||
<emphasis box="[284,455,312,350]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Fore limb.</emphasis>
|
||
In the fore limb of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1903" box="[851,1059,312,350]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[851,1059,312,350]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Ornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the humerus is somewhat longer (.127 m.) than the ulno-radius, which is also the proportion observed in
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,532,412,450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[279,527,412,450]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In the figures accompanying the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[272,481,461,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermanni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,481,461,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">O. hermanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396364344" box="[509,793,463,501]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&specimen_id=48677" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" specimenCode="AMNH 587">Amer. Mus. 587</materialsCitation>
|
||
, see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[880,1099,463,501]" captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="15.[285,329,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[209,1558,883,1718]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Humerus of Struthiomimus altus and of Choloepus didactylus compared. A Crushed left humerus of S. altus, Amer. Mus. 5339. B Normal left humerus of S. altus, Amer. Mus. 5201. C Right humerus, anterior and posterior views of S. altus, Amer. Mus. 5201. D Right humerus of two-toed sloth, Choloepus didactylus, Amer. Mus. 35513, posterior view. All figures two-ninths natural size." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3356536/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Figs. 7A, 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
, p. 748) the proportions are correctly represented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[224,1530,299,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">
|
||
We observe a marked anisodactyly and lateral compression of the manus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[241,361,613,651]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="3.[258,302,2154,2180]" captionTargetBox="[239,891,1022,2146]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Incomplete manus of Ornitholestes hermanni; Digit I is missing in this specimen. Amer. Mus. No. 587. Palmar (A) and internal (B) views, one-half natural size. After Osborn, 1903. " httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3240177/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[382,444,613,651]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="4.[215,259,1957,1983]" captionTargetBox="[182,1447,631,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Composition of complete manus (B) palmar view of Ornitholestes hermanni. Amer. Mus. 587, partly restored (Digit I) from Amer. Mus. 619, type. One half natural size. Manus of Struthiomimus altus, Amer. Mus. 5339. (A), dorsal aspect; A', palmar aspect, r, radiale, i, intermedium (?) coalesced with cc, centrale. Cl, C2, p. C3 carpalia and (?) p. tendinous ossicle. One third natural size." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040389/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">3 B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mtc. II is enlarged and greatly elongate while Mtc. III is reduced and abbreviated, and Mtc. IV is vestigial; Digit I is partly known in the type as being short and somewhat divergent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1280,1505,714,752]" captionStart="Plate XXVI" captionText="Plate XXVI. Reconstruction of the skeletons of Struthiomimus altus (left) and Ornitholestes hermanni (right). Struthiomimus 1/10, Ornitholestes 1/6 natural size, The Ornitholestes restoration replaces the original restoration by Osborn in 1903 which is very faulty. The Struthiomimus, Amer. Mus. 5339, mount has the distal end of the tail restored from Amer. Mus. 5355; dotted vertebra from Amer. Mus. 5262, In both restorations the pollex is too closely appressed to the other digits, see Fig. 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3356538/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" targetBox="[167,4845,233,3317]" targetPageId="41">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1280,1371,714,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Plate</emphasis>
|
||
XXVI
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); Mtc. I and Ph. I. 2 only are preserved. This manus may, therefore, be described as functionally
|
||
<emphasis box="[616,872,814,852]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">anisotetradactyl</emphasis>
|
||
whereas that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[1153,1400,814,852]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1153,1400,814,852]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Struthiomimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is comparatively
|
||
<emphasis box="[423,614,865,903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">isotridactyl,</emphasis>
|
||
indicating a very marked difference in habit. In other words, the manus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1903" box="[687,895,916,954]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[687,895,916,954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Ornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while subraptorial is more highly reduced than that of
|
||
<emphasis box="[554,807,966,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[554,802,966,1004]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The central digits are closely appressed to each other (as in
|
||
<emphasis box="[604,860,1017,1055]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[604,848,1017,1055]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
while the claws are relatively more powerful and recurved (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[643,769,1067,1105]" captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="15.[285,329,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[209,1558,883,1718]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Humerus of Struthiomimus altus and of Choloepus didactylus compared. A Crushed left humerus of S. altus, Amer. Mus. 5339. B Normal left humerus of S. altus, Amer. Mus. 5201. C Right humerus, anterior and posterior views of S. altus, Amer. Mus. 5201. D Right humerus of two-toed sloth, Choloepus didactylus, Amer. Mus. 35513, posterior view. All figures two-ninths natural size." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3356536/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
) than in
|
||
<emphasis box="[935,1190,1067,1105]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[935,1185,1067,1105]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1903" box="[1314,1524,1067,1105]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1314,1524,1067,1105]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Ornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
manus is losing its fitness as a raptorial grasping type, it is too
|
||
<emphasis box="[1349,1450,1118,1156]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">feeble</emphasis>
|
||
and too much reduced; it represents a species adaptation to another purpose, recalling in some features the slender and greatly elongated digits of the Aye- Aye
|
||
<emphasis box="[311,520,1268,1306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[323,503,1268,1306]" class="Mammalia" family="Daubentoniidae" genus="Cheiromys" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata">Cheiromys</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[631,733,1268,1306]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="4.[215,259,1957,1983]" captionTargetBox="[182,1447,631,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Composition of complete manus (B) palmar view of Ornitholestes hermanni. Amer. Mus. 587, partly restored (Digit I) from Amer. Mus. 619, type. One half natural size. Manus of Struthiomimus altus, Amer. Mus. 5339. (A), dorsal aspect; A', palmar aspect, r, radiale, i, intermedium (?) coalesced with cc, centrale. Cl, C2, p. C3 carpalia and (?) p. tendinous ossicle. One third natural size." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040389/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[762,1250,1268,1306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1903" box="[762,974,1268,1306]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ornitholestes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[996,1244,1268,1306]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the manus associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1890" box="[503,739,1319,1357]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Ornithomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[503,739,1319,1357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Ornithomimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[768,888,1319,1357]" captionStart="Fig. 3a" captionText="Fig. 3a. (A1-A3). Genotype specimen of Ornithomimus velox Marsh. Yale Mus. 542. (A1), dorsal aspect of the type left pes, superior aspect of Metatarsals II-IV. (A2) posterior aspect (upper) and exterior aspect (lower) of metatarsals II-IV. (A3) Type tibio-tarsus, anterior, inferior, posterior aspects. (B) Portion of right manus of another individual (Yale. Mus. 548) associated by Marsh with Ornithomimus velox; (upper) metacarpals I-III as they appear in the matrix, (lower) as placed in natural position. (C) Left pes of Struthiomimus altus, genotype specimen, Amer. Mus. 5339. Anterior and exterior aspects of digits II-V. One fourth natural size. After original drawings by the present author. One-fourth natural size." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040391/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" targetBox="[146,1446,158,2154]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
Fig. 3
|
||
<emphasis box="[868,888,1319,1357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">a</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) metatarsal I is closely appressed to metatarsal II. The phalanges of the pollex are divergent and rotated inwards in the two genera first named,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1903" box="[871,1079,1419,1457]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[871,1079,1419,1457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Ornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1169,1425,1419,1457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[1169,1419,1419,1457]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[224,1530,299,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">
|
||
The fact that the central digits of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1903" box="[875,1083,1470,1508]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[875,1083,1470,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">Ornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are closely appressed and incapable of spreading laterally harmonizes with the incipient coalescence of Mtc. I and Mtc. II in
|
||
<emphasis box="[686,939,1570,1608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="738">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1916" box="[686,934,1570,1608]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Another harmony is the divergence of the phalanges of Digit I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |