plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/8E/73/C3/8E73C371FFBBFFE20C35FF27FCB79368.xml

829 lines
101 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="876C92B62610CAE8409FCCA411B38D5B" ID-DOI="10.1590/S1679-62252012000300003" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10476379" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1702527135820" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ballen, Gustavo A. &amp; Vari, Richard P." docDate="2012" docId="8E73C371FFBBFFE20C35FF27FCB79368" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.2012.10.3.499-518.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 10 (3)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252012000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Dolichancistrus Isbrucker 1980" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="504" masterDocId="724ABB09FFB9FFE70D20FF97FFB29041" masterDocTitle="Review of the Andean armored catfishes of the genus Dolichancistrus Isbrücker (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="518" masterPageNumber="499" pageNumber="501" updateTime="1734028423140" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="F3D5FF955A1F4BA334B45A79AF4DE1B6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="755E75DE6066AF3D2D7E7F94754F7EB8">
<mods:title id="B8986F27060EE911AE1E2A440025336A">Review of the Andean armored catfishes of the genus Dolichancistrus Isbrücker (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D9D7587647F07AC57DC85B29D07EF871" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5918047975E5F648D325732247D9FD1E">
<mods:roleTerm id="C26D6E967A3FCE19AB6C21AB682A41D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4F08AEE258EA69CEB251BD53F7A78280">Ballen, Gustavo A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E5155AEF7172E28B197CDE40CD8B1DE6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B7C469827C6FCF5A0DB051100DF3AEF1">
<mods:roleTerm id="CC2E919D1205D5956ED43E990424DD3B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D30B077EC47C45DE0F6FB33D1BE18275">Vari, Richard P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1A4C6C707F27EA41076E86E3339FA26F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D522C09AE70F4E91952304CE22BCDBE5" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="9BF9281DF02538129EE798D6D808E854">
<mods:title id="D1735F3BB6EFB5FE26CC35C6E641796B">Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8C6DCB50F3E8307EE93B1EE4AD5942F4">
<mods:date id="C29930CF0B16201CEE863CDD90A8483C">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B23438A4CF86A3DA0EB02C9AD353944E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F4E519928FAC005D45F9C4CAC5965C9B">2012-09-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="38CEEC7EE4E72EDC3FFCE512E6B82DD4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="58566CBD0D9506D1AE69003280D52B19">10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="6C3F27CB4E813992D799F89C0CCC97B8" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7F036A16F5984B454894953C5DE9DC25">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="BB9488A51D25F0EABD500A7C2E34F6F2" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4CFA81E63C12BF62212CD1C0256ED2D2">499</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A75E51D8E4DEE3B000F84FD6DE224B0F">518</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="9E94C055D248B0D8E713992BBD58BFE8">
<mods:url id="811DE24D85EB2C1FE167F8B7AAD8FCC6">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252012000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="6A3D011E4A42648AE049BCF3D8FCDA3E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="20A41D5C5EC84EE8B4983446D482764E" type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252012000300003</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="22AFCCBC724113BB3289B0C005F0154C" type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F469C4FC544938CA6608E119A75DBE75" type="Zenodo-Dep">10476379</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="8E73C371FFBBFFE20C35FF27FCB79368" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E73C371FFBBFFE20C35FF27FCB79368" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E73C371FFBBFFE20C35FF27FCB79368" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">
<subSubSection id="4EC021ECFFBBFFE50C35FF27FDCF9089" box="[277,637,176,201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="06657267FFBBFFE50C35FF27FDCF9089" blockId="2.[277,637,176,201]" box="[277,637,176,201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">
<heading id="5D2DC50BFFBBFFE50C35FF27FDCF9089" box="[277,637,176,201]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50C35FF27FDCF9089" ID-CoL="62R6K" ID-ENA="1633167" authority="Isbrucker, 1980" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[277,637,176,201]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C35FF27FDCF9089" bold="true" box="[277,637,176,201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C35FF27FE749089" bold="true" box="[277,454,176,200]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBBFFE50CECFF26FDCF9089" author="Isbrucker, I. J. H." box="[460,637,176,201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref17121" refString="Isbrucker, I. J. H. 1980. Classification and catalogue of the mailed Loricariidae (Pisces, Siluriformes). Verslagen en Technische Gegevens, Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 22: 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1980">Isbrücker, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EC021ECFFBBFFE50DA8FF66FD9D9128" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="06657267FFBBFFE50DA8FF66FD9D9128" blockId="2.[136,779,241,361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26CA5549FFBBFFE50DA8FF66FDFD9148" box="[136,591,241,265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">
<treatmentCitation id="877B5476FFBBFFE50DA8FF66FDFD9148" author="Isbrucker, I. J. H." box="[136,591,241,265]" page="47" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" year="1980">
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50DA8FF66FDFD9148" ID-CoL="62R6K" authority="Isbrucker, 1980: 47" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1980" box="[136,591,241,265]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DA8FF66FEFE9148" box="[136,332,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBBFFE50C79FF66FDFD9148" author="Isbrucker, I. J. H." box="[345,591,241,265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref17121" refString="Isbrucker, I. J. H. 1980. Classification and catalogue of the mailed Loricariidae (Pisces, Siluriformes). Verslagen en Technische Gegevens, Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 22: 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1980">Isbrücker, 1980: 47</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
[
<typeStatus id="D961CCC5FFBBFFE50F44FF66FD299148" box="[612,667,241,265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50D8EFE86FD049168" ID-CoL="4NK94" authority="Eigenmann, 1918" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1918" box="[174,694,273,297]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pediculatus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50D8EFE86FE509168" box="[174,482,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Pseudancistrus pediculatus</emphasis>
Eigenmann, 1918
</taxonomicName>
; herein subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50C92FEA6FF549128" ID-CoL="DN3B" authority="Steindachner, 1911" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1911" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuesslii">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C92FEA6FDDD9108" box="[434,623,305,329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Ancistrus fuesslii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBBFFE50F58FEA6FF549128" author="Steindachner, F." pageId="2" pageNumber="501" pagination="369 - 376" refId="ref18351" refString="Steindachner, F. 1911. Uber einige neue und seltene sudamerikanische Susswasserfische. Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe, 48: 369 - 376." type="journal article" year="1911">Steindachner, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="D961CCC5FFBBFFE50DCEFEC6FE919128" box="[238,291,337,361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Type</typeStatus>
by original designation].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EC021ECFFBBFFE50DA8FE07FBF79248" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="06657267FFBBFFE50DA8FE07FBF79248" blockId="2.[136,779,400,1961]" lastBlockId="2.[816,1460,177,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DA8FE07FF4C91E9" bold="true" box="[136,254,400,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50C23FE06FE0291E8" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[259,432,401,425]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C23FE06FE0291E8" box="[259,432,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of the
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50F5CFE06FCB891E8" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1846" box="[636,778,401,425]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50F5CFE06FCB891E8" box="[636,778,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Chaetostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DF7FE26FEA19189" box="[215,275,433,456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBBFFE50C38FE26FE6D9188" author="Armbruster, J. W." box="[280,479,433,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref15991" refString="Armbruster, J. W. 2004 a. Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Armbruster 2004a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBBFFE50CC9FE26FD929188" author="Armbruster, J. W." box="[489,544,433,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref16069" refString="Armbruster, J. W. 2008. The genus Pecklotia with the description of two new species and a reanalysis of the phylogeny of the genera of the Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Zootaxa, 1822: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
) differentiated in that group from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50C37FE46FD0791A8" authority="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityName="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityYear="1916" box="[279,693,465,489]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C37FE46FE7291A9" box="[279,448,465,488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Leptoancistrus</emphasis>
Meek &amp; Hildebrand
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of the adipose and anal fins (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50F3BFE66FD8A9249" box="[539,568,497,520]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
the absence of both fins); from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50C38FD86FE659268" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[280,471,529,553]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C38FD86FE659268" box="[280,471,529,553]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Cordylancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50F39FD86FEE89208" authority="(sensu Armbruster, 2004 a)" baseAuthorityName="sensu Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50F39FD86FD019268" box="[537,691,529,553]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Chaetostoma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50FEAFD86FCB99269" box="[714,779,529,552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBBFFE50DA8FDA6FEE19208" author="Armbruster, J. W." box="[136,339,561,585]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref15991" refString="Armbruster, J. W. 2004 a. Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Armbruster, 2004a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of pectoral-fin spines in mature males longer than those in adult females and immatures of both sexes (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C05FDE6FEF092C9" box="[293,322,625,648]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
the pectoral spines of equal length in both sexes); and from the species of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50CC5FD06FDC192E8" baseAuthorityName="sensu Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[485,627,657,681]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50CC5FD06FDC192E8" box="[485,627,657,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Chaetostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except for
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50FD2FD06FE379288" authority="(Fowler)" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1943" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyrhynchus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50FD2FD06FE939288" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">C. platyrhynchus</emphasis>
(Fowler)
</taxonomicName>
in having a plated snout (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50FB8FD26FD079289" box="[664,693,689,712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
naked).
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50DA8FD46FE8792A8" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[136,309,721,745]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DA8FD46FE8792A8" box="[136,309,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50CE2FD46FD5D92A8" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[450,751,721,745]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyrhynchus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50CE2FD46FD5D92A8" box="[450,751,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Chaetostoma platyrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the hyperthrophied cheek odontodes evertible to more than 90º (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DD1FC86FEBC9369" box="[241,270,785,808]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
evertible only to approximately 30-40º) and in bearing hyperthrophied cheek odontodes that are distally recurved (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DD9FCC6FEA49329" box="[249,278,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
odontodes straight along their entire length). More broadly within the
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50C92FCE6FD9593C8" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[434,551,881,905]" family="Loricariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Ancistrini">Ancistrini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50F17FCE6FD5E93C8" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[567,748,881,905]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50F17FCE6FD5E93C8" box="[567,748,881,905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is externally distinguishable from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50CFFFC06FCB493E8" authority="Spix &amp; Agassiz" authorityName="Spix &amp; Agassiz" box="[479,774,913,937]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Acanthicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50CFFFC06FDE593E8" box="[479,599,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Acanthicus</emphasis>
Spix &amp; Agassiz
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50DA8FC26FDF59388" authority="Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" authorityName="Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" authorityYear="1989" box="[136,583,945,969]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leporacanthicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DA8FC26FEFB9388" box="[136,329,945,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Leporacanthicus</emphasis>
Isbrücker &amp; Nijssen
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50F78FC26FF5C93A8" authority="Isbrucker" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" family="Loricariidae" genus="Megalancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50F78FC26FCB99388" box="[600,779,945,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Megalancistrus</emphasis>
Isbrücker
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50C0AFC46FD8D93A8" authority="Bleeker" authorityName="Bleeker" box="[298,575,977,1001]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudacanthicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C0AFC46FE5393A8" box="[298,481,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Pseudacanthicus</emphasis>
Bleeker
</taxonomicName>
in the absence of keeled plates on the lateral surface of the body
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50F9FFC66FD6F9449" box="[703,733,1009,1032]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
the presence of keeled plates); from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50CC4FB86FD359469" authority="Kner" authorityName="Kner. Fowler" authorityYear="1942" box="[484,647,1041,1064]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50CC4FB86FDF89469" box="[484,586,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Ancistrus</emphasis>
Kner
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50FB1FB86FE849408" authority="Rapp Py-Daniel" authorityName="Rapp Py-Daniel" authorityYear="1985" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dekeyseria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50FB1FB86FCB89468" box="[657,778,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Dekeyseria</emphasis>
Rapp Py-Daniel
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50C1FFBA6FDAF9408" authority="Regan" authorityName="Regan" box="[319,541,1073,1097]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lasiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C1FFBA6FE639409" box="[319,465,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Lasiancistrus</emphasis>
Regan
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50F07FBA6FCB49408" authority="Eigenmann" authorityName="Eigenmann" box="[551,774,1073,1097]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50F07FBA6FD369408" box="[551,644,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Lithoxus</emphasis>
Eigenmann
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50DA8FBC6FD7F9428" authority="Ferraris, Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" authorityName="Ferraris, Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" authorityYear="1986" box="[136,717,1105,1129]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neblinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DA8FBC6FE829428" box="[136,304,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Neblinichthys</emphasis>
Ferraris, Isbrücker &amp; Nijssen
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50DA8FBE6FDB594C8" authority="Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" authorityName="Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" box="[136,519,1137,1161]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudolithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DA8FBE6FE9E94C8" box="[136,300,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Pseudolithoxus</emphasis>
Isbrücker &amp; Nijssen
</taxonomicName>
in possessing five series of plates on the caudal peduncle (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50CCDFB06FDB894E9" box="[493,522,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
three series of plates on the caudal peduncle); from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50C96FB26FCB49488" authority="Rapp Py-Daniel" authorityName="Rapp Py-Daniel" authorityYear="1989" box="[438,774,1201,1225]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Baryancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C96FB26FDFC9489" box="[438,590,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Baryancistrus</emphasis>
Rapp Py-Daniel
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50DA8FB46FE3394A8" authority="Bleeker" authorityName="Bleeker" box="[136,385,1233,1257]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Parancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DA8FB46FEA994A9" box="[136,283,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Parancistrus</emphasis>
Bleeker
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50CE5FB46FF459548" authority="Nijssen &amp; Isbrucker" authorityName="Nijssen &amp; Isbrucker" authorityYear="1987" family="Loricariidae" genus="Spectracanthicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50CE5FB46FD3B94A8" box="[453,649,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Spectracanthicus</emphasis>
Nijssen &amp; Isbrücker
</taxonomicName>
by having the dorsal-fin membrane on the posteriormost dorsal-fin ray extending along the dorsal margin of the body for only a short distance (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50F37FAA6FD879509" box="[535,565,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
an enlarged portion of the membrane extending from the fin posteriorly to the preadipose plate); from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50CAEFAE6FCB995C8" authority="Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" authorityName="Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" box="[398,779,1393,1417]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Exastilithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50CAEFAE6FD9595C8" box="[398,551,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Exastilithoxus</emphasis>
Isbrücker &amp; Nijssen
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of fimbriae on the margin of the mouth (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50FCDFA06FCB995E9" box="[749,779,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
with lips bearing fimbriae); from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50CC7FA26FF6B95A8" authority="Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" authorityName="Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" authorityYear="1989" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hopliancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50CC7FA26FD349588" box="[487,646,1457,1481]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Hopliancistrus</emphasis>
Isbrücker &amp; Nijssen
</taxonomicName>
by having long cheek odontodes that are straight for most of their length and recurve only distally (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50F4FFA66FD3E9649" box="[623,652,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
short cheek odontodes which are strongly recurved from the base to the tip); from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50C37F9A6FD7D9608" authority="Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" authorityName="Isbrucker &amp; Nijssen" authorityYear="1991" box="[279,719,1585,1609]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C37F9A6FE0B9609" box="[279,441,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Hypancistrus</emphasis>
Isbrücker &amp; Nijssen
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50DA8F9C6FDA69628" authority="Lujan &amp; Armbruster" authorityName="Lujan &amp; Armbruster" authorityYear="2011" box="[136,532,1617,1641]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Micracanthicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DA8F9C6FE839628" box="[136,305,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Micracanthicus</emphasis>
Lujan &amp; Armbruster
</taxonomicName>
by having the teeth on the dentary and premaxilla of approximately the same length (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DB1F906FF1C96E9" box="[145,174,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
dentary teeth longer than those on the premaxilla); from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50DA8F926FD919688" authority="Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann" box="[136,547,1713,1737]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Panaque" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DA8F926FF5E9689" box="[136,236,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Panaque</emphasis>
Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of elongate, distally-recurved, and slender-cusped teeth on the jaws (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DEBF966FF5A9749" box="[203,232,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
strong, spoon-shaped teeth at least in adults) and premaxillae positioned in an approximately straight line (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50FCDF886FCB19769" box="[749,771,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs</emphasis>
. an angle between the premaxillae about 30°); from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50DA8F8C6FD939728" authority="Armbruster &amp; Taphorn" authorityName="Armbruster &amp; Taphorn" authorityYear="2011" box="[136,545,1873,1897]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Paulasquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50DA8F8C6FEAE9728" box="[136,284,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Paulasquama</emphasis>
Armbruster &amp; Taphorn
</taxonomicName>
by having the plates on the snout and the dorsal series of lateral body plates well developed (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50C24F806FEA897E9" box="[260,282,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs</emphasis>
. weakly developed) and in having the pectoral-fin spine always reaching at least to the insertion of the pelvic fin at least in males (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE5092DFF46FB9990A9" box="[1037,1067,209,232]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
never reaching the pelvic insertion); and from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50EBFFF66FA8B9148" authority="Lujan &amp; Armbruster" authorityName="Lujan &amp; Armbruster" authorityYear="2011" box="[927,1337,241,265]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Soromonichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50EBFFF66FBFE9148" box="[927,1100,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Soromonichthys</emphasis>
Lujan &amp; Armbruster
</taxonomicName>
in bearing plates over all of the snout (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50977FE86FBDF9169" box="[1111,1133,273,296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs</emphasis>
. snout without plates along on its margins and along the midline). Notwithstanding the uncertainty about the diagnosability of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50826FEC6FA1E9129" authorityName="Bleeker in Bleeker" authorityYear="1862" box="[1286,1452,337,360]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50826FEC6FA1E9129" box="[1286,1452,337,360]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Hemiancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50E10FEE6FC2491C8" box="[816,918,369,393]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Peckoltia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50E10FEE6FC2491C8" box="[816,918,369,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Peckoltia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50EF7FEE6FBCE91C8" box="[983,1148,369,393]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50EF7FEE6FBCE91C8" box="[983,1148,369,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Pseudancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBBFFE509ADFEE6FAD291C8" author="Armbruster, J. W." box="[1165,1376,369,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref16032" refString="Armbruster, J. W. 2004 b. Pseudancistrus sidereus, a new species from southern Venezuela (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with a redescription of Pseudancistrus. Zootaxa, 628: 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2004">Armbruster, 2004b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBBFFE5084DFEE6FA1591C8" author="Armbruster, J. W." box="[1389,1447,369,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref16069" refString="Armbruster, J. W. 2008. The genus Pecklotia with the description of two new species and a reanalysis of the phylogeny of the genera of the Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Zootaxa, 1822: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50E10FE06FC6F91E8" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[816,989,401,425]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50E10FE06FC6F91E8" box="[816,989,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is separable from those genera as currently recognized in having the medial hyperthrophied cheek odontodes thicker than the outer odontodes (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50860FE46FAEC91A9" box="[1344,1374,465,488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">vs.</emphasis>
all the odontodes equally thick).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EC021ECFFBBFFE40E10FDA7FAA09468" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="502" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" type="description">
<paragraph id="06657267FFBBFFE50E10FDA7FBED93C8" blockId="2.[816,1460,560,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50E10FDA7FC799209" bold="true" box="[816,971,560,584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Description.</emphasis>
Medium-sized loricariids, with largest examined specimen
<quantity id="C122DF82FFBBFFE50927FDC7FBC39229" box="[1031,1137,592,616]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.537" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" unit="mm" value="153.7">153.7 mm</quantity>
SL (a male of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50828FDC6FC1192C9" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnegiei">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50828FDC6FC1192C9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Dolichancistrus carnegiei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Head and body strongly depressed and moderately wide. Lateral profile of anterior portion of head gently convex from tip of snout to vertical through posterior nares, then nearly straight to dorsal-fin insertion. Dorsal profile of body straight to very slightly posteroventrally angled from terminus of dorsal-fin base to insertion of dorsal caudal-fin spine. Ventral profile of head and body straight to very slightly convex to insertion of ventral caudal-fin spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBBFFE50E76FC06FADD9508" blockId="2.[816,1460,560,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Supraorbital bony ridge absent, with interorbital area ranging transversely from slightly convex to flat. Ridge of hypertrophied odontodes present in adults in region from anterior portion of orbit to anteroventral portion of nares; degree of development of ridge interspecifically and ontogenetically variable. Medial region from tip of snout to nares with distinct hypertrophied odontodes; odontodes usually more obvious in mature males but variably developed interspecifically. Profile of head smoothly rounded anteriorly in dorsal view other than for odontodes extending in adults along anterior and lateral margins of snout. Hypertrophied odontodes along lateral margin of snout extending posteriorly for variable distances, but never reaching plates immediately anterior to cheek plates.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBBFFE40E76FAC6FCB190A8" blockId="2.[816,1460,560,1961]" lastBlockId="3.[129,772,177,1961]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="502" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">
Cheek with two to ten extremely hypertrophied odontodes supported by skin-covered, bony ossicles (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50820FAE6FA8E95C9" box="[1280,1340,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBBFFE50863FAE6FC4995E9" author="Geerinckx, T. &amp; D. Adriaens" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" pagination="287 - 299" refId="ref16827" refString="Geerinckx, T. &amp; D. Adriaens. 2006. The erectile cheek-spine apparatus in the bristlenose catfish Ancistrus (Loricariidae, Siluriformes), and its relation to the formation of a secondary skull roof. Zoology, 109: 287 - 299." type="journal article" year="2006">Geerinckx &amp; Adriaens, 2006</bibRefCitation>
) plus several shorter albeit lengthened odontodes supported by outer exposed cheek plates. Hypertrophied cheek odontodes distally recurved with largest fully developed odontode extending posterior of base of first or second branched pectoral-fin ray. Cheek plates in two series. Dorsal series with two large plates varying in orientation, shape, and size among species. Ventral series with three or four smaller plates usually either lacking odontodes or with odontodes mostly covered by thick skin. Frontal, infraorbital, nasal, opercle, compound pterotic, sphenotic, and parieto-supraoccipital bones supporting odontodes of various sizes. Opercular odontodes present on exposed portion of opercle, with odontodes along opercular margin frequently larger than those on exposed surface of opercle. Cheek, snout and pectoral-spine odontodes surrounded basally by fleshy collar and most often with small lateral papilla as in
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBBFFE50927F806FB3297E8" authorityName="Rapp Py-Daniel" authorityYear="1985" box="[1031,1152,1937,1961]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dekeyseria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE50927F806FB3297E8" box="[1031,1152,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Dekeyseria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBBFFE509AFF806FAE297E8" author="Sabaj, M. H. &amp; J. W. Armbruster &amp; L. M. Page" box="[1167,1360,1937,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" pagination="217 - 229" refId="ref18129" refString="Sabaj, M. H., J. W. Armbruster &amp; L. M. Page. 1999. Spawning in Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with comments on the evolution of snout tentacles as a novel reproductive strategy: larval mimicry. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 10: 217 - 229." type="journal article" year="1999">
Sabaj
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBBFFE509F4F806FAB997E8" box="[1236,1291,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4b). Fleshy papillae present when odontodes not fully developed. Odontodes on pectoral spine longer than associated papillae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBAFFE40D86FF66FE1B9269" blockId="3.[129,772,177,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">All series of lateral plates other than ventral series complete and extending from compound pterotic to posterior limit of caudal peduncle. Body plates without keels, but plates of ventral series with slight flexion midway along their vertical extent forming discrete angle along ventrolateral margin of caudal peduncle. Ventral plate series incomplete anteriorly with first plate located anterior of pelvic-fin insertion. Five series of plates present on caudal peduncle. Abdomen naked. First anal-fin pterygiophore not exposed to form plate-like structure.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBAFFE40D86FDA6FDF69609" blockId="3.[129,772,177,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Tip of adpressed dorsal fin extending posteriorly to terminate within area short of, to slightly beyond, anterior margin of preadipose plate. Dorsal-fin spine stiff basally, flexible distally and not extending beyond distal margin of fin. Margin of fin ranges from straight to slightly convex. Exposed margin of dorsal-fin spinelet moderately convex and variably covered by skin. Dorsal-fin spine lock functional. Adipose-fin spine of moderate length and bearing odontodes. Distal margin of caudal fin ranging from slightly emarginate to obliquely straight, with form variable both intraspecifically and ontogenetically. Ventral lobe of caudal fin longer than dorsal lobe. Anal-fin base short, usually about one-third length of second unbranched anal-fin ray. Tip of adpressed anal fin extending posteriorly to, or nearly to, vertical through adipose-fin origin. Length of pectoral-fin spine highly variable interspecifically but longer in mature males than mature females of all species. Tip of adpressed pectoral-fin spine falling between mid-length of adpressed pelvic-fin spine and point beyond tip of spine in mature males, and between insertion and tip of pelvic-fin spine in mature females. Pectoral-fin spine in mature males with hypertrophied odontodes extending along distal onefifth to one-fourth of dorsolateral surface. Single series of odontodes present on dorsal surface of pectoral-fin spine in mature specimens regardless of sex or maturity. Distal margin of pectoral fin sigmoid when fully developed in adults, with margin convex medially and gently concave distally. Tip of adpressed pelvic fin reaching posteriorly to beyond anal-fin insertion. Dorsal surface of spine usually lacking odontodes. Form of posterior margin of pelvic fin interspecifically variable. Immature individuals of both sexes with distal fin margin straight whereas larger specimens with distal margin either W-shaped or convex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBAFFE40D86F9C6FA8F9148" blockId="3.[129,772,177,1961]" lastBlockId="3.[809,1453,177,585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Iris operculum present. Short, fleshy flap with round margin present between anterior and posterior nares. Lips wide and fairly thick. Upper lip with multiple series of papillae. Papillae proximate to mouth opening small and rounded and preceded anteriorly first by larger papillae and then by more elongate papillae along lip margin. Lower lip with medium-sized round papillae anteriorly and smaller ones posteriorly but with skin near posterior margin of lip nearly smooth. Lip border crenate. Maxillary barbel short, separate from lower lip distally but variably fused to lip basally in some specimens and extending up to one-half distance to transverse line along posteriormost limit of lower lip. Median buccal papilla present posterior of symphysis of premaxillae in all but one species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBAFFE40E6FFE86FBEA9208" blockId="3.[809,1453,177,585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Jaws wide transversely. Dentaries meeting at variably oblique angle ranging from nearly straight line to distinct angle with variation apparently artifact of preservation. Anterior margin of premaxilla forming nearly straight line. Dentary larger than premaxilla. Peduncles of teeth fairly long, narrow and distally recurved. Cusps asymmetrically developed with lateral tooth cusp approximately one-half length of medial cusp. Dentary teeth 30 -100 and premaxillary teeth 20-70; number of teeth on each ramus increasing ontogenetically.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBAFFE40E09FDE7FAA09468" blockId="3.[809,1452,624,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE40E09FDE7FBB892C9" bold="true" box="[809,1034,624,648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Mature females have a greatly widened, pad-like genital papilla with some transverse flaps at the papillary opening. The aperture of the genital papilla in mature females is located proximate to, but separate from, the opening of the vent. Mature males have a distinctly-pointed genital papilla with a distal aperture. Mature males also typically demonstrate a greater degree of development of the odontodes along the margin of the snout and medial region of head from the tip of the snout to the nares, and in the area between the orbit and the nares. The pectoral-fin spines and distal odontodes on the spines are proportionally longer in mature males than in mature females. Males of all species achieve greater standard lengths than do conspecific females and also reach maturity at larger overall sizes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EC021ECFFBAFFE30E09FBC7FEC397E8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="503" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="06657267FFBAFFE40E09FBC7FBFB9608" blockId="3.[809,1452,1104,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE40E09FBC7FC729429" bold="true" box="[809,960,1104,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Distribution.</emphasis>
Species of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBAFFE40963FBC6FB419428" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[1091,1267,1105,1129]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE40963FBC6FB419428" box="[1091,1267,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from eastern tributaries of the río Atrato at elevations of
<quantity id="C122DF82FFBAFFE40846FBE7FC2994E8" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" metricValueMax="13.8" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" unit="m" value="920.0" valueMax="1380.0" valueMin="460.0">460 to 1380 masl</quantity>
, the río Cubarradó a small coastal drainage south of the Serranía de Baudó on the Pacific Ocean versant, the middle portions of the eastern río Magdalena basin along the Cordillera Oriental between approximately 500 and
<quantity id="C122DF82FFBAFFE40856FB67FCED9568" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" unit="m" value="2540.0">2540 masl</quantity>
, western portions of the río Orinoco basin on the slopes and piedmont of the Cordillera Oriental from the Serranía de la Macarena to the río San Antonio in
<collectingCountry id="7ECD32F7FFBAFFE40993FAC6FA939528" box="[1203,1313,1361,1385]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
at elevations of approximately
<quantity id="C122DF82FFBAFFE40922FAE7FB6595C8" box="[1026,1239,1392,1417]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" unit="m" value="1500.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="500.0">500 to 2500 masl</quantity>
and southeastern tributaries of the lago Maracaibo basin in
<collectingCountry id="7ECD32F7FFBAFFE4082EFA06FAC895E8" box="[1294,1402,1425,1449]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="7ECD32F7FFBAFFE40E09FA26FC2A9588" box="[809,920,1457,1481]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. Samples with specific locality information indicate that all species are allopatrically distributed. A few samples with inexact locality data that include two species likely represent geographically complex series of specimens (see Remarks for
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBAFFE40E93F9A6FB8B9609" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[947,1081,1585,1608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnegiei">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE40E93F9A6FB8B9609" box="[947,1081,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">D. carnegiei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBAFFE30E09F9E7FD3390A8" blockId="3.[809,1452,1648,1961]" lastBlockId="4.[136,779,177,1961]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="503" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE40E09F9E7FA1E96C8" bold="true" box="[809,1452,1648,1673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">
Generic placement of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBAFFE40959F9E7FA1096C9" box="[1145,1442,1648,1672]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE40959F9E7FA1096C9" bold="true" box="[1145,1442,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBAFFE40E09F906FBF296E9" box="[809,1088,1681,1705]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE40E09F906FBF296E9" box="[809,1088,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the first described species eventually assigned to
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBAFFE4090CF926FB529688" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[1068,1248,1713,1737]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE4090CF926FB529688" box="[1068,1248,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBAFFE40E09F946FBF496A8" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[809,1094,1745,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" pagination="348 - 350" refId="ref16243" refString="Boulenger, G. A. 1887. On new siluroid fishes from the Andes of Columbia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 19: 348 - 350." type="journal article" year="1887">Boulenger (1887: 349)</bibRefCitation>
. This species was shifted to
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBAFFE40E09F966FB889748" authority="Bleeker" authorityName="Bleeker" box="[809,1082,1777,1801]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE40E09F966FC659748" box="[809,983,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Pseudancistrus</emphasis>
Bleeker
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBAFFE4094DF966FC199769" author="Eigenmann, C. H. &amp; R. S. Eigenmann" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" pagination="1 - 508" refId="ref16556" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. &amp; R. S. Eigenmann. 1890. A revision of the South American Nematognathi or cat-fishes. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 1: 1 - 508." type="journal article" year="1890">Eigenmann and Eigenmann (1890: 435)</bibRefCitation>
, whereas
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBAFFE40935F886FB5D9768" author="Regan, C. T." box="[1045,1263,1809,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" pagination="191 - 350" refId="ref18097" refString="Regan, C. T. 1904. A monograph of the fishes of the family Loricariidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 17: 191 - 350." type="journal article" year="1904">Regan (1904: 3239)</bibRefCitation>
assigned it to the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBAFFE40EBBF8A6FBF59708" box="[923,1095,1841,1865]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE40EBBF8A6FBF59708" box="[923,1095,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Pseudancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBAFFE40982F8A6FC1E9728" authority="Kner. Fowler (1942: 132)" authorityName="Kner. Fowler" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1942" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE40982F8A6FABE9709" box="[1186,1292,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Ancistrus</emphasis>
Kner.
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBAFFE4087DF8A6FC1E9728" author="Fowler, H. W." pageId="3" pageNumber="502" pagination="128 - 138" refId="ref16758" refString="Fowler, H. W. 1942. Lista de peces de Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 5: 128 - 138." type="journal article" year="1942">Fowler (1942: 132)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
followed
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBAFFE4093EF8C6FA3D9728" author="Eigenmann, C. H. &amp; R. S. Eigenmann" box="[1054,1423,1873,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" pagination="1 - 508" refId="ref16556" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. &amp; R. S. Eigenmann. 1890. A revision of the South American Nematognathi or cat-fishes. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 1: 1 - 508." type="journal article" year="1890">Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann (1890)</bibRefCitation>
in recognizing the species within
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE409A7F8E6FA8897C8" box="[1159,1338,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBAFFE409A7F8E6FA8597C8" box="[1159,1335,1905,1929]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudancistrus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBAFFE40861F8E6FC1397E9" author="Isbrucker, I. J. H." pageId="3" pageNumber="502" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref17121" refString="Isbrucker, I. J. H. 1980. Classification and catalogue of the mailed Loricariidae (Pisces, Siluriformes). Verslagen en Technische Gegevens, Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 22: 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1980">Isbrücker (1980: 46)</bibRefCitation>
first shifted the species to
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBAFFE409C1F806FACB97E9" box="[1249,1401,1937,1960]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lasiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBAFFE409C1F806FACB97E9" box="[1249,1401,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Lasiancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and then to
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DFBFF26FE3D9088" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[219,399,177,201]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DFBFF26FE3D9088" box="[219,399,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2001: 27) without any comment; a practice continued by subsequent authors.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBDFFE30D8EFF66FDCF9368" blockId="4.[136,779,177,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBDFFE30D8EFF66FE239148" author="Isbrucker, I. J. H." box="[174,401,241,265]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref17121" refString="Isbrucker, I. J. H. 1980. Classification and catalogue of the mailed Loricariidae (Pisces, Siluriformes). Verslagen en Technische Gegevens, Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 22: 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1980">Isbrücker (1980: 47)</bibRefCitation>
identified one putative diagnostic feature for
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C27FE86FE099168" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[263,443,273,297]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C27FE86FE099168" box="[263,443,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, “the possession of very long interopercular odontodes [= hypertrophied cheek odontodes], extending much beyond the head in the adult male” (comments in brackets ours). The two or more greatly hypertrophied and distally-recurved cheek odontodes reaching distinctly beyond the pectoral-spine origin in
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30FD0FE26FEB791A9" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1960" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atratoensis">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30FD0FE26FEB791A9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">D. atratoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C33FE46FE2C91A9" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[275,414,465,488]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnegiei">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C33FE46FE2C91A9" box="[275,414,465,488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">D. carnegiei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C8BFE46FD8B91A8" baseAuthorityName="Schultz" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[427,569,465,489]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cobrensis">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C8BFE46FD8B91A8" box="[427,569,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">D. cobrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30F54FE46FD5791A8" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1911" box="[628,741,465,489]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuesslii">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30F54FE46FD5791A8" box="[628,741,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">D. fuesslii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as in
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C30FE66FE719249" authorityName="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityYear="1916" box="[272,451,497,520]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C30FE66FE719249" box="[272,451,497,520]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Leptoancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
likely represent the cited condition. Elongation of cheek odontodes in
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FDA6FE8E9208" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[136,316,561,585]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FDA6FE8E9208" box="[136,316,561,585]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(exclusive of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30CFCFDA6FD609209" box="[476,722,561,585]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30CFCFDA6FD609209" box="[476,722,561,585]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FDC6FE829229" authorityName="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityYear="1916" box="[136,304,593,616]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FDC6FE829229" box="[136,304,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Leptoancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also occurs in some other ancistrin genera (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DB2FDE6FF0192C9" box="[146,179,625,648]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">e.g</emphasis>
.,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DEEFDE6FEFE92C8" box="[206,332,625,649]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Acanthicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DEEFDE6FEFE92C8" box="[206,332,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Acanthicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C7FFDE6FDA592C8" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[351,535,625,649]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C7FFDE6FDA592C8" box="[351,535,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cordylancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30F0AFDE6FD6292C9" authorityName="Bleeker in Bleeker" authorityYear="1862" box="[554,720,625,648]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30F0AFDE6FD6292C9" box="[554,720,625,648]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Hemiancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FD06FF5992E9" box="[136,235,657,680]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Panaque" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FD06FF5992E9" box="[136,235,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Panaque</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), sometimes to a degree comparable to that in
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FD26FEFF9288" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[136,333,689,713]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FD26FEFF9288" box="[136,333,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30CB2FD26FDFB9289" authorityName="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityYear="1916" box="[402,585,689,712]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30CB2FD26FDFB9289" box="[402,585,689,712]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Leptoancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30F7FFD26FF6B92A9" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30F7FFD26FF6B92A9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, conversely, has proportionally distinctly shorter, albeit hypertrophied, cheek odontodes that fall short of, or barely reach, the pectoral-fin spine origin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBDFFE30D8EFCA6FE389489" blockId="4.[136,779,177,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
Proportionally longer pectoral-fin spines of mature males relative to mature females and immature specimens of both sexes were also proposed as diagnostic for
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FC06FD8E93E8" authority="(Armbruster, 2004: 37)" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityPageNumber="37" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[136,572,913,937]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FC06FE8B93E8" box="[136,313,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
(Armbruster, 2004: 37)
</taxonomicName>
. Such dimorphism does indeed occur in
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30CB1FC26FD6E9389" baseAuthorityName="Dahl" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[401,732,945,969]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atratoensis">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30CB1FC26FD6E9389" box="[401,732,945,969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus atratoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30FCFFC26FF4893A9" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnegiei">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30FCFFC26FF4893A9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">D. carnegiei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C2FFC46FE1993A8" baseAuthorityName="Schultz" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[271,427,977,1001]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cobrensis">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C2FFC46FE1993A8" box="[271,427,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">D. cobrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30CE1FC46FDF393A8" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1911" box="[449,577,977,1001]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuesslii">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30CE1FC46FDF393A8" box="[449,577,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">D. fuesslii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and species of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FC66FE819449" authorityName="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityYear="1916" box="[136,307,1009,1032]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FC66FE819449" box="[136,307,1009,1032]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Leptoancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but is absent in
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30F23FC66FCB99449" box="[515,779,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30F23FC66FCB59449" box="[515,775,1009,1033]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">Chaetostomus setosus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Sexually dimorphic pectoral spines of this
<typeStatus id="D961CCC5FFBDFFE30F7EFB86FD3C9468" box="[606,654,1041,1065]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">type</typeStatus>
are limited to
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30D8AFBA6FEE49409" authorityName="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityYear="1916" box="[170,342,1073,1096]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30D8AFBA6FEE49409" box="[170,342,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Leptoancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30CB6FBA6FDFD9408" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[406,591,1073,1097]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30CB6FBA6FDFD9408" box="[406,591,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(other than for
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FBC6FE339429" box="[136,385,1105,1129]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FBC6FE339429" box="[136,385,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in the
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30CFEFBC6FDFD9428" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1853" box="[478,591,1105,1129]" family="Loricariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Ancistrini">Ancistrini</taxonomicName>
and support the hypothesis of a sister-group relationship for
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FB06FEFF94E8" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[136,333,1169,1193]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FB06FEFF94E8" box="[136,333,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plus
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30CBAFB06FDE394E9" authorityName="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityYear="1916" box="[410,593,1169,1192]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30CBAFB06FDE394E9" box="[410,593,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Leptoancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but excluding
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FB26FE319489" box="[136,387,1201,1225]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FB26FE319489" box="[136,387,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBDFFE30D8EFB46FEC397E8" blockId="4.[136,779,177,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
Removal of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C5CFB46FD1E94A9" box="[380,684,1233,1257]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C5CFB46FD1E94A9" box="[380,684,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FB66FE8E9548" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[136,316,1265,1289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FB66FE8E9548" box="[136,316,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is appropriate based on the phylogenetic evidence that a more restricted
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30CFBFA86FD399568" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[475,651,1297,1321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30CFBFA86FD399568" box="[475,651,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sister group to
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DD6FAA6FE1A9509" box="[246,424,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DD6FAA6FE119509" authorityName="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityYear="1916" box="[246,419,1329,1352]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptoancistrus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
As a side benefit, this makes
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FAC6FEFA9528" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[136,328,1361,1385]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FAC6FEFA9528" box="[136,328,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
readily diagnosable externally. The question is then one of the appropriate generic placement of the species.
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C47FA06FD3595E9" box="[359,647,1425,1449]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C47FA06FD3595E9" box="[359,647,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares a supraoccipital dermal ridge with components of both
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8FA46FE6495A9" authority="(Salcedo, 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Salcedo" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[136,470,1488,1513]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8FA46FEA995A8" box="[136,283,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBDFFE30C0BFA46FE7C95A9" author="Salcedo, N. J." box="[299,462,1488,1513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="207 - 220" refId="ref18231" refString="Salcedo, N. J. 2006. Two new species of Chaetostoma (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Huallaga river in central Peru. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 17: 207 - 220." type="journal article" year="2006">Salcedo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30F2EFA46FD7695A8" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[526,708,1489,1513]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30F2EFA46FD7695A8" box="[526,708,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cordylancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.) but not
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C09FA66FE6C9648" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[297,478,1521,1545]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C09FA66FE6C9648" box="[297,478,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30F3DFA66FD749649" authorityName="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityYear="1916" box="[541,710,1521,1544]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30F3DFA66FD749649" box="[541,710,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Leptoancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This ridge is hypothesized as derived given its absence across the remainder of the
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C5DF9A6FDA29608" baseAuthorityName="Salcedo" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[381,528,1585,1609]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C5DF9A6FDA29608" box="[381,528,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group indicating that the relationship of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C5FF9C6FD229629" box="[383,656,1617,1641]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C5FF9C6FD229629" box="[383,656,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lies with components of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30C64F9E6FE6F96C8" baseAuthorityName="Salcedo" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[324,477,1649,1673]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30C64F9E6FE6F96C8" box="[324,477,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30F2DF9E6FD7896C8" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[525,714,1649,1673]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30F2DF9E6FD7896C8" box="[525,714,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cordylancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The absence of resolution about relationships within the
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8F926FE9A9688" baseAuthorityName="Salcedo" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[136,296,1713,1737]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8F926FE9A9688" box="[136,296,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group complicates the assignment of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8F946FE1496A9" box="[136,422,1745,1769]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8F946FE1496A9" box="[136,422,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to either
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30F1CF946FD5296A9" baseAuthorityName="Salcedo" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[572,736,1745,1769]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30F1CF946FD5296A9" box="[572,736,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8F966FEE69749" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[136,340,1777,1801]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8F966FEE69749" box="[136,340,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cordylancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the non-monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8F886FEF09768" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[136,322,1809,1833]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8F886FEF09768" box="[136,322,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cordylancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the sense of
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBDFFE30F2BF886FF619709" author="Provenzano, F. &amp; N. Milani" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="29 - 41" refId="ref18053" refString="Provenzano, F. &amp; N. Milani. 2006. Cordylancistrus nephelion (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), a new and endangered species of suckermouth armored catfish from the Tuy River, north-central Venezuela. Zootaxa, 1116: 29 - 41." type="journal article" year="2006">Provenzano &amp; Milani (2006)</bibRefCitation>
in subsequent analyses (
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30CDCF8A6FD969709" box="[508,548,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">e.g.</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBDFFE30F16F8A6FCB19708" author="Armbruster, J. W." box="[566,771,1841,1865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref16069" refString="Armbruster, J. W. 2008. The genus Pecklotia with the description of two new species and a reanalysis of the phylogeny of the genera of the Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Zootaxa, 1822: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="2008">Armbruster, 2008</bibRefCitation>
) problematic. In light of those complications, we place
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8F8E6FE2897C9" box="[136,410,1905,1929]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8F8E6FE2897C9" box="[136,410,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30CEDF8E6FDCF97C8" box="[461,637,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">incertae sedis</emphasis>
within the
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30DA8F806FEAE97E8" baseAuthorityName="Salcedo" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[136,284,1937,1961]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30DA8F806FEAE97E8" box="[136,284,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EC021ECFFBDFFE30E10FF23FAF992AD" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="06657267FFBDFFE30E10FF23FAF992AD" blockId="4.[816,1460,179,748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30E10FF23FAA1908D" bold="true" box="[816,1299,179,204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
Type locality for
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30929FF24FAB9908A" box="[1033,1291,179,203]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30929FF24FAB9908A" bold="true" box="[1033,1291,179,203]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Although we exclude
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30EB0FF43FB3690AD" box="[912,1156,212,236]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30EB0FF43FB3690AD" box="[912,1156,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE309EDFF43FACF90AD" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1229,1405,212,236]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE309EDFF43FACF90AD" box="[1229,1405,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, our investigations were informative as to the likely type region of the species.
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBDFFE30EEAFE83FB0B916D" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[970,1209,276,300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="348 - 350" refId="ref16243" refString="Boulenger, G. A. 1887. On new siluroid fishes from the Andes of Columbia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 19: 348 - 350." type="journal article" year="1887">Boulenger (1887: 349)</bibRefCitation>
remarked that the types of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30E6DFEA3FB8F910D" box="[845,1085,308,332]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30E6DFEA3FB8F910D" box="[845,1085,308,332]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were part of “a small collection of fishes made by F. A. Simons in
<collectingCountry id="7ECD32F7FFBDFFE3098DFEC3FAA9912D" box="[1197,1307,340,364]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(locality not mentioned).” According to
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBDFFE3096BFEE3FAE991CD" author="Hilty, S. L. &amp; W. L. Brown" box="[1099,1371,372,396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" refId="ref17008" refString="Hilty, S. L. &amp; W. L. Brown. 1986. A guide to the birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 996 p." type="book" year="1986">Hilty &amp; Brown (1986: 37)</bibRefCitation>
, Simons collected birds in northeastern
<collectingCountry id="7ECD32F7FFBDFFE309A8FE03FB4691ED" box="[1160,1268,404,428]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Colombia</collectingCountry>
in the late 1870s apparently in the expeditions that yielded the types of
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE308BBFE23FC3A91AD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE308BBFE23FC3191AD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">C. setosus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBDFFE30EB1FE43FB8491AD" author="Simons, F. A." box="[913,1078,468,492]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="705 - 723" refId="ref18302" refString="Simons, F. A. 1881. On the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta and its watershed (state of Magdalena, U. S. of Colombia). Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 3: 705 - 723." type="journal article" year="1881">Simons (1881)</bibRefCitation>
discussed his travels through the region around the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the northern portions of the lower río
<collectingRegion id="C41EBC85FFBDFFE3094BFD83FB59926D" box="[1131,1259,532,556]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
basin and other lowlands west of the Serranía del Perijá. Only two samples of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30E6DFDC3FB8F922D" box="[845,1085,596,620]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30E6DFDC3FB8F922D" box="[845,1085,596,620]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostomus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with detailed locality information were located, both from the río
<collectingRegion id="C41EBC85FFBDFFE309AAFDE3FB7A92CD" box="[1162,1224,628,652]" country="Colombia" name="Cesar" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cesar</collectingRegion>
basin, Departamento de
<collectingRegion id="C41EBC85FFBDFFE30E6FFD03FC3C92ED" box="[847,910,660,684]" country="Colombia" name="Cesar" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cesar</collectingRegion>
, west of the Serranía del Perijá (
<collectionCode id="60CBEAA2FFBDFFE309FAFD03FAAE92ED" box="[1242,1308,660,684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">CIUA</collectionCode>
698, 4,
<quantity id="C122DF82FFBDFFE3084EFD03FC2F928A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.092999999999999" metricValueMax="7.081999999999999" metricValueMin="5.104" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="60.92999999999999" valueMax="70.82" valueMin="51.04">51.04- 70.82 mm</quantity>
SL;
<collectionCode id="60CBEAA2FFBDFFE30EEFFD23FB8E928D" box="[975,1084,692,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">ICNMHN</collectionCode>
1158, 5,
<quantity id="C122DF82FFBDFFE309BEFD23FAE2928A" box="[1182,1360,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9845" metricValueMax="7.2299999999999995" metricValueMin="2.739" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="49.845" valueMax="72.3" valueMin="27.39">27.39-72.30 mm</quantity>
SL). It is likely that the
<typeStatus id="D961CCC5FFBDFFE30EF0FD43FB8292AD" box="[976,1072,724,748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
originated in that region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EC021ECFFBDFFE30E10FC9AFBD39644" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="06657267FFBDFFE30E10FC9AFBED9404" blockId="4.[816,1460,781,1541]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30E10FC9AFC119364" bold="true" box="[816,931,781,805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30E8AFC9AFBEF9364" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[938,1117,781,805]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30E8AFC9AFBEF9364" box="[938,1117,781,805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was purported to be externally distinguishable from other genera in having a pronounced sexual dimorphism in pectoral spine length with the spine of mature males extending beyond the tip of the pelvic fin spine
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30E5AFC19FC7793E4" box="[890,965,910,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">versus</emphasis>
the shorter pectoral-fin spine in mature conspecific females. Although dimorphism in pectoral-spine length is general across
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE309A1FC5AFA8E93A4" box="[1153,1340,973,997]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE309A1FC5AFA8A93A4" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1153,1336,973,997]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dolichancistrus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
only in
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE308B8FC59FC2E9444" baseAuthorityName="Schultz" baseAuthorityYear="1944" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cobrensis">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE308B8FC59FC2E9444" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">D. cobrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30EFCFC79FBE19444" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1911" box="[988,1107,1005,1029]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuesslii">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30EFCFC79FBE19444" box="[988,1107,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">D. fuesslii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does the tip of the adpressed pectoral-fin spine reach or extend beyond the tip of the adpressed pelvic-fin spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBDFFE30E76FBDAFBD39644" blockId="4.[816,1460,781,1541]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
Comparable sized conspecific mature males of all species of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30E75FBFAFBA194C4" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[853,1043,1133,1157]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30E75FBFAFBA194C4" box="[853,1043,1133,1157]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
demonstrate striking variation in odontode development and it appears that males shed their hypertrophied snout odontodes seasonally.
<bibRefCitation id="624B0F96FFBDFFE3080FFB3AFC0694A4" author="Armbruster, J. W." pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref15991" refString="Armbruster, J. W. 2004 a. Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Armbruster (2004a: 41)</bibRefCitation>
noted that members of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE309EEFB5AFA3294A4" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1230,1408,1229,1253]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE309EEFB5AFA3294A4" box="[1230,1408,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30E10FB79FC539544" authorityName="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityYear="1916" box="[816,993,1262,1285]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30E10FB79FC539544" box="[816,993,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Leptoancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
often shed their hypertrophied cheek odontodes although the underlying cause and periodicity was not noted. Seasonal loss of cheek odontodes occurs elsewhere in the
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30ECAFADAFBC39524" box="[1002,1137,1357,1381]" family="Loricariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Loricariidae</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE309B4FAD9FB479524" box="[1172,1269,1358,1381]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Panaque" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE309B4FAD9FB479524" box="[1172,1269,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Panaque</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.; J. W. Armbruster, pers. comm.),
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE3096DFAFAFAE395C4" baseAuthorityName="Kner" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1101,1361,1389,1413]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rineloricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uracantha">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE3096DFAFAFAE395C4" box="[1101,1361,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Rineloricaria uracantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Moodie &amp; Power, 1980: 144;
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30900FA19FAB195E4" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1863" box="[1056,1283,1421,1445]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Loricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uracantha">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30900FA19FAB195E4" box="[1056,1283,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Loricaria uracantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
therein) and an apparent periodic shedding of cheek odontodes was observed in
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30EC6FA5AFB3A95A4" baseAuthorityName="Salcedo" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[998,1160,1485,1509]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30EC6FA5AFB3A95A4" box="[998,1160,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Chaetostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30987FA5AFAC295A4" authorityName="Isbrucker" authorityYear="1980" box="[1191,1392,1485,1509]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30987FA5AFAC295A4" box="[1191,1392,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cordylancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30E10FA79FC669644" authorityName="Meek &amp; Hildebrand" authorityYear="1916" box="[816,980,1518,1541]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30E10FA79FC669644" box="[816,980,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Leptoancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EC021ECFFBDFFE20E10F9A6FCB79368" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="key">
<paragraph id="06657267FFBDFFE30E10F9A6FB2E9609" blockId="4.[816,1180,1584,1609]" box="[816,1180,1584,1609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30E10F9A6FB2E9609" bold="true" box="[816,1180,1584,1609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30ECDF9A7FB2E9609" ID-CoL="62R6K" baseAuthorityName="Armbruster" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1005,1180,1584,1608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30ECDF9A7FB2E9609" bold="true" box="[1005,1180,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Dolichancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<key id="724B2556FFBDFFE20E10F9E6FCB79368" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<keyStep id="BD2E6AC2FFBDFFE30E10F9E6FA0097E8" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<paragraph id="06657267FFBDFFE30E10F9E6FA019768" blockId="4.[816,1459,1649,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<keyLead id="BD2BD152FFBDFFE30E10F9E6FA019768" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
1. Buccal papilla absent at premaxillary symphysis; hypertrophied snout odontodes in mature males and females either restricted to anterolateral regions of snout margin, or weakly developed on narrow anterior region of snout in addition to anterolateral odontode patch present in some specimens …………………….....……..
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBDFFE30818F886FA019768" ID-CoL="374K7" baseAuthorityName="Schultz" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[1336,1459,1809,1833]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cobrensis">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBDFFE30818F886FA019768" box="[1336,1459,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">D. cobrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBDFFE30E10F8A6FA0097E8" blockId="4.[816,1459,1649,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<keyLead id="BD2BD152FFBDFFE30E10F8A6FA0097E8" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">1’. Buccal papilla present at premaxillary symphysis; hypertrophied snout odontodes in mature males extending along entire margin of snout and sometimes also onto medial region of head from tip of snout to nares ……….. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="BD2E6AC2FFBCFFE20DA1FF26FCB79268" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
<paragraph id="06657267FFBCFFE20DA1FF26FCB79128" blockId="5.[129,774,177,809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
<keyLead id="BD2BD152FFBCFFE20DA1FF26FCB79128" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
2. Anterior margin of adpressed posterior dorsal cheek plate medially contacting anterior margin of exposed portion of opercle; tip of adpressed pectoral-fin spine in mature males extending distinctly beyond tip of adpressed pelvic-fin spine and in mature females to tip of pelvic-fin spine ……......................................................................……
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBCFFE20F83FEC5FCB79128" ID-CoL="DN3B" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1911" box="[675,773,337,361]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuesslii">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBCFFE20F83FEC5FCB79128" box="[675,773,337,361]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">D.fuesslii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBCFFE20DA1FEE6FCB79268" blockId="5.[129,774,177,809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
<keyLead id="BD2BD152FFBCFFE20DA1FEE6FCB79268" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">2’. Anterior margin of adpressed posterior dorsal cheek plate not medially contacting anterior margin of exposed portion of opercle; tip of adpressed pectoral-fin spine in mature males extending to area between middle and tip of adpressed pelvic-fin spine and in mature females reaching to area between base and middle of pelvic-fin spine …… 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="BD2E6AC2FFBCFFE20DA1FDA6FCB79368" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
<paragraph id="06657267FFBCFFE20DA1FDA6FCB492E8" blockId="5.[129,774,177,809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
<keyLead id="BD2BD152FFBCFFE20DA1FDA6FCB492E8" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
3. Anterior dorsal cheek plate ventrally triangular and distinctly smaller than posterior check plate in lateral view; length of anal-fin spine less than or nearly equal to one-third length of pelvic-fin spine …………………….............
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBCFFE20F59FD05FCB492E8" ID-CoL="374K5" baseAuthorityName="Dahl" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[633,774,658,681]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atratoensis">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBCFFE20F59FD05FCB492E8" box="[633,774,658,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">D. atratoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06657267FFBCFFE20DA1FD26FCB79368" blockId="5.[129,774,177,809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
<keyLead id="BD2BD152FFBCFFE20DA1FD26FCB79368" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
3’. Anterior dorsal cheek plate square and approximately as large as posterior check plate in lateral view; length of anal-fin spine nearly equaling or exceeding one-half length of pelvic-fin spine ……………….......……….…
<taxonomicName id="C1DA09E4FFBCFFE20FAAFC85FCB79368" ID-CoL="374K6" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[650,773,786,809]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnegiei">
<emphasis id="34AEAE75FFBCFFE20FAAFC85FCB79368" box="[650,773,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">D. carnegiei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink