372 lines
28 KiB
XML
372 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079" ID-PMC="PMC5799776" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-93-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5" ID-PubMed="29416413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1166345" ModsDocID="1314-2003-93-1" checkinTime="1516918217063" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Snow, Neil, Peterson, Paul M., Romaschenko, Konstantin & Simon, Bryan K." docDate="2018" docId="8F172FF315135C84AA15CEF4775D4DA1" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 93: 1-102" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 93" docPubDate="2018-01-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079" docTitle="Diplachne gigantea Launert, Bol. Soc. Broteriana, ser. 2 a, 47: 394. 1974." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5" masterDocTitle="Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae)" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1668142195302" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Snow, Neil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, T. M. Sperry Herbarium, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nsnow@pittstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Bryan K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Queensland Herbarium, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD 4066 Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-01-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>93</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>102</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-93-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1166345</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225447" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F172FF315135C84AA15CEF4775D4DA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F172FF315135C84AA15CEF4775D4DA1" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName LSID="8F172FF3-1513-5C84-AA15-CEF4775D4DA1" authority="Launert, Bol. Soc. Broteriana, ser. 2 a, 47: 394. 1974." authorityName="Launert, Bol. Soc. Broteriana, ser. 2 a, 47: 394. 1974." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne gigantea" order="Poales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">Diplachne gigantea Launert, Bol. Soc. Broteriana, ser. 2a, 47: 394. 1974.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A-K Diplachne gigantea Launert A habit B inflorescence C ligule D spikelet E lower glume F upper glume G lemma H palea and lodicules I ovary and stigmas J stamen K caryopsis, dorsal view (left) and lateral view (right). Drawings from McCallum Webster A 305 (K), from Zambia." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/181282" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figures 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Stem anatomy of Diplachne gigantea. Upper: Stellate aerenchyma (SA) that occupies much of the central portion of the culm (voucher: Smith 4126 [MO]). Lower: Outer portion of stem showing air canals (AC), chlorenchymatous tissue (CT), vascular bundles (VB), and sclerenchyma bands (SB) surrounding the air canals (voucher: Simon & Williamson 2025 [BM])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/181283" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">, 10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Leptochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptochloa gigantea" order="Poales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">Leptochloa gigantea</taxonomicName>
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(Launert) Cope and N. Snow, Novon 8: 79. 1998.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1958-02-27" country="ZAMBIA" location="Mbala" municipality="Saisi River" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Zambia">ZAMBIA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F172FF315135C84AA15CEF4775D4DA1:0559E41F19722A3EB0B8DA04809F6B7E" country="ZAMBIA" municipality="Saisi River" name="Mbala">Mbala</location>
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(Abercorn),
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<collectingMunicipality>Saisi River</collectingMunicipality>
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(near Jerico),
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<collectingDate value="1958-02-27">27 Feb 1958</collectingDate>
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, floodplain (in swamp) in ditch at side of embankment, LDF Vesey-Fitzgerald 1551 (
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: K!; isotype: BM!, K!)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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Plants perennial. Culms to nearly 300 cm tall, 5-10 mm wide at base, round, erect, arising from thickly rhizomatous root crowns, branching; nodes glabrous; internodes mostly 5-18 cm long, firm but spongy (aerenchymatous) in centre. Leaf sheaths usually much longer than internodes, sericeous but becoming glabrous with age, the margins ciliate; ligules to 14 mm long, membranous, attenuate but becoming lacerated; blades 30-65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-0.65 cm, linear, tightly involute on drying, glabrous to slightly scabrous above and below. Panicles 50-80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×ca">xca</normalizedToken>
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. 25 cm wide, exserted with 19-44 branches; the branches 12-18 cm long, alternate or whorled along the rachis, somewhat reflexed to ascending, flexuous, minutely scabrous, the axils scabrous to short pilose. Spikelets 8-13 mm long, distant near base of branches to imbricate at tips; florets (6-)10-15; callus glabrous; lower glumes 2.7-3.4 mm long, narrowly ovate to ovate, scabrous on midnerves, acute to obtuse; upper glumes 2.5-4.0 mm long, otherwise similar to lower glumes; lemmas 3.6-4.8 mm long, narrowly ovate to ovate, dark green, the lateral nerves faint, appearing glabrous but sparsely sericeous upon close inspection, apex acute to attenuate, awnless or with mucros to 1.3 mm long; paleas subequal to lemma, elliptic to narrowly ovate, sparsely sericeous on nerves; apex acute. Stamens 3; anthers 1.9-2.5 mm long, purple or yellow. Caryopses ca. 1.8 mm
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×ca">xca</normalizedToken>
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. 0.6 mm, elliptic in hilar side profile, depressed obovate in transverse section, hilar groove lacking, smooth but slightly uneven; pericarp apparently weakly adnate to the endosperm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1166676" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/181282" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A-K</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne gigantea" order="Poales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Diplachne gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Launert
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">B</emphasis>
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inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">C</emphasis>
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ligule
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">D</emphasis>
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spikelet
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">E</emphasis>
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lower glume
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">F</emphasis>
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upper glume
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G</emphasis>
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lemma
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">H</emphasis>
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palea and lodicules
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">I</emphasis>
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ovary and stigmas
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">J</emphasis>
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stamen
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">K</emphasis>
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caryopsis, dorsal view (left) and lateral view (right). Drawings from McCallum Webster A305 (K), from Zambia.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="leaf anatomy">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Leaf anatomy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Not studied.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="stem anatomy">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Stem anatomy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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The stellate aerenchyma of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. gigantea" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">D. gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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probably reflects adapations for its emergent growth habit in aquatic situations. A series of relatively large, elliptic air canals are subjacent to the epidermal layers (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Stem anatomy of Diplachne gigantea. Upper: Stellate aerenchyma (SA) that occupies much of the central portion of the culm (voucher: Smith 4126 [MO]). Lower: Outer portion of stem showing air canals (AC), chlorenchymatous tissue (CT), vascular bundles (VB), and sclerenchyma bands (SB) surrounding the air canals (voucher: Simon & Williamson 2025 [BM])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/181283" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">10</figureCitation>
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). Chlorenchymatous tissue is also present near the surface. Peripheral sclerenchymatous ring present and linked to outermost vascular bundles via girders. Inner sclerenchymatous ring canal tissue present. Sclerenchymatous rings surrounding vascular bundles located inside inner sclerenchymatous ring present. Kranz sheath cells present, with vascular bundles present in outer portions of sheaths; Kranz sheath cell canal tissue present. Vouchers: Simon & Williamson 2025 (BM); Smith 4126 (MO).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1166660" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/181283" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 10.</emphasis>
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Stem anatomy of
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne gigantea" order="Poales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Diplachne gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Upper: Stellate aerenchyma (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">SA</emphasis>
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) that occupies much of the central portion of the culm (voucher: Smith 4126 [MO]). Lower: Outer portion of stem showing air canals (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">AC</emphasis>
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), chlorenchymatous tissue (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">CT</emphasis>
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), vascular bundles (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">VB</emphasis>
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), and sclerenchyma bands (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">SB</emphasis>
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) surrounding the air canals (voucher: Simon & Williamson 2025 [BM]).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="chromosome number">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Flowering December through May.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="distribtution">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Distribtution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Native</emphasis>
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: A few widely scattered collections from Botswana, Tanzania and Zambia. Growing in edges of swamps and margins of slow moving rivers. Elevation 1250-1710 metres, although upper and lower ranges uncertain. (TDW: BOT, ZAM, TAN).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Non-native</emphasis>
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: See below (cultivated) in Zimbabwe.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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Data Deficient (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Bacteriology" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="B45" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1 (2nd edn). IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland & Cambridge." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1 (2 nd edn). IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland & Cambridge." year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). However, detailed localities are provided below given the evident rarity of
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne gigantea" order="Poales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Diplachne gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which apparently has not been collected since 1983. Focused attempts by the first author in January of 1996 to re-collect at the two localities of Pete Smith in the Okavango region of Botswana were unsuccessful, even after speaking with Smith regarding his knowledge of the species. To the best of the authors' knowledge, Smith is the last person to have collected the species. He knew of no vernacular name for the species in Botswana which, if it existed, might help in relocating efforts and indicated that each of the two populations
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<pageBreakToken pageId="79" pageNumber="80" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
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which he had collected were small. He confirmed, as some herbarium specimens labels and the stellate culm anatomy suggest, that the species is an emergent aquatic that can continue to grow on sandbars.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="80" pageNumber="81" start="start">More</pageBreakToken>
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specifically, on 28 and 30 January 1996 the first author hired a boat and driver at Drotskys Cabins in Botswana, located approximately 20 km south of the Namibian boarder (Caprivi Strip) and approximately 7 km southeast of the small town of Shakawe (Highway A 35). One entire day each was devoted to searching for
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. gigantea" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">D. gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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moving southeast downstream on the Okavango River and returning by the same route on the opposite bank of the river and upstream and back from the same point of departure. No individuals were seen. Although only speculative, two hypotheses concerning the evidently limited distribution in relation to its habitat merit consideration. First, the stellate aerenchyma of the culm likely contributes to a relatively soft texture, which may render it particularly palatable for large grazers such as hippopotamus (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Hippopotamidae" genus="Hippopotamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hippopotamus amphibius" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amphibius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Hippopotamus amphibius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), which are common in the Okavango Delta and which consume large quantities of food. Second, given the extensive potential habitat for
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. gigantea" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">D. gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Okavango Delta,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. gigantea" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">D. gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may occur more frequently than herbarium records suggest. However, given the paucity of collections to date, it likely is uncommon anywhere in its range.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne gigantea" order="Poales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Diplachne gigantea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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was cultivated in the early 1980s at the Lakeside National Botanic gardens in Zimbabwe (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Browning 8</emphasis>
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; A, P). Gibbs Russell et al. (1991: 118) indicate that
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. gigantea" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">D. gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected at the western edge of the Caprivi Strip in Namibia but the authors have not seen a voucher.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
In summary, the data suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne gigantea" order="Poales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Diplachne gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rare and additional knowledge of its distribution, ecology and relative abundance are critical for making a recommendation following IUCN standards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The word
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne gigantea" order="Poales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Diplachne gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the large stature of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="vernacular name">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Giant diplachne.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne gigantea" order="Poales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Diplachne gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily diagnosed from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">D. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its much taller stature at maturity, its evidently obligate and usually emergent growth in hydric habitats, the stellate aerenchyma of the culms, the absence or near-absence of lemmatal macrohairs and the relatively lax panicle branches. The collection from cultivation at the Lakeside Botanic Gardens (see below) is indicated as growing from a "dense mat at the base", presumably meaning the culms arose from short rhizomes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">The fourth author personally recalled the species as being fairly commonly locally at the time of his collection in 1983 (Simon & Williamson 2025).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1985-05-08" collectorName="Smith, In" country="Botswana" county="Ngamiland" elevation="1" latitude="-18.336666" location="Okavango River" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="21.831667" municipality="Okavango River" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Botswana">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty>Ngamiland</collectingCounty>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Okavango River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, sandbank just recovering from being inundated by high waters during the previous six weeks,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="34.25" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-18.570833">18°34.25'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="06.3" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="22.105">22°06.3'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1985-05-08">8 May 1985</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Smith</collectorName>
|
||
1387 (BRI, K, MO);
|
||
<collectorName>In</collectorName>
|
||
water
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
deep in a backwater off the mainstream of the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F172FF315135C84AA15CEF4775D4DA1:BC261302D27B08A13E524DDFA2CE7A36" country="Botswana" county="Ngamiland" latitude="-18.336666" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="21.831667" municipality="Okavango River" name="Okavango River">Okavango River</location>
|
||
among water lillies, reeds,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="20.2" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-18.336666">18°20.2'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="49.9" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="21.831667">21°49.9'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Smith</collectorName>
|
||
4126 (K, PRE, SRGH [n.v.])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Tanzania" location="Reported" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Iringa District">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F172FF315135C84AA15CEF4775D4DA1:AFA0812B54B0A4B37393C1BEEB9A6043" country="Tanzania" name="Reported" stateProvince="Iringa District">Reported</location>
|
||
but not confirmed from the
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Iringa">Iringa District</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4108540" author="Phillips, SM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="267 - 270" refId="B75" refString="Phillips, SM, 1974. Studies in the Gramineae. XXXV. Kew Bulletin 29: 267 - 270, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4108540" title="Studies in the Gramineae. XXXV." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4108540" volume="29" year="1974">Phillips 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1969-12-25" collectorName="McCallen Webster A, Simon, Williamson" country="Zambia" county="Kabompo" elevation="1250" location="Customs" municipality="Bog" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty>Kabompo</collectingCounty>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Bog</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
by river 100 yards from
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F172FF315135C84AA15CEF4775D4DA1:A31D92D27A364097DBC89671AE4433D0" country="Zambia" county="Kabompo" municipality="Bog" name="Customs">Customs</location>
|
||
point [near the Tanzanian border],
|
||
<collectorName>McCallen Webster A</collectorName>
|
||
305 (BM, K).
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F172FF315135C84AA15CEF4775D4DA1:48F94B4178E4C87BA8E4EE62D01E4697" country="Zambia" county="Kabompo" municipality="Bog" name="Mbala">Mbala</location>
|
||
(Abercorn):
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Mwinilunga on Kabompo Rd.">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1265408" unit="mi" value="70.0">70 mi.</quantity>
|
||
S of Mwinilunga on Kabompo Rd.
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, rooted in water, +/- 1250 metres elev. (ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24968" unit="ft" value="4100.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24968" unit="ft" value="4100.0">4,100 ft</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingDate value="1969-12-25">25 Dec 1969</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Simon</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Williamson</collectorName>
|
||
2025 (K, BM, SGRH [n.v.])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Zimbabwe" location="Lakside Botanic Gardens" municipality="Cultivated" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Cultivated</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
at
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F172FF315135C84AA15CEF4775D4DA1:229A559D21AADD05C8C6D7C6D8F97729" country="Zimbabwe" municipality="Cultivated" name="Lakside Botanic Gardens">Lakside Botanic Gardens</location>
|
||
in 1983 from an unknown source, Browning 8 (A, P [P06795263]!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |