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<mods:title id="735DAF1E4B24B3EF1D39610B7EDE7D09">On the molecular and morphological evolution of continental and insular Cryptorchestia species, with an additional description of C. garbinii (Talitridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="806A51F787AA2CC96E926ABD627F5CF1">Davolos, Domenico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0C4C15CF3173FAB0EC0FBC63564F1CC">Matthaeis, Elvira De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D775358197AAA43A8A441120C78D3B6">Latella, Leonardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17694223013F02362DB32D15665971B1">Tarocco, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="8D92EDC95E84DB3B5ECF8C9F15D57D08" ID-GBIF-Taxon="147507663" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8D92EDC95E84DB3B5ECF8C9F15D57D08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D92EDC95E84DB3B5ECF8C9F15D57D08" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection id="9DC9343D41CD68972CEDB49C2A5BFD3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="88930DE06907D9322044C72D3660A2C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="69AEAB2B1AB8BA1E8E8C4F2813BBC537" ID-CoL="6BLKS" authority="Ruffo, Tarocco &amp; Latella, 2014" authorityName="Ruffo, Tarocco &amp; Latella" authorityYear="2014" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Cryptorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptorchestia garbinii" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garbinii">Cryptorchestia garbinii Ruffo, Tarocco &amp; Latella, 2014</taxonomicName>
Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8A26DE612C6E9734B6D90D890425961" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="localities">
<paragraph id="54D6F7043E49AD1CEC5F566E37B7DCDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Localities.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BCF03BEFF6FC88C7AA4294A396346429" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
The specimens of
<taxonomicName id="9E848C7C27DB479FB8AFC969FD0DAED9" lsidName="C. garbinii" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="garbinii">C. garbinii</taxonomicName>
reported from Turkey were distributed in Lake Iznik (Bursa Province), Lake Sapanca (Sakarya province), and in a stream near
<normalizedToken id="B9ED30F1543A77DE169B015102B6233C" originalValue="Kiyiköy">Kiyikoey</normalizedToken>
(Kirklareli province) (Fig. 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3BB69E0404D1E169FC2D5D6880FC2A81" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4C7D12796B90C07B6D00AD63391883A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Material used for morphological description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B715FBE51D43439793F5F89F314A567E" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">One male of 12 mm, one female of 13 mm from Iznik Lake, coordinates 40°24'20.39&quot;-29°41'52.75&quot;, date 28 VIII 2003; one male of 16 mm from Sapanca Lake, 40°42'16.74&quot;-30°11'36.14&quot;, 24 VIII 2003. Additional specimens: 6 males, 4 females of Lake Iznik; 6 males, 4 females from Lake Sapanca (Table 1).</paragraph>
<caption id="A8D1558B42AAFC768CF8245B5A93FE7F" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="DAB9AF352EC6F7C059818AB6F6115AE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
Table 1.
<taxonomicName id="F348BE6568BF405279CE43A86A7DD4A2" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Cryptorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptorchestia garbinii" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garbinii">Cryptorchestia garbinii</taxonomicName>
from Turkey. Measurements of body lengths and antennae, showing differences in male and female individuals.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="170B85D9F7A26092D26B2C5D6DBEB5F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<table id="6917C8A5FED6553B0332E3D49E455F28" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<tr id="977B1AFF671AA424DD2375582593A2A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<th id="13C15AD217B5E3C725570CCB7316CFC1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Sex</th>
<th id="D90EB197A5D19D500E74217A834E6713" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Total length (mm)</th>
<th id="6D80FF9A61D2F0331736A5E3496AD4F4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Ant. I length</th>
<th id="B622901F1BEB1D0B490A7FAD0D2446D2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Ant. II length</th>
<th id="258D86A9D97FEBB0FB88865DE89E0F54" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Locality</th>
</tr>
<tr id="157F725BF0C1049FAD61D69CBEF9944D" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<td id="F061B46B7F7DBABF37C3C716409CE384" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
<td id="0FC9A6A17220026EE1310BE8D22F4B55" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">14.58</td>
<td id="74E6AEFA8FE892E814CED5A16B50941A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">1.56</td>
<td id="BFE9AD4C41546F08C31DF8DEC1F1B779" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">6.17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0B60701205BF524EB1316B7757753277" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<td id="907C1D3ACD31BF4B3B5AA4383C7B4F65" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
<td id="395BBC11AB6BAC4F503BAA3AA05D04A3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">13.10</td>
<td id="86364D43991B0B79A95CE0CC81674535" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">1.22</td>
<td id="6A911DEA384FAB17862DDCEB12BCE028" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">4.21</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="075242B7D1142B546E7CD152ACF44BD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="66D86827FB4E0642C1645E225E6FF9E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FFA64D5AAC3E73515A7D11570531156" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="05073ADB9256CE70B085234D754BAAFF" family="Talitridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="family">Talitridae</taxonomicName>
, with antenna I shorter than the combined peduncle segments of antenna II; accessory flagellum absent; mandible without palp, left mandible with 5-dentate lacinia mobilis; maxilla I with nine setae on inner lobe; maxilliped palp article IV reduced; gnathopod I male with a small, partially transparent lobe on merus; pereopod IV with bulged inner margin of dactylus; pereopods 3-7 cuspidactylate; telson variable in shape, longer than wide in holotype from Lake Garda, wider than long in the Turkish populations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9AE40EA12EEAEDE305A36CE616E4AA8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB54D962B58C10E3E9ABDCFB8B54A2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Additional description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA0E4497E7ABFE14166C1BAF09573CAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Based on adult males with an average length of 14.58 mm (Table 1). Head.Antenna I (Fig. 3A) flagellum with five to seven articles. Antenna II (Fig. 3B) little shorter than half of the body length, peduncle article V longer than article IV, flagellum with 16-21 articles. Labrum (Fig. 3C) and labium (Fig. 3D) with very fine setules on anterior margin. Mandible (Fig. 3E, F) left with 5-dentate lacinia mobilis and 5-dentate pars incisiva, right mandible with multi-teethed lacinia mobilis. Maxilla I (Fig. 3G) with nine robust and crenelated setae on inner lobe. Maxilla II (Fig. 3H) with numerous apical setae, a long and finely pinnate seta on inner margin of inner lobe. Maxilliped (Figs 3I, 7C) basal lobe with three blunt teeth on anterior margin, axial margin lined with robust setae armed with setules; palp article IV reduced, but clearly visible.</paragraph>
<caption id="727EE1AF0D2502A2A10930D8F9653494" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="49E3BB5496E4F253D9542AEB7F14D621" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName id="0C11075563891CA8412453B4B4D4B3BD" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Cryptorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptorchestia garbinii" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garbinii">Cryptorchestia garbinii</taxonomicName>
, male 12 mm, Lake Iznik. A antenna I B antenna 2 C upper lip D lower lip E left mandible F right mandible G maxilla I H maxilla II I maxilliped J gnathopod II
<normalizedToken id="55F678EC0470D5FFB62A9D15D16FA580" originalValue="J">J'</normalizedToken>
gnathopod II, detail.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2C5079BE2674E7F4ED16BCA7798EF055" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Coxae. Coxal plate I (Fig. 4B) with irregularly placed larger and smaller setae on distal margin. Coxal plates II-IV wider than deep (Figs 3J, 5A, B), plate V elongated, bilobate (Fig. 5C), plates VI and VII smaller (Fig. 5D, E).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6527D76200DF95B8C5C73F65A87E230F" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
Pereon.Gnathopod I male (Figs 4A, B, 7B) sexually dimorphic, subchelate; merus with small, partly transparent lobe on posterior margin; carpus with four or more setae on posterior margin, lobe present; propodus with sinoid palm in the 12 mm, but straight in 16 mm individual, and with a transparent lobe covering almost the entire palmar margin; dactylus as long as anterolateral margin of the propodus. Gnathopod II (Figs 3J, 7A), subchelate; propodus oviform, palmar margin with shallow sinus in the anterodistal part; Pereopods 3-4 (Figs 5A, B, 7D) with pereopod III slightly longer; dactylus in pereopod IV with bulged inner margin. Pereopod V (Fig. 5C) with wide basis; merus and carpus with pairs of robust setae on both sides of distal margins. Pereopods
<normalizedToken id="0CF2C2DAC71E7439F7655273386717AA" originalValue="IIIVII">III-VII</normalizedToken>
cuspidactylate. Pereopod VI (Fig. 5D) shorter than pereopod VII; coxa with small inside lobe; basis wide; carpus of same length as propodus. Pereopod VII (Fig. 5E) basis wide with distinct, rounded posterodistal lobe; propodus longer than carpus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="99AA74CA168736834B240C3E8AE6772C" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="1E635FCEDF789F375010660DB5799798" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName id="EC06E44EB49E2BABFB0C4DE93F568C48" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Cryptorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptorchestia garbinii" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garbinii">Cryptorchestia garbinii</taxonomicName>
, male 12 mm, Lake Iznik. A gnathopod I, outside left B gnathopod I, inside right C female 13 mm, Lake Iznik, gnathopod I D gnathopod II.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="904E0D6813CAFA30320B0576CA92359C" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="1178F39E7D76261D1C1D8915C92A07C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
Figure 5.
<taxonomicName id="686CA68AC10B7AE550C335A12CD05F53" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Cryptorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptorchestia garbinii" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garbinii">Cryptorchestia garbinii</taxonomicName>
, male 12 mm, Lake Iznik. A pereopod III B pereopod IV
<normalizedToken id="FAFF8EF804A3EC00F0C4B5E67B7C2C44" originalValue="B">B'</normalizedToken>
pereopod IV, detail dactylus C pereopod V D pereopod VI E pereopod VII
<normalizedToken id="CDD44A32D9C14FA2D92AE21D76B7D419" originalValue="E">E'</normalizedToken>
pereopod VII, carpus, propodus, and dactylus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="30F60DB8E3610EF15D304E6178BD767A" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Pleon.Epimeral plates (Fig. VIA, B), posterior margins weakly crenulate. Pleopods I-III (Fig. 6B) well developed, biramous; rami with slender setae; inner ramus slightly shorter than outer. Uropod I (Fig. 6C) with two rows of seven axial setae on peduncle; rami of equal length, with three to four apical setae (of which one on the inner ramus longer than others). Uropod II (Fig. 6D) peduncle with one row of four axial setae; rami of equal length, outer ramus with four apical setae of which two small, inner ramus with two apical setae. Uropod III (Figs 6E, 7E) peduncle with three to four distolateral setae, ramus with four apical setae of which one long, and two additional lateral setae in 16 mm individual. Telson (Figs 6F, G, 7F) wider than long, dorsal midline cleft, five to eight marginal and distal setae per lobe of which two regular on the apex.</paragraph>
<caption id="C922A4F312930403B1419A26D7F80068" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="FEE2FE8F5FB5E4FAE2E8DAE7C842CE04" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
Figure 6.
<taxonomicName id="AF55A3AE79F9353D0E454D91EE98AF33" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Cryptorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptorchestia garbinii" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garbinii">Cryptorchestia garbinii</taxonomicName>
, male 12 mm, Lake Iznik. A epimeral plates I and II B pleopod II C uropod I D uropod II E uropod III F telson G female 13 mm, Lake Iznik, telson.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B712D34ABD57714BFB8936C80407759A" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="98496BAF0B37F3141872C17C08AC8C64" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
Figure 7.
<taxonomicName id="BA1A39061708E8DD769810E994484D64" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Cryptorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptorchestia garbinii" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garbinii">Cryptorchestia garbinii</taxonomicName>
, male 16 mm, Lake Iznik. A gnathopod II, palmar margin and dactylus B gnathopod I C maxilliped D pereopod IV, propodus and dactylus E uropod III F telson.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="026981421D8E98B5E28A223FC3663180" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Female. Based on adult females with an average length of 13.10 mm (Table 1). Antenna I short, 1.22 mm length in average, flagellum with four articles. Antenna II long, 4.21 mm in average. Gnathopod I (Fig. 4C) subchelate; coxal plate lower margin with irregularly placed prominent setae; basis rectangular with several short setae; carpus with one robust and long seta between several smaller on lower margin; propodus with three bundled groups on the palmar margin; dactylus with unguis longer than palm. Gnathopod II (Fig. 4D), basis large, with strongly curved anterolateral margin; merus with lobe or patch with fine structures resembling a rasp surface; carpus and propodus expanded, with lateral lobes, propodus with rounded frontal margin and small claw.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EE742AFB458B18AEC0ECD0043BC2FCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="A5792B9A147F31E447A927FE4D89FDB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3506026D65FABFA1037E4B1C7BCE64AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">The specimens from the Turkish lakes Iznik and Sapanca show some slight morphological differences compared to the Lake Garda (type locality) specimens. We interpret this as intraspecific variation. The lobe on the merus of the first gnathopod is smaller in the 12 mm male (Fig. 4B) than in the 16 mm male, especially when the twist in the carpus-propodus part relative to the merus forces the gnathopod to appear in an angle on a mounting slide. The feature is clearer in SEM photographs where it shows a rugose patch.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="23FF6B1C2EAE7F7E70439884A7FCF217" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
The specimens from Turkey were also compared to the geographically more adjacent freshwater species
<taxonomicName id="8E8E2684D0625E3EA64DBF6DB269904A" lsidName="C. ruffoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="ruffoi">C. ruffoi</taxonomicName>
from the island of Rhodes, Greece, to
<taxonomicName id="181B77CE5A84613EC048BB3A2E8B270F" lsidName="C. cavimana" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="cavimana">C. cavimana</taxonomicName>
from Cyprus, and to
<taxonomicName id="536D0CC13F7B5B64187B95EACEF35810" lsidName="C. kosswigi" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="kosswigi">C. kosswigi</taxonomicName>
(Ruffo, 1949) from the Hatay province in southern Turkey. Differences are: a small lobe on merus of gnathopod I in male (large in
<taxonomicName id="6CE6764CF02630E2506D9F590E078A50" lsidName="C. ruffoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="ruffoi">C. ruffoi</taxonomicName>
, not mentioned as present in
<taxonomicName id="740FB6215203EE9565CE4001022954B5" lsidName="C. cavimana" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="cavimana">C. cavimana</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="408026D1E5908536534D41AA50F045BE" author="Heller, C" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-koeniglichen Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="979 - 984" title="Kleine Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Suesswasser-Amphipoden." volume="15" year="1865">Heller (1865)</bibRefCitation>
in his German text but vaguely present in the figures); antenna I with 5-7 segmented flagellum (5-6 in
<taxonomicName id="22587359882AD6F73DD152B7FD73A7F8" lsidName="C. garbinii" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="garbinii">C. garbinii</taxonomicName>
of Lake Garda, four in
<taxonomicName id="ED155394AC3E9F79F1EF76A62E4D29FA" lsidName="C. ruffoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="ruffoi">C. ruffoi</taxonomicName>
, six in
<taxonomicName id="3AA4C1C65EEE5601865A984393C1E46C" lsidName="C. cavimana" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="cavimana">C. cavimana</taxonomicName>
, six in
<taxonomicName id="961FE7C780705D0FF28707779E734634" lsidName="C. kosswigi" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="kosswigi">C. kosswigi</taxonomicName>
); pereopods
<normalizedToken id="FC95BB5003690B839E3B19BA75EB7D0D" originalValue="VVII">V-VII</normalizedToken>
with wide bases and of short and stubby appearance (less wide in
<taxonomicName id="DD0FB584642A7CEABCF7FEB1B73DD1DC" lsidName="C. garbinii" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="garbinii">C. garbinii</taxonomicName>
of Lake Garda,
<taxonomicName id="260E00D254DA929415D05B6288209101" lsidName="C. ruffoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="ruffoi">C. ruffoi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB47BF4245CF83E75BC03AE080D0BF70" lsidName="C. cavimana" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="cavimana">C. cavimana</taxonomicName>
, broad in
<taxonomicName id="0FC248D9B83957F382404ACA7DCA6D01" lsidName="C. kosswigi" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="kosswigi">C. kosswigi</taxonomicName>
but here the other segments are long and slender); gnathopod II female with very broad and rounded basis (less in
<taxonomicName id="9685D2CD1B8792851021DBD8B90A151E" lsidName="C. ruffoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="ruffoi">C. ruffoi</taxonomicName>
, not mentioned in
<taxonomicName id="229191242FE131E8AD7106236B4B6B00" lsidName="C. cavimana" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="cavimana">C. cavimana</taxonomicName>
, but prominently present in the
<taxonomicName id="96A82E5B31ADEDD977B86DDEC4E0D99F" lsidName="C. cavimana" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="cavimana">C. cavimana</taxonomicName>
that was partly redescribed from the British Isles (
<bibRefCitation id="6BEC87EED53396AE937E77832523765C" author="Lincoln, RJ" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" title="British Marine Amphipoda: Gammaridea. No. 818." year="1979">Lincoln 1979</bibRefCitation>
), and present to a lesser extent in
<taxonomicName id="8436DD2472501CB3152D0019D7A8826F" lsidName="C. kosswigi" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="kosswigi">C. kosswigi</taxonomicName>
); pereopod IV with clear bulge on dactylus (not mentioned in
<taxonomicName id="B7BA63E471E77A10178F9803A51F6231" lsidName="C. garbinii" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="garbinii">C. garbinii</taxonomicName>
of Garda lake, not present in
<taxonomicName id="8D3E343F953D98743F0DA494200F8B67" lsidName="C. ruffoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="ruffoi">C. ruffoi</taxonomicName>
and not mentioned in
<taxonomicName id="0BC7542657FCFF55AAB158ADDB6301CC" lsidName="C. cavimana" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="cavimana">C. cavimana</taxonomicName>
, present in
<taxonomicName id="57E5E7CA87252738E06267B7E4512F19" lsidName="C. kosswigi" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="kosswigi">C. kosswigi</taxonomicName>
). We consider these differences as interspecific variation of morphological features.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>