181 lines
19 KiB
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181 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="189636" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70afdf3c-d3d7-46c5-9508-28af73138ff4" ID-PMC="PMC9836709" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1130-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" ID-PubMed="36761018" ID-ZooBank="C8FFC906D96F43ACA5B9FB21B6E27C33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1130-103" checkinTime="1668813907773" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Portman, Zachary M., Arduser, Mike, Lane, Ian G. & Cariveau, Daniel P." docDate="2022" docId="8D7C203F85575AD3B9B4F4D1076EF99D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1130: 103-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1130" docPubDate="2022-11-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413" docTitle="Agapostemon Guerin-Meneville 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" masterDocTitle="A review of the Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and keys to the shiny green Halictinae of the midwestern United States" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1732929873667" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B72C290115A594E3C6217F18B758B1FA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6715881A303C5ADCB9E7B1469FAAC61E">
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<mods:title id="9DAAB724AD8F049F3840FD830EA54579">A review of the Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and keys to the shiny green Halictinae of the midwestern United States</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="AB77AE622017A6C5BC35FC82200AD82B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="32AF109AE529DB100CFFF540EE267A64">
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<mods:roleTerm id="267D5A2261A46DF3705F59AFA577FCE0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="39869CDAF62B69F17003C4F3C499B0B6">Portman, Zachary M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4F7EC52C0BB7F1CA1CBABFC4F957E0B1" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8943-8196</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C177A18C346C710B8F53D07425A32E46">Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2E6F4ADD7E7CA359BA0F814A45589E25" type="email">zportman@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8AB531E787991599894585F7B9B87A9B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="91D3E4689352AD7EA1912EB7E637D2CE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BE07B39AE755762A086EA256A16B0667">Arduser, Mike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A51032BCF560B907354CD531DD28F830">Conservation Research Institute, Cedarburg, WI, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="45D38FB357D556AD45E445D6E8CC4ED6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D6CFDD7E64BAC68265DEAAA3FFEDB044">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5D7ADF4AD4B756CBFE1A145BE4046A0F">Lane, Ian G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="089FB3764B84285B3BE7FCC1A9A2CEE1" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-2136</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="80402FC38ADE682855EE982574155EF6">Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DDA55E795566EDD5AA88F8B62B757EA6">Cariveau, Daniel P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A7C870AB7DB1522E73A5989A4D9133BA" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-0071</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E8DE426DCEB309A349DEE1F72D91A092">Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5E47DDEC8B3297D971BF1CC49701A923">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="33C2704612613A2ABBB9B877C95C5B25">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="89D36C96BB9B261F5292CB5784D81962">
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<mods:date id="7D017D029EDA8F95B50E84F8233E2E04">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="72B8ADF4A9892A94C5C90A2A9EE0BAE4" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="F8AAD4942A2528A744C769BE2B07CFED">2022-11-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="BE87F56ED827534ADBBA4C4719E2D103" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0525C73BF932EFF0728D5BABF4CCA90E">1130</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B4A4A91F74E0432B82F0EAC1E6FF8A9F">103</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="564B25F7E543F8104426D7DB74188A3D">152</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="E638230E669CE1DF8BE8ECDF8B368DA8">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="2B24BBB8554E42FF968043365D8317AB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B30E8901275507AAE1A06B0EA4513A26" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9F0934578247B4376AD5DFDA567F460C" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1130-103</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="18C1996DC16DE4036480338596F70A8E" type="ZooBank">C8FFC906D96F43ACA5B9FB21B6E27C33</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E7BB53800B69B1BE7131D1E0D0C2DB72" type="Pensoft-UUID">6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="8D7C203F85575AD3B9B4F4D1076EF99D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205098568" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8D7C203F85575AD3B9B4F4D1076EF99D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D7C203F85575AD3B9B4F4D1076EF99D" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" scope_family="Halictidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Halictinae">
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<subSubSection id="9FB037D619B0E9753CA7E774AC56ADD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="326C604C3D45552F38FEAD78D7AF2B68" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="433E9C05649A2348070DDBE4CDA9AF2C" ID-CoL="QJR" LSID="8D7C203F-8557-5AD3-B9B4-F4D1076EF99D" authority="Guerin-Meneville" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Agapostemon
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<normalizedToken id="1CA4D08C30B3174AD8DB9FC56607188B" originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C5A596CCD1C52C67C5386245973ABF02" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F02A3469979C56AD9A218FA76BBA267C" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D8217D49FD6313177AC4F246AF98BD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Both sexes of
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<taxonomicName id="305398F02D1DB60E4474C786A2C8EC42" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0392417E6B02072AD8ACFE34B5BB7A9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are diagnosed by the complete carina on the rear face of the propodeum (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="5FCF64629A66135EF5417CAF322D2920" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Characters to separate Agapostemon from Augochlorini: Complete raised carina on the rear face of the propodeum in Agapostemon A female and B male. Incomplete carina in C Augochloropsis female and D Augochlorella male E Agapostemon male hind leg with first two tarsomeres fused (red arrow pointing to point of fusion)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771311" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">2A, B</figureCitation>
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). Other metallic green
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<taxonomicName id="9807E6EFEEB8AF542AEEFB0F2B29D9DB" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1869" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Halictinae">Halictinae</taxonomicName>
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genera, such as
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<taxonomicName id="33A16DEAB008B206DD509077E049CF87" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochloropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochloropsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="557C135D09B1DB94FC8BF658C91E8E48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochloropsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, can have a pair of lateral carinae (e.g., Fig.
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<figureCitation id="9752B67F1B5E140DB01091F6EAAD66AB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Characters to separate Agapostemon from Augochlorini: Complete raised carina on the rear face of the propodeum in Agapostemon A female and B male. Incomplete carina in C Augochloropsis female and D Augochlorella male E Agapostemon male hind leg with first two tarsomeres fused (red arrow pointing to point of fusion)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771311" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">2C</figureCitation>
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), but these are well-separated dorsally and never forming a complete carina as in
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<taxonomicName id="08E0821374DCD5EC559816265B8B00CE" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FA2973CE484683AF8AC126F808E81232" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Females can be further recognized by having the hind tibial spurs with broad teeth. Males can be further recognized by having the metasoma black and yellow striped rather than metallic green and by having the basitarsus fused with the next tarsal segment (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="876ABDE191442407F10EF12A0BA796CA" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Characters to separate Agapostemon from Augochlorini: Complete raised carina on the rear face of the propodeum in Agapostemon A female and B male. Incomplete carina in C Augochloropsis female and D Augochlorella male E Agapostemon male hind leg with first two tarsomeres fused (red arrow pointing to point of fusion)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771311" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">2E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="AFEEC3C1D997A683E1FAD25A18E0A1AE" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771311" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph id="346B7BB12FB20F8D093DB766D3E3BF6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="C474C73761908C43B3C52AF4DB2F5117" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Characters to separate
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<taxonomicName id="065871CEA50257FB3B7BC3DE4737CDBC" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C65A1E1BD9F25E97075F3A5F731BD19C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="C03B6DF422798FE623AB66CCA1C59E04" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="tribe" tribe="Augochlorini">Augochlorini</taxonomicName>
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: Complete raised carina on the rear face of the propodeum in
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<taxonomicName id="71FB9446A96DCEACC391CD187D892C3A" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B02508ECC0170DA4895431111B548472" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B986FBD1620341A9528F11A8559FEDA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
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female and
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<emphasis id="53D1CB3990649845F34A2B9BBA479AD1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
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male. Incomplete carina in
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<emphasis id="7D70D0CDF5B19096DE1ED8730B91EE2A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C570BBCA75D4D5A734AC3F774B09D127" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochloropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochloropsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7C785DD51A45C9A46E3C542058ABBB17" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochloropsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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female and
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<emphasis id="56767A7FED251BC70B8C187B0D4E3263" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="475FD6DA73397416E7AD244554D6F724" authorityName="Sandhouse" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D33C58335C48040DA76252201D228ACB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male
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<emphasis id="6D9DC8F55B158AD1E98CC2EF212112DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="86D344F769CDA4D7B153AA6757EE38BE" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Agapostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agapostemon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7EE485C8A70CD0F4AA006F82E81908EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Agapostemon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male hind leg with first two tarsomeres fused (red arrow pointing to point of fusion).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="423908302ADD47EEBD5BA7C01581A35D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771312" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph id="446B75CE42442EA1D031740DA0BD32EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="9E1765D572F745C47BE412776FB0D8A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Characters to separate
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<taxonomicName id="104D5658D2E0E5F579798058BCB6DBDB" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7CC173AB1FA55DA5D1AD4617FC0DF4E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="E4AAC3CFBAEAB251211A023B436FA7C2" authorityName="Sandhouse" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="ABB247031A6BA2997439398F2410E80E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="F3FAF6B0308A7E3DC35BAD4927AD1D5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
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S1 of
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<taxonomicName id="AB1872BB75669FCA2BB4D0AE5DC4A3F3" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis id="00CCA3108B9E6DEE74C12890B4AE9CF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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female with a median keel indicated by red arrow
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<emphasis id="CC9919A904461B27BD916C5FF8F018F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DC2DF874C1F74BD4301F9217C7D45560" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis id="8923E10ACBC44CC29AAE3BE3664ECD12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male rear propodeum showing distinct punctures
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<emphasis id="4AFA25C98C10B48CA638D64A50BFDD39" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="85343113FDADB1DDF276F77EBC82CE8E" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis id="3E609F4F1FC745488E13E2CC632C94FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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female face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow
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<emphasis id="1F185A8FC07AF59A8340A497295CD2B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8EBC9D45059F38CA43F2AB7EF86C089E" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis id="66F43F0EAD0CAB4BA2FA0E63617C6779" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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female face with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow
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<emphasis id="F340F41C8DD45BDE90B3ADD9DC715280" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A09584F290C0A6AF849ACAEAF86738B5" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis id="2DE7C61530A3836720E01D1E8C684BB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
male face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow
|
|
<emphasis id="D00BD76A2DEE0ED5B279677C4F45EBA3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BC45A7EED0985010014D1AAC8D397726" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
|
|
<emphasis id="D9B3C95AD5FF3B7DD5B1B976767766B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
male with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow. Scale bars: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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|
</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |