258 lines
31 KiB
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258 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="23854" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.49741" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2533fb03-8305-441c-afaa-277a966e0842" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FC89C2622CA45799BF47DEC92404BBD5" ID-ZooBank="24D3ACCCAD2B47269E01908549F3E54A" ModsDocID="1860-1324-1-13" checkinTime="1582344283713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liston, Andrew, Altenhofer, Ewald, Netzberger, Romana & Prous, Marko" docDate="2020" docId="8F457FFF5AD05B6F8400054D1DDC43EA" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 67(1): 13-18" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.49741" docTitle="Tenthredo propinqua" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FC89C2622CA45799BF47DEC92404BBD5" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FC89C2622CA45799BF47DEC92404BBD5" masterDocTitle="Biology of two European Tenthredo species (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) feeding on Gentiana" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1732939554365" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="606755DFF645149EAB7E564E4ED46F8E">Biology of two European Tenthredo species (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) feeding on Gentiana</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="12E3203442097D5DE1CE8A1E41440FF5">Liston, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="08B4C13736DB40A69C2B6A5C33B3CE04">Altenhofer, Ewald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="370CF8DBF78F4D9F9E6CEE4D748BB5FE">Netzberger, Romana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A55025511A82F26CA34B0ABFFCAE2FC">Prous, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5F7CE49C90B2252892DD86472DFC9B5D">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D3C153E2C8EC731354E2C41B30CD3FC8">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3A3B2BEFC69E4EEEAE5F0DA668398E3C">67</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9B9A629F1D8D776C9E9C167408A5704B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.49741</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="621DED13A3EB8CACD36BC92E52AF4330">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D08378569E38374E5BF4483C13CD1E00" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.49741</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8F457FFF5AD05B6F8400054D1DDC43EA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162250523" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F457FFF5AD05B6F8400054D1DDC43EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F457FFF5AD05B6F8400054D1DDC43EA" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" scope_family="Tenthredinidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="11043435F5813123346595C9E0AD3A61" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0E7A0FC3EE23128E73A3CEA98562D5E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="D7BCE0ECE611BC73B9E87C13760259A8" LSID="8F457FFF-5AD0-5B6F-8400-054D1DDC43EA" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo propinqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinqua">Tenthredo propinqua</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="799C1B4B5AB27CC8963DE47028904982" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figs 3-5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="843CA760A4435A30CFBE385CF3BBE5D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="95BA4645EC0221371CCA2D0650043D0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EFE26E7D069A219B6C5AC0D797AAE212" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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A mitochondrial CO1 sequence from one larva (DEI-GISHym12639) corresponded closely (maximum divergence 0.5%) with sequences from
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<taxonomicName id="79C26F9E79571FF47438A53D3B193EA4" lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
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<emphasis id="89DD3F69272529DAB3603F56434E9CC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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imagines (DEI-GISHym20102, DEI-GISHym20103, DEI-GISHym20104, DEI-GISHym20105, DEI-GISHym17738). Nuclear sequences (NaK and POL2) are available only for the specimen sequenced here (DEI-GISHym12639). The sequenced plastid trnL-trnF region (816 bp) from the larval DNA extract confirmed
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<taxonomicName id="2482C37B21EFC4387CB4275D6162B8AB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Gentiana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gentiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7406A15657EEFF6579F2C726777CEAED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Gentiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the host. The closest (99-100% similarity) according to NCBI BLAST (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) were four species of
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<taxonomicName id="6DC2748AB005D813741ACCD483E1A013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Gentiana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gentiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F0379BBF75B50E80A7502FCA8C98DCAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Gentiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, among them
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<taxonomicName id="FD1168B49302481EA446F493FF48A456" lsidName="G. asclepiadea" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="asclepiadea">
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<emphasis id="2980FFB56DB7BA5E6627C26158825499" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G. asclepiadea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A shorter
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<taxonomicName id="4FCFC833DAEC0CF82FAA9A48CCFB5523" lsidName="G. asclepiadea" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="asclepiadea">
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<emphasis id="2887CCA8B441982BCA207C161A1A1AAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G. asclepiadea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sequence in GenBank (accession AB453085, 387 bp) was identical to our sequence, while a longer one (AJ580515) differed by three substitutions and one deletion over the length of 781 bp (because of apparently numerous sequencing errors at the 3′ end of AJ580515, 21 bp of that sequence were excluded from the comparison).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="99BEC8BD062968578CF71B303C8D4504" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="3E3A8018463C976730A3755C9181B2EC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Gentiana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gentiana asclepiadea" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asclepiadea">
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<emphasis id="FB33B9953CADB0893487486BEBF5E944" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Gentiana asclepiadea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the first recorded host plant of the hitherto unknown larva of
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<taxonomicName id="99AE09BA214D646759EFA420163F435B" lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
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<emphasis id="3D858A38314445863C695820C0FAB95C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is a close relative of
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<taxonomicName id="1D523B44F7F74BC482744DC4163DE7C5" lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
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<emphasis id="E78B49F5BBFCD4A20BF15DC75E731D63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1758. These species have long been known to strongly resemble each other in the morphology of their imagines, but they are distinguishable using some colour characters (
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<bibRefCitation id="C882608E77F61C4C94746389A09F268A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019120209" author="Enslin, E" journalOrPublisher="Korrespondenzblatt des Naturforscher-Vereins zu Riga" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B5" refString="Enslin, E, 1912. Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift [1912](Beiheft 1): 1-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019120209" title="Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift [1912] (Beiheft 1): 1 - 98." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019120209" year="1912">Enslin 1912</bibRefCitation>
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). Their larvae are also closely similar in general appearance (see the description of a
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<taxonomicName id="087579AD6CFE38F4C167759ED7D314C0" lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
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<emphasis id="6FE9CB5BCAE39E907DD767785B69C1D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larva by
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<bibRefCitation id="0BACECC394CA5EF8A0FBFD557A80F2E2" author="Lorenz, H" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 389" refId="B11" refString="Lorenz, H, Kraus, M, 1957. Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten 1: 1 - 389" title="Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea)." volume="1" year="1957">Lorenz and Kraus 1957</bibRefCitation>
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and below). However,
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<taxonomicName id="D9E578F9739AAB11DF7DF4FE157CD730" lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
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<emphasis id="A737C7E8F0431038462F4368E3E8897C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a very different host plant spectrum, which consists mainly of
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<taxonomicName id="FA709E6D91DF248509D4FC23A6B7F549" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scrophularia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="139087070893B35F92CF4E0D24C1E397" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Scrophularia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="80E66AD231CF87F87DD7AFAA1476784C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="31625270E053FFCEEA4B3E6CB4E73C11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Verbascum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species, but sometimes
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<taxonomicName id="DF345F235FB7EF20E5094CC81D7429CA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Buddleja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Buddleja" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AFF1C4AB6FA9109EA4E1457091F3464D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Buddleja</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (
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<bibRefCitation id="CDB10E459C0C78E2C98031148883C63C" author="Muche, WH" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination=": 24" refId="B14" refString="Muche, WH, 1962. Neue Wirtspflanze fuer Allantus scrophulariae L. Entomologische Nachrichten 6 (2): 24" title="Neue Wirtspflanze fuer Allantus scrophulariae L." volume="6" year="1962">Muche 1962</bibRefCitation>
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), all of which belong to the
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<taxonomicName id="8F31C2221507D199F0AB20BC0466FF65" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Scrophulariaceae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="56D026757FC909278D606AF4F1A6611C" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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Differences in the pattern of black markings may enable
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<taxonomicName id="7576AA295F450AC3F7B3D0A7C268EDCC" lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
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<emphasis id="1EFE710D90393E0D1FAAF8F838A7F0E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae to be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="9AA27862CF7B5FF5350513DAC58CBBF4" lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
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<emphasis id="AB250897D38841E8FEAE8CA6FBD19A75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but a larger number of
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<taxonomicName id="48E5CFE9BEEB6CD6D12ED75BC68B2095" lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
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<emphasis id="B30C0A3E4467441DFF1E6A50BA676E49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae should be checked, to confirm that the differences are consistent. In
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<taxonomicName id="F5AE39C76189D59B10D6AA1D9E66F995" lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
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<emphasis id="A52593986B19F0DE4305DD9A29173AC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, each of the medio-dorsal black spots on the abdominal segments occupies only the width of single annulet (Figs
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<figureCitation id="9E2895A28A024C6808492BE953C252FF" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5FA98462D581E0CE185D618F84987FE3" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4</figureCitation>
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), whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="944894ADC24AB08C96BCE2A1A0B2B330" lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
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<emphasis id="16E91934E9185152678CC63B33E69FD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, these spots occupy parts or the whole width of two annulets (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B72C57E60FB7EBC32D374FE026F17A3" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="7EF85BBBB18EA056C1F7A2870C268B1B" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The position of the corresponding spots on the thorax is, however, similar in both species. At least in the later instars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AAFA73EFF5967DC357AB6729B22B25B2" lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="468B7301B9643CFFFACFD0E0AD0E63CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, the position of these markings is thought to be stable: compare Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A345A42679E118453A3A0FFDDFAFA6F7" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6</figureCitation>
|
||
(half-grown) with Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBA33987B310AE02BD2937CD8649AF42" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7</figureCitation>
|
||
(nearly full-grown). After each moult, the integument of the larvae of both species temporarily lacks the covering of white wax and has a greenish ground colour. The head colour pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D887BAFE81D8B52635021F0622299B4" lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC8424EC04E25083D0AEBC5C7A7675DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FFA7674FD6CAA7EBE1A69A8E1C989EB4" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) is the same as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EBEF48590686E0FB310BD8148C60DA85" author="Lorenz, H" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 389" refId="B11" refString="Lorenz, H, Kraus, M, 1957. Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten 1: 1 - 389" title="Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea)." volume="1" year="1957">Lorenz and Kraus (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AE86071D9DAB3BE189603EB2724005D" lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF0088916AB06910C9F12F40DF73579" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In practice, the identity of their host plant should be sufficient to distinguish larvae of these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="117FA158808C5BBF394F6375188218EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The feeding habits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A228F8FF44B8654305C4A93E1BBAAE" genus="Tenthredo" lsidName="Tenthredo propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAA280A45E776218ACBD413EBECF5215" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tenthredo propinqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EA39FC054A581C3754518FE57FE222E" lsidName="T. atra" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0F9201CE965373867CD2111EDD55D28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e. irregularly shaped parts of the leaf-blade are consumed from the edge. But, unlike for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82CEE74B4690C8CA2F692355001A697F" lsidName="T. atra" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="55AA1C393212637DC57EC952354A36AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we did not observe feeding on the inflorescences by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19A69D905A798DB2070FA570B482C6D9" lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8763FBB2F00B66B72A88C8DFD3006C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The largest full-grown larvae are 22-25mm long, which is about the same as given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1206C37274F126AE2DCF881F4A3B655" author="Lorenz, H" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 389" refId="B11" refString="Lorenz, H, Kraus, M, 1957. Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten 1: 1 - 389" title="Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea)." volume="1" year="1957">Lorenz and Kraus (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51E67C421F1064F1C71B05B09EF23CB9" lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B872BDE077DBFCF2A63C768FE7F9B7B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="81A999C864655784F769D0E17363EB43" doi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 3–7" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E7E87940E0702412F39E3467A5381EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="967CBDF9D8D8B9217F860545A662F0FD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 3-7.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="144EA5BEE6E8849B956D5E47ADE9EDE0" genus="Tenthredo" lsidName="Tenthredo propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="CE00B82F7DEA434E90E7D7FDDE28DE90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tenthredo propinqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFDC17DF26D4CB3C6B32023F19FEB999" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" genus="Tenthredo" lsidName="scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="BF894FF0516ECB547FEFC02209716879" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">scrophulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D8CA8837216A3B297E7D2241C8FF570D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3-5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DD35B96F9508BAAA4B6649D1A2844E4" genus="Tenthredo" lsidName="Tenthredo propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="F48F1B1688D369341294AE60A20BFF2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tenthredo propinqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FC557516ADE20B2CFD1396B3ABCF67D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Gentiana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gentiana asclepiadea" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asclepiadea">
|
||
<emphasis id="CB7F5DFFCC6CE1340111E600940BEB3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Gentiana asclepiadea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet;
|
||
<emphasis id="73A221858F65FE0944F741EB749E5674" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved);
|
||
<emphasis id="6F6A8604EFC46A6B40DC481F223BDA2A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4.</emphasis>
|
||
Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019);
|
||
<emphasis id="D4CC55313C1D5D9EAA9BA7E8E1E03742" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5.</emphasis>
|
||
Head, preserved in ethanol.
|
||
<emphasis id="3226707DEE711FD41E20042943F4EDED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6, 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36D5E3D617DAD739B494316B77B4F7DF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" genus="Tenthredo" lsidName="Tenthredo scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E01B43747C50C39E01C59A3AED32A89C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tenthredo scrophulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8DB11BD4EF4E15CFE6EB860E4635E3E4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scrophularia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFDBA7F9EEAD2AD4C2865AC9039BFD77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Scrophularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part;
|
||
<emphasis id="88E17C24E743C1B00BCC3CF53A9FA29C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6.</emphasis>
|
||
Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007);
|
||
<emphasis id="FA9E0C15F976E6438C69CAC8BF463399" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7.</emphasis>
|
||
Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (
|
||
<emphasis id="1B7C76A68C74F02F9EE6AEAD5D3407F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3, 5</emphasis>
|
||
), E. Altenhofer (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A6C68335D6A42C327C0D24C0C42BF6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4</emphasis>
|
||
), H. Savina (
|
||
<emphasis id="C439CB816305CC191E1997F65308336C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6, 7</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |