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<mods:title id="5E70ABAEB8E0D49E5AA92E787C526AA5">A revision of the genus Radicipes Stearns, 1883 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Chrysogorgiidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A99C6FF26FDBA29C6" ID-CoL="4R945" authority="(Verrill, 1884)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1884" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,546,151,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6FF26FEF529C5" bold="true" box="[151,365,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radicipes gracilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A982DFF29FD8229C6" author="Verrill" box="[380,538,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1884) Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer bankS off the Southern coaSt of NeW England, No. 9. Brief contributionS to zoology from the MuSeum of Yale College. No. 55. American Journal of Science, 28 (3), 213 - 220." type="journal article" year="1884">Verrill, 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
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<figureCitation id="9E8481FCFFCBFF9A99C6FF0BFF7A29A7" box="[151,226,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,235,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1427,235,1667]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. PolypS of Radicipes Spp. A, B: polypS of Radicipes challengeri (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889) (BMNH 1889.5.27.3, holotype, and USNM 57314, reSpectively); C: polyp of Radicipes stonei Sp. nov. (USNM 1418007, holotype); D: polyp of Radicipes kopelatos Cordeiro, Pérez &amp; CaStro, 2015 (MNRJ 8566, holotype); E – F: polypS of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884) (BMNH 1889.5. 27.4, holotype, including detail of the oral portion (E’), of Radicipes fragilis (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889) and, USNM 8877, Syntype of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884 )), reSpectively; G: polyp of Radicipes aureus Kükenthal, 1919 (ZMB 8565, holotype); H, H': polyp of Radicipes pleurocristatus StearnS, 1883 (BMNH 1889.5.27.2, holotype of Radicipes verrilli (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889 )) and detail of the oral portion, reSpectively; I, I': polypS of Radicipes pleurocristatus StearnS, 1883 (USNM 49464), full-Sized polypS, normal and fertile, reSpectively. Scale barS: A, H': 0.2 mm; B: 0.6 mm; C: 0.5 mm; D, E, G, H, I’: 1 mm; D', E’, F: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893041/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
E–F, 9, 10
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<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6FF4CFEED2867" box="[151,373,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lepidogorgia gracilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A982CFF4CFD9A2867" author="Verrill" box="[381,514,253,275]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1884) Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer bankS off the Southern coaSt of NeW England, No. 9. Brief contributionS to zoology from the MuSeum of Yale College. No. 55. American Journal of Science, 28 (3), 213 - 220." type="journal article" year="1884">Verrill, 1884</bibRefCitation>
: 220
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; 1885: 512, 533, pl. 2, fig. 10, 10a.—VerSluyS, 1902: 16.— 
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<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9DCFFF4CFF652846" author="ThomSon" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="ThomSon, J. A. &amp; HenderSon, W. D. (1906) An account of the AlcyonarianS collected by the Royal Indian Survey Ship InveStigator in the Indian Ocean. Part 1. The Alcyonarians of the Deep Sea. Indian MuSeum, Calcutta, 132 pp." type="book" year="1906">ThomSon &amp; HenderSon, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 27
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(tabular key).
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6FE8BFEEF2824" box="[151,375,314,336]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Strophogorgia fragilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A982CFE8BFDF02824" author="Wright" box="[381,616,314,336]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Wright, E. P. &amp; Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the yearS 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright &amp; Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 4
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, pl. 2, fig. 2, pl. 5a. fig. 4.
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<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6FEE8FEF7281B" box="[151,367,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lepidogorgia fragilis</emphasis>
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.—VerSluyS, 1902: 16-17.— 
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<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9BD4FEE8FC26281B" author="ThomSon" box="[645,958,345,367]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="ThomSon, J. A. &amp; HenderSon, W. D. (1906) An account of the AlcyonarianS collected by the Royal Indian Survey Ship InveStigator in the Indian Ocean. Part 1. The Alcyonarians of the Deep Sea. Indian MuSeum, Calcutta, 132 pp." type="book" year="1906">ThomSon &amp; HenderSon, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 27
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.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6FEC9FEF328FA" box="[151,363,376,398]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A99C6FEC9FED528FA" ID-CoL="4R945" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,333,376,398]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">Radicipes gracilis</taxonomicName>
.—
</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A983AFEC9FD8F28FA" author="Kukenthal" box="[363,535,376,398]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Tiefsee-Expedition Valdivia, 13 (2), 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal, 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 548
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; 24: 412.— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9BEFFEC9FCF128FA" author="Verrill" box="[702,873,376,398]" page="42" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9BEFFEC9FCDB28FA" author="Verrill" box="[702,835,376,398]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1922) Alcyonaria and Actinaria. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 8 (G), 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1922">Verrill, 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 42
</treatmentCitation>
, fig 10, 10a.— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9AAAFEC9FB7D28FA" author="Deichmann" box="[1019,1253,376,398]" page="237" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9AAAFEC9FB2E28FA" author="Deichmann" box="[1019,1206,376,398]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the WeStern part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 53, 253 - 308." type="journal article" year="1936">Deichmann, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 237
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9C52FEC9FF7928D8" author="MadSen" page="46" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9C52FEC9FA0028FA" author="MadSen" box="[1283,1432,376,398]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="MadSen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia. Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (13), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1944">MadSen, 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 46
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–49, text-figS. 37–41.— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9885FE27FD1128D8" author="Bayer" box="[468,649,406,428]" page="882" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9885FE27FDCD28D8" author="Bayer" box="[468,597,406,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1979) Distichogorgia sconsa, a neW genuS and neW SpecieS of chrySogorgiid octocoral (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) from the Blake Plateau off northern Florida. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92 (4), 876 - 882." type="journal article" year="1979">Bayer, 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 882
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 2c.— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9BA5FE27FBAC28D8" author="Bayer" box="[756,1076,406,428]" page="342" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9BA5FE27FB9B28D8" author="Bayer" box="[756,1027,406,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Bayer, F. M. &amp; Macintyre, I. G. (2001) The mineral component of the axiS and holdfaSt of Some gorgonacean octocoralS (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), With Special reference to the family Gorgoniidae Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114 (1), 309 - 345." type="journal article" year="2001">Bayer &amp; Macintyre, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 342
</treatmentCitation>
(mineralogy).— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9D8CFE27FEB828BF" author="Watling" page="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9D8CFE27FF6528BF" author="Watling" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Watling, L. &amp; AuSter, P. (2005) DiStribution of deep-Water Alcyonacea off the northeaSt coaSt of the United StateS. In: FreiWald, A. &amp; Murray, R. J. (EdS.), Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 279 - 296. httpS: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 3 - 540 - 27673 - 4 _ 13" type="book chapter" year="2005">Watling &amp; AuSter, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 28
</treatmentCitation>
(liSted).— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A98DDFE04FD3F28BF" author="McFadden" box="[396,679,437,459]" page="525" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A98DDFE04FDEE28BF" author="McFadden" box="[396,630,437,459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="McFadden, C., France, S. C., Sanchez, J. A. &amp; AlderSlade, P. (2006) A molecular phylogenetic analySiS of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) baSed on mitochondrial protein-coding SequenceS. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41, 513 - 527." type="journal article" year="2006">
McFadden 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9B51FE07FDAB28BF" box="[512,563,437,459]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 525
</treatmentCitation>
, figS. 1–3.— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9A73FE04FBF628BF" author="Wareham" box="[802,1134,437,459]" page="295" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2007">
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: 295
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, 298, 302, fig. 1J.— 
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9C62FE04FEA3289E" author="CogSWell" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="CogSWell, A. T., Kenchington, E. L. R., Lirette, C. G., MacISaac, K., BeSt, M. M., Beazley, L. I. &amp; VickerS, J. (2009) The current State of knoWledge concerning the diStribution of coral in the Maritime ProvinceS. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2855, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="2009">
CogSWell 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9996FE64FF62289E" box="[199,250,468,490]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 10G.— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A98E3FE65FD61289E" author="Buhl-MortenSen" box="[434,761,468,490]" page="43" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A98E3FE65FD4F289E" author="Buhl-MortenSen" box="[434,727,468,490]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Buhl-MortenSen, L., Buhl-MortenSen, P., Holte, B., Dannheim, J., Kroger, K., Dolan, M. &amp; Picard, K. (2010) Dyreliv pa havbunnen TromSoflaket og Eggakanten. In: Buhl-MortenSen L., HodneSdal, H. &amp; ThorSneS, T. (EdS.), Til bunns i Barentshavet og havomradene utenfor Lofoten-ny kunnskap fra MAREANO for Okosystembasert forvaltning, NorgeS geologiSke underSokelSe, Trondheim, pp. 36 - 41." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Buhl-MortenSen 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9B33FE64FD0D289E" box="[610,661,468,490]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 43
</treatmentCitation>
(mentioned). — 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9AF0FE64FB36289E" author="Pante" box="[929,1198,468,490]" page="597" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9AF0FE64FB18289E" author="Pante" box="[929,1152,468,490]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Pante, E. &amp; France, S. C. (2010) Pseudochrysogorgia bellona n. gen., n. Sp.: a neW genuS and SpecieS of chrySogorgiid octocoral (Coelenterata, Anthozoa) from the Coral Sea. Zoosystema, 32 (4), 595 - 612." type="journal article" year="2010">
Pante &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="7EA8DDE9FFCBFF9A9AA8FE64FBD8289E" box="[1017,1088,469,490]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">France</collectingCountry>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 597
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9D9DFE65FF782B7C" author="Watling" page="59" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9D9DFE65FA00289E" author="Watling" box="[1228,1432,468,490]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Watling, L., France, S., Pante, E. &amp; SimpSon, A. (2011) Biology of deep-Water octocoralS. In: LeSSer, M. (Ed.), Advances in Marine Biology. ElSevier Academic preSS, London, pp. 41 - 122." type="book chapter" year="2011">
Watling 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9C75FE64FACF289E" box="[1316,1367,468,490]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
: 59
</treatmentCitation>
(liSted).— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9803FE43FDCD2B7C" author="Baker" box="[338,597,498,520]" page="239" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9803FE43FDB82B7C" author="Baker" box="[338,544,498,520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Baker, K. D., Wareham, V. E., Snelgrove, P. V. R., Haedrich, R. L., Fifield, D. A., Edinger, E. N. &amp; GilkinSon, K. D. (2012) DiStributional patternS of deep-Sea coral aSSemblageS in three Submarine canyonS off NeWfoundland, Canada. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 445, 235 - 249." type="journal article" year="2012">
Baker, 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A98CEFE42FE4F2B7C" box="[415,471,498,520]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012
</bibRefCitation>
: 239
</treatmentCitation>
, 240, 244.— 
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9BB1FE43FC492B7C" author="Pante" box="[736,977,498,520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Pante, E., France, S., Couloux, A., Cruaud, C., McFadden, C. S., Samadi, S. &amp; Watling, L. (2012) Deep-Sea origin and in-Situ diverSification of chrySogorgiid octocoralS. PLoS ONE, 7 (6), e 38357." type="journal article" year="2012">
Pante &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="7EA8DDE9FFCBFF9A9A15FE42FC132B7C" box="[836,907,499,520]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">France</collectingCountry>
, 2012
</bibRefCitation>
: figS. 2–3, Supplemental table 1 (liSted).— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9996FDA0FE5A2B53" author="Cordeiro" box="[199,450,529,551]" page="94" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9996FDA0FE042B53" author="Cordeiro" box="[199,412,529,551]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Cordeiro, R. T. S., CaStro, C. B. &amp; Perez, C. D. (2015) Deep-Water octocoralS (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family ChrySogorgiidae Verrill, 1883. Zootaxa, 4058 (1), 081 - 100." type="journal article" year="2015">
Cordeiro 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9876FDA3FEC22B53" box="[295,346,529,551]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
: 94
</treatmentCitation>
, 95 (tabular key).— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9BD8FDA0FC4B2B53" author="Buhl-MortenSen" box="[649,979,529,551]" page="39" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9BD8FDA0FC372B53" author="Buhl-MortenSen" box="[649,943,529,551]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Buhl-MortenSen, L., OlafSdottir, S. H., Buhl-MortenSen, P., BurgoS, J. M. &amp; RagnarSSon, S. A. (2015) DiStribution of nine cold- Water coral SpecieS (Scleractinia and Gorgonacea) in the cold temperate North Atlantic: effectS of bathymetry and hydrography. Hydrobiologia, 759, 39 - 61." type="journal article" year="2015">
Buhl-MortenSen 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9A6BFDA3FCF52B53" box="[826,877,529,551]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
: 39
</treatmentCitation>
–61, figS. 2f, 
<date id="7201BBB9FFCBFF9A9D08FDA0FBF72B53" box="[1113,1135,529,551]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3i</date>
, 4, 5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06009D79FFCBFF9A99C6FD81FD282B32" blockId="13.[151,1437,253,674]" box="[151,688,560,582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26AFBA57FFCBFF9A99C6FD81FD282B32" box="[151,688,560,582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6FD81FE352B32" box="[151,429,560,582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
? 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A99F1FD81FE322B32" ID-CoL="866LK" box="[160,426,560,582]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Lepidogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="challengeri">Lepidogorgia challengeri</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9897FD81FD342B32" author="JungerSen" box="[454,684,560,582]" page="1184" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9897FD81FDF52B32" author="JungerSen" box="[454,621,560,582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="JungerSen, H. F. E. (1915) Alcyonaria, Antipatharia og Madreporaria. ConSpectuS Faunae Groenlandicae. Meddelelser Gronland, 23, 1156 - 1212." type="journal article" year="1915">JungerSen, 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 1184
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06009D79FFCBFF9A99C6FDFFFD2E2BF7" blockId="13.[151,1437,253,674]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26AFBA57FFCBFF9A99C6FDFFFD2E2BF7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A99C6FDFFFED32B10" ID-CoL="4R944" baseAuthorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,331,590,612]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6FDFFFED32B10" box="[151,331,590,612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radicipes fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9838FDFFFDD32B10" author="Kukenthal" box="[361,587,590,612]" page="143" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9838FDFFFD802B10" author="Kukenthal" box="[361,536,590,612]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, 47, 1 - 478." type="journal article" year="1924">Kükenthal, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 143
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A9B3EFDFFFB882B10" author="Tixier-Durivault" box="[623,1040,590,612]" page="1410" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A9B3EFDFFFC572B10" author="Tixier-Durivault" box="[623,975,590,612]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. &amp; d'Hondt, M. J. (1975) LeS OctocoralliaireS de la champagne BiacoreS. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 174 (252), 1361 - 1433." type="journal article" year="1975">Tixier-Durivault &amp; d’Hondt, 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 1410
</treatmentCitation>
. —Braga-HenriqueS 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9DB6FDE1FA842B10" box="[1255,1308,590,613]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013: 4026 (liSted).— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A987DFDDCFDBF2BF7" author="Cordeiro" box="[300,551,621,643]" page="95" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A987DFDDCFD9C2BF7" author="Cordeiro" box="[300,516,621,643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Cordeiro, R. T. S., CaStro, C. B. &amp; Perez, C. D. (2015) Deep-Water octocoralS (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family ChrySogorgiidae Verrill, 1883. Zootaxa, 4058 (1), 081 - 100." type="journal article" year="2015">
Cordeiro 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A98DFFDDFFE5A2BF7" box="[398,450,621,643]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
: 95
</treatmentCitation>
(tabular key).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06009D79FFCBFF9A99C6FD3DFC172BD6" blockId="13.[151,1437,253,674]" box="[151,911,652,674]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26AFBA57FFCBFF9A99C6FD3DFC172BD6" box="[151,911,652,674]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6FD3DFEEB2BD6" box="[151,371,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A99C6FD3DFEF72BD6" ID-CoL="866LP" box="[151,367,652,674]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Lepidogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrilli">Lepidogorgia verrilli</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="871EBB68FFCBFF9A98DDFD3DFDCB2BD6" author="ThomSon" box="[396,595,652,674]" page="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFCBFF9A98DDFD3DFDB62BD6" author="ThomSon" box="[396,558,652,674]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="ThomSon, J. A. (1927) AlcyonaireS provenant deS campagneS ScientifiqueS du Prince Albert Ier de Monaco. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Albert I, 73, 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1927">ThomSon, 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 20
</treatmentCitation>
–21, pl. 3, fig. 18, pl. 5, fig. 20.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EA5CEF2FFCBFF9A99C6FD78FEC22AE1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="06009D79FFCBFF9A99C6FD78FE382A3A" blockId="13.[151,1437,713,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<materialsCitation id="B6D79724FFCBFF9A99C6FD78FE382A3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1632929367" collectionCode="YPM" elevation="1569" latitude="38.883335" location="Alb" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-69.39166" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="USNM 9118, USNM 8877, USNM 9350, USNM 26030, USNM 30283, USNM 33570, YPM 8768" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Massachusetts" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6FD78FE7A2B96" bold="true" box="[151,482,713,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="D90423DBFFCBFF9A99C6FD78FF442B96" box="[151,220,713,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Types</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="D90423DBFFCBFF9A9877FD78FEF92B96" box="[294,353,713,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
Localities
</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A98A6FD78FD522B96" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[503,714,713,738]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A98A6FD78FD522B96" box="[503,714,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radicipes gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<specimenCode id="56193502FFCBFF9A9BB1FD7BFCEE2B96" box="[736,886,714,738]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USNM 9118</specimenCode>
(
<typeStatus id="D90423DBFFCBFF9A9ADCFD7BFC722B96" box="[909,1002,714,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
), 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9D55FD78FBAC2B96" box="[1028,1076,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Alb-</emphasis>
2072, 
<geoCoordinate id="638BFBBEFFCBFF9A9DC1FD78FB762B96" box="[1168,1262,713,738]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="41.883335">41°53'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="638BFBBEFFCBFF9A9C50FD78FAFD2B96" box="[1281,1381,713,738]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="-65.583336">65°35'W</geoCoordinate>
(off 
<collectingRegion id="C47B539BFFCBFF9A99C6FD5CFEA62A72" box="[151,318,749,774]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
), 
<elevation id="8D927A4AFFCBFF9A9801FD5CFE302A71" box="[336,424,749,774]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.569" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1569.0">
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9801FD5CFE302A71" box="[336,424,749,774]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.569" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1569.0">1569 m</quantity>
</elevation>
; 
<specimenCode id="56193502FFCBFF9A98E2FD5FFDDD2A72" box="[435,581,750,774]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USNM 8877</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="56193502FFCBFF9A9B00FD5FFD7B2A72" box="[593,739,749,774]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USNM 9350</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="56193502FFCBFF9A9BBFFD5FFC172A72" box="[750,911,749,774]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USNM 26030</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="56193502FFCBFF9A9ACBFD5FFBA32A72" box="[922,1083,750,774]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USNM 30283</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="56193502FFCBFF9A9D17FD5FFB7E2A72" box="[1094,1254,749,774]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USNM 33570</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="56193502FFCBFF9A9DA0FD5FFAF52A72" box="[1265,1389,749,774]" collectionCode="YPM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">YPM 8768</specimenCode>
and 
<collectionCode id="60AE05BCFFCBFF9A99C6FCA3FF4C2A5D" box="[151,212,786,809]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">YPM</collectionCode>
10045 (
<typeStatus id="D90423DBFFCBFF9A9865FCA3FE032A5E" box="[308,411,786,810]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
), 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A98E1FCA0FE782A5E" box="[432,480,785,810]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Alb-</emphasis>
2037, 
<geoCoordinate id="638BFBBEFFCBFF9A9B78FCA0FD102A5E" box="[553,648,785,810]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="38.883335">38°53'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="638BFBBEFFCBFF9A9BC4FCA0FC872A5E" box="[661,799,785,810]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="15" value="-69.39166">69°23'30&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="8D927A4AFFCBFF9A9A7CFCA0FC1C2A5D" box="[813,900,785,810]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.166" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="3166.0">
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9A7CFCA0FC1C2A5D" box="[813,900,785,810]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.166" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="3166.0">3166 m</quantity>
</elevation>
(off 
<collectingRegion id="C47B539BFFCBFF9A9A91FCA0FBFF2A5E" box="[960,1127,785,810]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
); part of the 
<typeStatus id="D90423DBFFCBFF9A9DADFCA3FACB2A5E" box="[1276,1363,786,810]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
series (from 
<location id="0360CBA2FFCBFF9A998CFC84FE9C2A3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E162C6FFFCBFF8799C6FF26FDA62AB3:0360CBA2FFCBFF9A998CFC84FE9C2A3A" box="[221,260,821,846]" latitude="38.883335" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-69.39166" name="Alb" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A998CFC84FE9C2A3A" box="[221,260,821,846]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Alb</emphasis>
</location>
-2036) is lost.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06009D79FFCBFF9A9996FCE8FEC22AE1" blockId="13.[151,1437,713,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<materialsCitation id="B6D79724FFCBFF9A9996FCE8FEC22AE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1632929362" elevation="3063" latitude="38.416668" location="Azores" longLatPrecision="1175" longitude="-35.833332" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Azores" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A9996FCE8FE5D2A06" authorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" authorityYear="1889" baseAuthorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[199,453,857,882]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Strophogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9996FCE8FE5D2A06" box="[199,453,857,882]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Strophogorgia fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: BM 1889.5.27.4 (
<typeStatus id="D90423DBFFCBFF9A9BFBFCE8FC892A06" box="[682,785,857,882]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, one specimen), 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9A8DFCE8FBBB2A06" box="[988,1059,857,882]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chall-</emphasis>
70: 
<geoCoordinate id="638BFBBEFFCBFF9A9D05FCE8FB2E2A06" box="[1108,1206,857,882]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="38.416668">38°25’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="638BFBBEFFCBFF9A9D99FCE8FAB72A06" box="[1224,1327,857,882]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="-35.833332">35°50’W</geoCoordinate>
(west of 
<collectingRegion id="C47B539BFFCBFF9A99C6FCCFFF732AE2" box="[151,235,894,918]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Azores</collectingRegion>
), 
<elevation id="8D927A4AFFCBFF9A99ACFCCCFECE2AE1" box="[253,342,893,918]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.063" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="3063.0">
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A99ACFCCCFECE2AE1" box="[253,342,893,918]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.063" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="3063.0">3063 m</quantity>
</elevation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EA5CEF2FFCBFF9A9996FC10FADD2DE6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="06009D79FFCBFF9A9996FC10FADD2DE6" blockId="13.[151,1437,713,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9996FC10FE372ACE" bold="true" box="[199,431,929,954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material Examined</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A98ECFC10FE772ACE" box="[445,495,929,954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Del-</emphasis>
23, 39°55'55&quot;N, 67°11'W, 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9A49FC10FCF42ACD" box="[792,876,929,954]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.155" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1155.0">1155 m</quantity>
(USNM 1111944, YPM 35442 and YPM 36838); 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6FC74FF5F2AAA" box="[151,199,965,990]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Alb-</emphasis>
2569, 39°26'N, 68°03'30&quot;W, 3259 (USNM 11913 and YPM 10049); 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9A9CFC74FC672AAA" box="[973,1023,965,990]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Del-</emphasis>
29, 39°53'N, 67°23'W, 1395 (USNM 1110402); 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9843FC58FEA12D76" box="[274,313,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Alb</emphasis>
-2209, 39°34'45&quot;N, 71°31'30&quot;W, 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9BE6FC58FC972D75" box="[695,783,1001,1026]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.975" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1975.0">1975 m</quantity>
(USNM 8193 and YPM 10051); 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9DC9FC58FB272D76" box="[1176,1215,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Alb</emphasis>
-2570, 39°54'05&quot;N, 67°05'30&quot;W, 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9865FBBCFE082D51" box="[308,400,1037,1062]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.316" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="3316.0">3316 m</quantity>
(USNM 11914); 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9B3BFBBCFD092D52" box="[618,657,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Alb</emphasis>
-2575, 41°07'N, 65°26'30&quot;W, 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9AA7FBBFFBCA2D51" box="[1014,1106,1038,1062]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.128" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="3128.0">3128 m</quantity>
(USNM 11908); 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9C7DFBBCFACB2D52" box="[1324,1363,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Alb</emphasis>
-2563, 39°18'30&quot;N, 71°23'30&quot;W, 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A98ECFB80FD8A2D3D" box="[445,530,1073,1098]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.601" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2601.0">2601 m</quantity>
(USNM 11929 and YPM 10106); 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9AC5FB80FC242D3E" box="[916,956,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Del</emphasis>
-14, 39°53'N, 67°26'24&quot;W, depth unknown (USNM 
<date id="7201BBB9FFCBFF9A99AFFBE7FECF2D1A" box="[254,343,1110,1134]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="00-10-09">100900</date>
); 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9821FBE4FE002D1A" box="[368,408,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Del</emphasis>
-47-Bear, 39°52'58&quot;N, 67°25'58&quot;W, 
<date id="7201BBB9FFCBFF9A9A12FBE4FC232D1A" box="[835,955,1109,1134]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1195" valueMax="1402">1195-1402</date>
(USNM 1010390); 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9DFEFBE4FB652D1A" box="[1199,1277,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Del-24</emphasis>
, 39°52'12&quot;N, 67°20'18.6&quot;W, 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9810FBC8FE432DE5" box="[321,475,1145,1170]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.539" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.428" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1539.0" valueMax="1650.0" valueMin="1428.0">1428–1650 m</quantity>
(YPM 36783); 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A9BDFFBCBFD4E2DE5" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[654,726,1146,1169]" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Craniata" rank="superClass" superClass="Pisces">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9BDFFBCBFD4E2DE5" box="[654,726,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pisces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-16, 40°10'54&quot;N, 67°26'40.2&quot;W, 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9D14FBC8FB022DE5" box="[1093,1178,1145,1170]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9609999999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1961.0">1961 m</quantity>
(YPM 72083).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EA5CEF2FFCBFF9A9996FB2CFAD82E86" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="06009D79FFCBFF9A9996FB2CFD4E2E6E" blockId="13.[151,1437,713,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9996FB2CFEC92DC2" bold="true" box="[199,337,1181,1206]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description</emphasis>
. Colonies golden, stiff, tall, up to 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9BA5FB2FFCA72DC1" box="[756,831,1182,1206]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="90.0">90 cm</quantity>
in height, coiled in clockwise or counterclockwise manner; aXis 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9865FB73FE162DAD" box="[308,398,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
, maXimum diameter. Young colonies brittle and iridescent. Holdfast calcareous, profusely branched, usually thinner than aXis. Coenenchyme thin, fragile and easily detachable from aXis. At least one quarter of lower part of colony devoid of polyps. Distance between polyps about 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9D66FAB8FB172C55" box="[1079,1167,1289,1314]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
in proXimal portions to 10.0 mm distally. Polyps 2.5–5.0 mm long, cylindrical to slightly trumpet-shaped (
<figureCitation id="9E8481FCFFCBFF9A9D66FA9CFBE12C32" box="[1079,1145,1325,1350]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,235,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1427,235,1667]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. PolypS of Radicipes Spp. A, B: polypS of Radicipes challengeri (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889) (BMNH 1889.5.27.3, holotype, and USNM 57314, reSpectively); C: polyp of Radicipes stonei Sp. nov. (USNM 1418007, holotype); D: polyp of Radicipes kopelatos Cordeiro, Pérez &amp; CaStro, 2015 (MNRJ 8566, holotype); E – F: polypS of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884) (BMNH 1889.5. 27.4, holotype, including detail of the oral portion (E’), of Radicipes fragilis (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889) and, USNM 8877, Syntype of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884 )), reSpectively; G: polyp of Radicipes aureus Kükenthal, 1919 (ZMB 8565, holotype); H, H': polyp of Radicipes pleurocristatus StearnS, 1883 (BMNH 1889.5.27.2, holotype of Radicipes verrilli (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889 )) and detail of the oral portion, reSpectively; I, I': polypS of Radicipes pleurocristatus StearnS, 1883 (USNM 49464), full-Sized polypS, normal and fertile, reSpectively. Scale barS: A, H': 0.2 mm; B: 0.6 mm; C: 0.5 mm; D, E, G, H, I’: 1 mm; D', E’, F: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893041/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E–F), disposed in a single longitudinal line (polypar side), spaced 4.0–10.0 mm apart in a frequency of three to five per centimeter (usually three). Eight longitudinal rows of rods in the body wall of completely developed polyps, with adaXials usually less developed, 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9846FA2BFE342CC5" box="[279,428,1434,1458]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3999999999999995" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.43999999999999995" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.18">0.18–0.7 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9B4BFA28FD242CC5" box="[538,700,1433,1458]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.04" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.02">0.02–0.06 mm</quantity>
wide. Longest rods of body wall aligned with abaXial side, but no large supporting rods in abaXial side. AbaXial line from the lower portion of polyp to distal portion with four to siX juXtaposed pairs of rods in alternate lines, relatively homogeneous in size. Sclerite size decreases from abaXial to outer lateral rows. Inner lateral and adaXial rows composed of loosely placed rods, sometimes naked. Oral portion with rods similar in size to those from lower portion of polyp. Infrabasal and adaXial portions filled with flattened rods, slightly 8-shaped, 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A98F7F9FCFDD32F11" box="[422,587,1613,1638]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.205" valueMax="0.26" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.26 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9BECF9FCFCF92F11" box="[701,865,1613,1638]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.045" valueMax="0.05" valueMin="0.04">0.04–0.05 mm</quantity>
wide (
<figureCitation id="9E8481FCFFCBFF9A9AE1F9FCFC662F12" box="[944,1022,1613,1638]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[185,1407,193,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[185,1407,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. ScleriteS of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884) (USNM 8877, Syntype). A: rodS from polyp body Wall; B: flattened tentacular rodS; C: pinnular ScaleS. Scale barS: A, B: 0.1 mm; C: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893055/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
A, 10A). Infrabasal and abaXial rods with slightly flattened tips becoming more rounded and sparse in oral portion. AbaXial row of rods eXtending through coenenchyme between polyps, connecting them. Coenenchymal sclerites rare or completely absent, when present, similar to those of infrabasal and adaXial portions. Tentacular rods 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9AB7F90BFB112FA5" box="[998,1161,1722,1746]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.125" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.07">0.07–0.18 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9DA8F90BFA052FA5" box="[1273,1437,1722,1746]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.025" valueMax="0.04" valueMin="0.01">0.01–0.04 mm</quantity>
wide, becoming flatter in proXimal-distal wall (
<figureCitation id="9E8481FCFFCBFF9A9BE3F96CFC992F82" box="[690,769,1757,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[185,1407,193,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[185,1407,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. ScleriteS of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884) (USNM 8877, Syntype). A: rodS from polyp body Wall; B: flattened tentacular rodS; C: pinnular ScaleS. Scale barS: A, B: 0.1 mm; C: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893055/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
B, 10C). Pinnules filled with small scales, 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9DB9F96FFAE62F81" box="[1256,1406,1758,1782]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.115" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.13 mm</quantity>
in length and 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9842F8B3FE2E2E6D" box="[275,438,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.025" valueMax="0.04" valueMin="0.01">0.01–0.04 mm</quantity>
in width (
<figureCitation id="9E8481FCFFCBFF9A9B78F8B0FDEF2E6E" box="[553,631,1793,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[185,1407,193,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[185,1407,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. ScleriteS of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884) (USNM 8877, Syntype). A: rodS from polyp body Wall; B: flattened tentacular rodS; C: pinnular ScaleS. Scale barS: A, B: 0.1 mm; C: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893055/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
C, 10B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06009D79FFCBFF9A9996F894FAD82E86" blockId="13.[151,1437,713,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9996F894FEFD2E4A" bold="true" box="[199,357,1829,1854]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Comparisons</emphasis>
. Colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A9B59F897FD192E4A" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[520,641,1829,1854]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9B59F897FD192E4A" box="[520,641,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from the Atlantic species 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A9D54F897FB3F2E4A" box="[1029,1191,1829,1854]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Lepidogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="challengeri">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9D54F897FB3F2E4A" box="[1029,1191,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. challengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A9DB7F897FAED2E4A" authorityName="Cordeiro, Castro &amp; Perez" authorityYear="2015" box="[1254,1397,1829,1854]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kopelatos">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9DB7F897FAED2E4A" box="[1254,1397,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. kopelatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having larger polyps (Table 1) and by having their body wall densely filled with sclerites (
<figureCitation id="9E8481FCFFCBFF9A9DF8F8F8FB682E16" box="[1193,1264,1865,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,235,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1427,235,1667]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. PolypS of Radicipes Spp. A, B: polypS of Radicipes challengeri (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889) (BMNH 1889.5.27.3, holotype, and USNM 57314, reSpectively); C: polyp of Radicipes stonei Sp. nov. (USNM 1418007, holotype); D: polyp of Radicipes kopelatos Cordeiro, Pérez &amp; CaStro, 2015 (MNRJ 8566, holotype); E – F: polypS of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884) (BMNH 1889.5. 27.4, holotype, including detail of the oral portion (E’), of Radicipes fragilis (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889) and, USNM 8877, Syntype of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884 )), reSpectively; G: polyp of Radicipes aureus Kükenthal, 1919 (ZMB 8565, holotype); H, H': polyp of Radicipes pleurocristatus StearnS, 1883 (BMNH 1889.5.27.2, holotype of Radicipes verrilli (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889 )) and detail of the oral portion, reSpectively; I, I': polypS of Radicipes pleurocristatus StearnS, 1883 (USNM 49464), full-Sized polypS, normal and fertile, reSpectively. Scale barS: A, H': 0.2 mm; B: 0.6 mm; C: 0.5 mm; D, E, G, H, I’: 1 mm; D', E’, F: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893041/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Although the longest polyps in 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A980DF8DFFE7E2EF2" authorityName="Cordeiro, Castro &amp; Perez" authorityYear="2015" box="[348,486,1901,1926]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kopelatos">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A980DF8DFFE7E2EF2" box="[348,486,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. kopelatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reach up to 
<quantity id="C147309CFFCBFF9A9B3EF8DFFD5F2EF1" box="[623,711,1902,1926]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
, most polyps in a colony are very short in comparison to those in 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A99C6F823FE932EDE" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,267,1937,1962]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6F823FE932EDE" box="[151,267,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, usually half their length. As well, the aXis diameter in 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A9A2AF823FC682EDE" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[891,1008,1937,1962]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A9A2AF823FC682EDE" box="[891,1008,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is usually thicker. The Pacific species 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFCBFF9A99C6F804FECB2EB9" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,339,1973,1998]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stonei">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFCBFF9A99C6F804FECB2EB9" box="[151,339,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radicipes stonei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a similar polyp shape, but differs in having one or two long supporting rods in the lower abaXial side, having irregular infrabasal flattened rods, and having body wall rods with at least one flat tip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="52C0CDF1FFC8FF9999C6F81CFC102E96" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893055/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[185,1407,193,1949]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="06009D79FFC8FF9999C6F81CFC102E96" blockId="14.[151,1436,1965,2018]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFC8FF9999C6F81CFE8B2EB6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1965,1987]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
ScleriteS of 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFC8FF9998C5F81CFD7B2EB7" authority="(Verrill, 1884)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1884" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[404,739,1965,1987]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFC8FF9998C5F81CFDD32EB7" box="[404,587,1965,1987]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Radicipes gracilis</emphasis>
(Verrill, 1884)
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 8877, Syntype). A: rodS from polyp body Wall; B: flattened tentacular rodS; C: pinnular ScaleS. Scale barS: A, B: 0.1 mm; C: 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="52C0CDF1FFC9FF9899C6F80EFB732E80" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893057/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1962]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="06009D79FFC9FF9899C6F80EFB732E80" blockId="15.[151,1436,1983,2036]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFC9FF9899C6F80EFEBB2EA0" bold="true" box="[151,291,1983,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
ScleriteS of 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFC9FF9898FDF80EFC9D2EA1" authority="(Verrill, 1884)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1884" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[428,773,1983,2005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFC9FF9898FDF80EFDFE2EA1" box="[428,614,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Radicipes gracilis</emphasis>
(Verrill, 1884)
</taxonomicName>
(BMNH1889.5.27.4, holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFC9FF989D3DF870FF452E80" authority="(Wright &amp; Studer, 1889))" authorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" authorityYear="1889" baseAuthorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Strophogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFC9FF989D3DF870FB4D2EA1" box="[1132,1237,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. fragilis</emphasis>
(Wright &amp; Studer, 1889))
</taxonomicName>
. A: rodS from body Wall; B: pinnular ScaleS; C: tentacular rodS. Scale barS: A,C: 0.1 mm; B: 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="4EA5CEF2FFD6FF879996FF26FB1B2AF4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="06009D79FFD6FF879996FF26FACB2B84" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879996FF26FEAC29C4" bold="true" box="[199,308,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF879814FF26FD8B29C4" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[325,531,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879814FF26FD8B29C4" box="[325,531,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Radicipes gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most frequently recorded species in the genus, with at least 12 records presented herein and several others gleaned from the literature (
<figureCitation id="9E8481FCFFD6FF879A2EFF0DFC5E29A0" box="[895,966,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,912,934]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,231,846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,217,860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. DiStributional range of Radicipes recordS baSed on localitieS of the SpecimenS herein examined (orange circleS) aS Well aS geo-referenced data compiled from literature (WilliamS, 1992; MortenSen et al., 2007; Altuna, 2010; Watling et al., 2011; Rueda et al., 2012; AlderSlade et al., 2014; Gonzalez-MireliS &amp; Buhl-MortenSen, 2015) and the Ocean Biogeographic Information SyStem—OBIS (yelloW circleS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893043/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, Supplementary file). Most studies have treated mid-Atlantic (
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF8798D9FF50FE60298C" authorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" authorityYear="1889" baseAuthorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[392,504,223,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Strophogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF8798D9FF50FE60298C" box="[392,504,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and western Atlantic (
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF879BAFFF50FCEA298C" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[766,882,223,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879BAFFF50FCEA298C" box="[766,882,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) populations as separate species. Nonetheless, no revisions including eXaminations of both 
<typeStatus id="D90423DBFFD6FF879B25FEB4FD372869" box="[628,687,261,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">types</typeStatus>
have been carried out until now. The 
<typeStatus id="D90423DBFFD6FF879D3DFEB4FB042869" box="[1132,1180,261,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
remains of 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF879C78FEB4FA042869" authorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" authorityYear="1889" baseAuthorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1321,1436,260,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Strophogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879C78FEB4FA042869" box="[1321,1436,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consist of just a fragment of tissue (no aXis) with several polyps. But this is enough to determine that the 
<typeStatus id="D90423DBFFD6FF879C69FE99FAEB2834" box="[1336,1395,296,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">types</typeStatus>
are indistinguishable (compare 
<figureCitation id="9E8481FCFFD6FF87988DFEFDFDBD2810" box="[476,549,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,235,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1427,235,1667]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. PolypS of Radicipes Spp. A, B: polypS of Radicipes challengeri (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889) (BMNH 1889.5.27.3, holotype, and USNM 57314, reSpectively); C: polyp of Radicipes stonei Sp. nov. (USNM 1418007, holotype); D: polyp of Radicipes kopelatos Cordeiro, Pérez &amp; CaStro, 2015 (MNRJ 8566, holotype); E – F: polypS of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884) (BMNH 1889.5. 27.4, holotype, including detail of the oral portion (E’), of Radicipes fragilis (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889) and, USNM 8877, Syntype of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884 )), reSpectively; G: polyp of Radicipes aureus Kükenthal, 1919 (ZMB 8565, holotype); H, H': polyp of Radicipes pleurocristatus StearnS, 1883 (BMNH 1889.5.27.2, holotype of Radicipes verrilli (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889 )) and detail of the oral portion, reSpectively; I, I': polypS of Radicipes pleurocristatus StearnS, 1883 (USNM 49464), full-Sized polypS, normal and fertile, reSpectively. Scale barS: A, H': 0.2 mm; B: 0.6 mm; C: 0.5 mm; D, E, G, H, I’: 1 mm; D', E’, F: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893041/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E,E’ with 2F and 
<figureCitation id="9E8481FCFFD6FF879A57FEFDFCD62810" box="[774,846,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[185,1407,193,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[185,1407,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. ScleriteS of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884) (USNM 8877, Syntype). A: rodS from polyp body Wall; B: flattened tentacular rodS; C: pinnular ScaleS. Scale barS: A, B: 0.1 mm; C: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893055/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
with 
<figureCitation id="9E8481FCFFD6FF879ACAFEFDFC6D2810" box="[923,1013,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1962]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. ScleriteS of Radicipes gracilis (Verrill, 1884) (BMNH 1889.5.27.4, holotype of R. fragilis (Wright &amp; Studer, 1889 )). A: rodS from body Wall; B: pinnular ScaleS; C: tentacular rodS. Scale barS: A, C: 0.1 mm; B: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893057/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Several misconceptions about the morphological features of 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF879896FEC0FDA728FC" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[455,575,367,392]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879896FEC0FDA728FC" box="[455,575,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be seen in the available literature. 
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFD6FF879D58FEDEFAF428FC" author="Thomson" box="[1033,1388,367,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="ThomSon, J. A. &amp; HenderSon, W. D. (1906) An account of the AlcyonarianS collected by the Royal Indian Survey Ship InveStigator in the Indian Ocean. Part 1. The Alcyonarians of the Deep Sea. Indian MuSeum, Calcutta, 132 pp." type="book" year="1906">Thomson &amp; Henderson (1906)</bibRefCitation>
, for eXample, implied that the species has more coenenchymal sclerites than 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF879AADFE24FB5128D9" authorityName="Stearns" authorityYear="1883" box="[1020,1225,404,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pleurocristatus">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879AADFE24FB5128D9" box="[1020,1225,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. pleurocristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFD6FF879C41FE25FEC228A4" author="Thomson" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="ThomSon, J. A. &amp; HenderSon, W. D. (1906) An account of the AlcyonarianS collected by the Royal Indian Survey Ship InveStigator in the Indian Ocean. Part 1. The Alcyonarians of the Deep Sea. Indian MuSeum, Calcutta, 132 pp." type="book" year="1906">Thomson &amp; Henderson, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: p. 27, comparative table of species of 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF879A5EFE06FC3E28A4" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1884" box="[783,934,439,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Lepidogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879A5EFE06FC3E28A4" box="[783,934,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lepidogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFD6FF879D06FE06FA9A28A4" author="Madsen" box="[1111,1282,439,464]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="MadSen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia. Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (13), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen (1944)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFD6FF879C69FE06FEBA2881" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Cordeiro, R. T. S., CaStro, C. B. &amp; Perez, C. D. (2015) Deep-Water octocoralS (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family ChrySogorgiidae Verrill, 1883. Zootaxa, 4058 (1), 081 - 100." type="journal article">
Cordeiro 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF8799C6FE6CFF572881" box="[151,207,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
, the main differences between the two species can be seen in the measurements of the polyps, twice as long in 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF8799A3FDB0FEF12B6C" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[242,361,511,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF8799A3FDB0FEF12B6C" box="[242,361,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the longer body wall rods in 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF879A50FDB0FB1C2B6C" authority="(Cordeiro et al., 2015)" authorityName="Cordeiro et al." authorityYear="2015" box="[769,1156,511,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Strophogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879A50FDB0FCEC2B6C" box="[769,884,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. fragilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFD6FF879AD4FE4EFBE52B6C" author="Cordeiro" box="[901,1149,511,536]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Cordeiro, R. T. S., CaStro, C. B. &amp; Perez, C. D. (2015) Deep-Water octocoralS (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family ChrySogorgiidae Verrill, 1883. Zootaxa, 4058 (1), 081 - 100." type="journal article" year="2015">
Cordeiro 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879AA5FDB0FBB72B6C" box="[1012,1071,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. We understand that the ‘polyp distinction’ is due to the measurements given by 
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFD6FF879A5AFD95FC2F2B48" author="Madsen" box="[779,951,548,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="MadSen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia. Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (13), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen (1944)</bibRefCitation>
, which included tentacles in the total polyp length determination, whereas no other author has included the tentacles to describe this character. Actually, both species have the same polypar length range, from 2.5 to 4.0 mm, not 5.0 to 10.0 mm as stated by Madsen. Rods from the body wall were slightly longer in the 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF879BF2FD20FC8B2BDC" box="[675,787,655,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Strophogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879BF2FD20FC8B2BDC" box="[675,787,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="D90423DBFFD6FF879A4BFD21FCD32BDC" box="[794,843,656,680]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
(up to 
<quantity id="C147309CFFD6FF879ACDFD21FB9F2BD3" box="[924,1031,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.75">0. 75 mm</quantity>
long, whereas usually just up to 
<quantity id="C147309CFFD6FF879C28FD3EFF5B2BB8" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
in western Atlantic specimens). Even though we only eXamined one mid-Atlantic colony, we consider it to be the same species, considering the sclerite size to be more related to age of the colony and seXual maturation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06009D79FFD6FF879996FD4CFB1B2AF4" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
It remains to be seen if the sequenced mid-Atlantic specimen ‘VER2041’ (
<bibRefCitation id="622EE088FFD6FF879D6DFD4DFA892A60" author="Pante" box="[1084,1297,764,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Pante, E., France, S., Couloux, A., Cruaud, C., McFadden, C. S., Samadi, S. &amp; Watling, L. (2012) Deep-Sea origin and in-Situ diverSification of chrySogorgiid octocoralS. PLoS ONE, 7 (6), e 38357." type="journal article" year="2012">
Pante 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879DD9FD4CFB5C2A61" box="[1160,1220,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012
</bibRefCitation>
) fits our 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF879CD5FD4CFF752A4C" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879CD5FD4CFF752A4C" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
definition, or 
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF8798C2FC90FDA32A4C" box="[403,571,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF8798C2FC90FDAE2A4C" box="[403,566,799,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Lepidogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="challengeri">R. challengeri</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
or is a different species. Considering Pante’s phylogenies, in the first case, one could consider treating 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF879881FCF4FDDC2A29" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[464,580,836,861]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879881FCF4FDDC2A29" box="[464,580,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a cryptic species compleX or one could suggest the reestablishment of 
<taxonomicName id="C1BFE6FAFFD6FF879CD5FCF4FF702AF4" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Strophogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879CD5FCF4FF702AF4" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid name. Our eXaminations however do not allow us to keep both as valid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EA5CEF2FFD6FF879996FC3DFDA62AB3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="06009D79FFD6FF879996FC3DFDA62AB3" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="34CB416BFFD6FF879996FC3DFEC12AD1" bold="true" box="[199,345,908,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
. In western Atlantic from 
<collectingRegion id="C47B539BFFD6FF879BF7FC3DFCCD2AD1" box="[678,853,908,933]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
to 
<collectingCountry id="7EA8DDE9FFD6FF879AD9FC3DFC782AD1" box="[904,992,908,933]" name="Canada" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Canada</collectingCountry>
; Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Seamounts and 
<collectingCountry id="7EA8DDE9FFD6FF8799C6FC1EFF6E2ABC" box="[151,246,943,968]" name="Portugal" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="C47B539BFFD6FF879854FC01FEC12ABC" box="[261,345,944,968]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Azores</collectingRegion>
), from 
<quantity id="C147309CFFD6FF8798FBFC1EFDA22AB3" box="[426,570,943,968]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8794999999999997" metricValueMax="3.2589999999999995" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1879.5" valueMax="3259.0" valueMin="500.0">500–3259 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>