286 lines
38 KiB
XML
286 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="357537E91C6B23D0A3DF8AB64D4B2E18" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5383.4.7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10369876" ID-ZooBank="0F0EE89C-935C-4DF6-95D4-D58BF29C706F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1702456912045" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sawai, Etsuro & Nyegaard, Marianne" docDate="2023" docId="8D4B87B5FFDA614F2FC12D9AFA3F45EA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5383.4.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5383 (4)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5383.4.7/52469" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Mola alexandrini Ranzani 1839" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="571" masterDocId="7172FFCDFFD361452F562B0AFFA7402B" masterDocTitle="Response to Britz (2022) regarding the validity of the giant sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani, 1834) (Teleostei: Molidae)" masterLastPageNumber="574" masterPageNumber="561" pageNumber="570" updateTime="1703073822254" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5E606BF1366A3423E3E9C7190590F393">Response to Britz (2022) regarding the validity of the giant sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani, 1834) (Teleostei: Molidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="053E1D439E1D08C7094C157A42713768">Sawai, Etsuro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="285EBA25EE43FF2C8987EE3D742B5F9F">Ocean Sunfishes Information Storage Museum, Nara, Japan. & Sea and Life Museum, 8 - 1 Hanamachi, Sakaiminato City, Tottori, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="23BF42A5FC106AD1040988E8E0790218">Nyegaard, Marianne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A8A02395CFA817A71F1619FB51C25DCF">Auckland War Memorial Museum Tamaki Paenga Hira, Natural Sciences, The Domain, Auckland, New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="6F265C2F54951CE68A2A7A35AC050A2A">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8D4B87B5FFDA614F2FC12D9AFA3F45EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10401364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10401364" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8D4B87B5FFDA614F2FC12D9AFA3F45EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D4B87B5FFDA614F2FC12D9AFA3F45EA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="571" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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<subSubSection id="4DF86528FFDA614C2FC12D9AFBBF4680" box="[151,1048,1680,1707]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="055D36A3FFDA614C2FC12D9AFBBF4680" blockId="9.[151,1048,1680,1707]" box="[151,1048,1680,1707]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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<heading id="5E1581CFFFDA614C2FC12D9AFBBF4680" bold="true" box="[151,1048,1680,1707]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFDA614C2FC12D9AFBBF4680" bold="true" box="[151,1048,1680,1707]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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Validity of
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<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFDA614C2E772D9AFE7D4680" ID-CoL="6SY5G" authorityName="Ranzani" authorityYear="1839" box="[289,474,1680,1707]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrini">
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFDA614C2E772D9AFE7D4680" bold="true" box="[289,474,1680,1707]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Or. alexandrini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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when interpreted as if there were no
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<typeStatus id="DA598801FFDA614C2CFA2D9BFBBF4680" box="[940,1048,1681,1707]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DF86528FFDA614F2FC12DDEFA3F45EA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="571" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="description">
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<paragraph id="055D36A3FFDA614C2FC12DDEFD4947EC" blockId="9.[151,1437,1748,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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Although we are of the opinion that the PHMA specimen is the
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<typeStatus id="DA598801FFDA614C2CD52DDEFC4246C5" box="[899,997,1748,1774]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFDA614C2B462DDFFB1946C5" authorityName="Ranzani" authorityYear="1839" box="[1040,1214,1748,1775]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrini">
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFDA614C2B462DDFFB1946C5" box="[1040,1214,1748,1775]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Or. alexandrini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and that
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<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFDA614C2A782DDEFF494738" author="Ranzani, C." pageId="9" pageNumber="570" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref9413" refString="Ranzani, C. (1839 a) Dispositio familiae Molarum in genera et in species. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis, 3, 63 - 81 + pl. 6 + Foldout table. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31099 # page / 110 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1839">Ranzani’s (1839a)</bibRefCitation>
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illustration is broadly representative of the fresh specimen morphology, here we consider
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<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFDA614C2BA82DF2FA3B4738" author="Britz, R." box="[1278,1436,1784,1811]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" pagination="391 - 392" refId="ref8490" refString="Britz, R. (2022) Comments on the holotype of Orthragoriscus alexandrini, Ranzani 1839 (Teleostei: Molidae). Zootaxa, 5195 (4), 391 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / ZOOTAXA. 5195.4.6" type="journal article" year="2022">Britz’s (2022)</bibRefCitation>
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argument that “…
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFDA614C2E352C16FC2B4771" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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there is little in Ranzani’s (1839) description of
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<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFDA614C2CD32C17FB8D471D" authorityName="Ranzani" authorityYear="1839" box="[901,1066,1820,1847]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrini">O. alexandrini</taxonomicName>
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that would enable one to assign the name to one of the three currently recognized species of
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<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFDA614C2C072C4AFC2B4771" authorityName="Koelreuter" authorityYear="1766" box="[849,908,1856,1882]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mola</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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.” Specifically, we examine the validity of the proposed status as ‘
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFDA614C2E252C6FFDE24755" box="[371,581,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">species inquirenda</emphasis>
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’ using only the information in the description of
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<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFDA614C2B3D2C6FFAB14755" authorityName="Ranzani" authorityYear="1839" box="[1131,1302,1892,1919]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrini">
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFDA614C2B3D2C6FFAB14755" box="[1131,1302,1892,1919]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Or. alexandrini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFDA614C2A162C6EFF564788" author="Ranzani, C." pageId="9" pageNumber="570" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref9413" refString="Ranzani, C. (1839 a) Dispositio familiae Molarum in genera et in species. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis, 3, 63 - 81 + pl. 6 + Foldout table. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31099 # page / 110 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1839">Ranzani (1839a)</bibRefCitation>
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. The key question is if there is sufficient morphological information without an extant
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<typeStatus id="DA598801FFDA614C2B872C82FA944789" box="[1233,1331,1928,1954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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to tie
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<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFDA614C2A282C83FEBF47ED" authorityName="Ranzani" authorityYear="1834" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrini">
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFDA614C2A282C83FEBF47ED" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">M. alexandrini</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFDA614C2E6A2CA6FE1047EC" box="[316,439,1964,1991]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFDA614C2E6A2CA6FED047ED" box="[316,375,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Mola</emphasis>
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sp. A
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFDA614C2EEB2CA7FE5C47ED" box="[445,507,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFDA614C2D572CA6FD4D47EC" author="Yoshita, Y. & Yamanoue, Y. & Sagara, K. & Nishibori, M. & Kuniyoshi, H. & Umino, T. & Sakai, Y. & Hashimoto, H. & Gushima, K." box="[513,746,1964,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" pagination="232 - 244" refId="ref10059" refString="Yoshita, Y., Yamanoue, Y., Sagara, K., Nishibori, M., Kuniyoshi, H., Umino, T., Sakai, Y., Hashimoto, H. & Gushima, K. (2009) Phylogenetic relationships of two Mola sunfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) occurring around the coast of Japan, with notes on their geographical distribution and morphological characteristics. Ichthyological Research, 56, 232 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 008 - 0089 - 3" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Yoshita
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFDA614C2D0B2CA7FD3247ED" box="[605,661,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="055D36A3FFD9614F2F912B9DFE9C41A2" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
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Key taxonomic characters of large
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<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2D3F2B9DFD49409A" box="[617,750,151,177]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2D3F2B9DFD03409A" box="[617,676,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Mola</emphasis>
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sp. A
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens (confirmed for specimens>
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<quantity id="C21A9B46FFD9614F2B972B9CFA88409A" box="[1217,1327,150,177]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" unit="cm" value="162.5">162.5 cm</quantity>
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TL) that distinguish them from the other
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<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2D5C2BB1FDE240FE" authorityName="Koelreuter" authorityYear="1766" box="[522,581,187,213]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2D5C2BB1FDE240FE" box="[522,581,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Mola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are as follows: a combination of a head bump, a chin bump and a rounded clavus margin; rectangular body scales;> 17 clavus fin rays (average);> 10 clavus ossicles (average); absence of a smooth band back-fold on the clavus; absence of raised skin wrinkles (craniocaudal direction) on the body behind the pectoral fin (
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<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2EB72A2DFD0F416A" author="Sawai, E. & Yamanoue, Y. & Nyegaard, M. & Sakai, Y." box="[481,680,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="142 - 160" refId="ref9801" refString="Sawai, E., Yamanoue, Y., Nyegaard, M. & Sakai, Y. (2018) Redescription of the bump-head sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani 1839), senior synonym of Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), with designation of a neotype for Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Ichthyological Research, 65, 142 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 017 - 0603 - 6" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Sawai
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2D782A2DFDC1416A" box="[558,614,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2DE22A2DFC9C416A" author="Sawai, E." box="[692,827,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="31 - 36" refId="ref9589" refString="Sawai, E. (2021) First records of Mola alexandrini (Molidae) from Mie Prefecture, Japan based on photographs and the new taxonomic key characters of the genus Mola. Ichthy, Natural History of Fishes of Japan, 8, 31 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.34583 / ichthy. 8.0 _ 31" type="journal article" year="2021">Sawai 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). As the TL of the
|
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<typeStatus id="DA598801FFD9614F2B5D2A2DFBCA416A" box="[1035,1133,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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of
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<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2BC42A2DFA9A416A" authorityName="Ranzani" authorityYear="1839" box="[1170,1341,295,321]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrini">
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2BC42A2DFA9A416A" box="[1170,1341,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Or. alexandrini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exceeds
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<quantity id="C21A9B46FFD9614F2FC12A40FF58414E" box="[151,255,330,357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" unit="cm" value="162.5">162.5 cm</quantity>
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TL whichever unit of measurement is applied (
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<tableCitation id="48600318FFD9614F2C592A41FCC5414E" box="[783,866,331,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[145,233,638,664]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Conversions of the lengths (total length) of the holotypes of Orthragoriscus alexandrini and Ozoduro orsini in Ranzani (1839a)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/519D662BFFD761412FC72974F9C342B3" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" tableUuid="519D662BFFD761412FC72974F9C342B3">Table 1</tableCitation>
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), all the above morphological features are relevant for evaluation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="055D36A3FFD9614F2F912A99FE21438E" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
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The morphological characters of
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<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2D042A99FCA44186" authorityName="Ranzani" authorityYear="1839" box="[594,771,403,429]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrini">
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<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2D042A99FCA44186" box="[594,771,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Or. alexandrini</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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are summarized by
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<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2CAB2A99FB6D4186" author="Ranzani, C." box="[1021,1226,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref9413" refString="Ranzani, C. (1839 a) Dispositio familiae Molarum in genera et in species. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis, 3, 63 - 81 + pl. 6 + Foldout table. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31099 # page / 110 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1839">Ranzani’s (1839a</bibRefCitation>
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||
: foldout table) as “
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2FF22ABDFBEF4216" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
|
||
Corpus oblongum scabrum, in parte postica fere ovatum, colore fusco ac lutescente varium; fronte altissima prominenti; pinnae pectrales in margine posteriori ad basim sinuosae; pinna dorsalis ab extremitate dorsi haud parum distans, analis extremitate ventris insidens, utraque magna apice obtuso, basi fascia rugosa cincta; pinna caudalis brevissima, integra = Habitat in mari adriatico =
|
||
<tableCitation id="48600318FFD9614F2C162929FC3D4216" box="[832,922,547,573]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[145,233,638,664]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Conversions of the lengths (total length) of the holotypes of Orthragoriscus alexandrini and Ozoduro orsini in Ranzani (1839a)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/519D662BFFD761412FC72974F9C342B3" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" tableUuid="519D662BFFD761412FC72974F9C342B3">
|
||
Tab.
|
||
<specimenCount id="13E4FD2AFFD9614F2C252929FC3D4216" box="[883,922,547,573]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" type="generic">1 P</specimenCount>
|
||
</tableCitation>
|
||
.10. A.15. D.13.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” [The body is oblong, rough, almost oval in the posterior part, of a brownish color and variegated with luster; a very high forehead; pectoral fins at the posterior margin sinuous at the base; the dorsal fin is not a little distant from the extremity of the back, the anal (fin) is inserted at the extremity of the abdomen, both with a large blunt tip, the base surrounded by a wrinkled band; caudal fin very short, complete = It lives in the Adriatic Sea = table 1. 10 pectoral-fin rays. 15 anal-fin rays. 13 dorsal-fin rays.]. Among these characters, ‘a very high forehead’, ‘almost oval in the posterior part’ and ‘caudal fin very short’ are also evident in the illustration of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2DBC29F1FC01433E" author="Ranzani, C." box="[746,934,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref9413" refString="Ranzani, C. (1839 a) Dispositio familiae Molarum in genera et in species. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis, 3, 63 - 81 + pl. 6 + Foldout table. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31099 # page / 110 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1839">Ranzani (1839a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2B4C29F1FB41433E" author="Sawai, E. & Yamanoue, Y. & Nyegaard, M. & Sakai, Y." box="[1050,1254,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="142 - 160" refId="ref9801" refString="Sawai, E., Yamanoue, Y., Nyegaard, M. & Sakai, Y. (2018) Redescription of the bump-head sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani 1839), senior synonym of Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), with designation of a neotype for Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Ichthyological Research, 65, 142 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 017 - 0603 - 6" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Sawai
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2B3E29F1FB05433E" box="[1128,1186,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: page 149), and among the three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2E192815FE2D4312" authorityName="Koelreuter" authorityYear="1766" box="[335,394,799,825]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2E192815FE2D4312" box="[335,394,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Mola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, the only species with these two combined morphological characters (i.e., ‘a very high forehead’ and ‘almost oval in the posterior part’) is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2DBE2849FCC14376" box="[744,870,835,861]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2DBE2849FC844376" box="[744,803,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Mola</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2C232849FBCD4376" author="Nyegaard, M. & Sawai, E. & Gemmell, N. & Gillum, J. & Loneragan, N. R. & Yamanoue, Y. & Stewart, A. L." box="[885,1130,835,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="631 - 658" refId="ref9150" refString="Nyegaard, M., Sawai, E., Gemmell, N., Gillum, J., Loneragan, N. R., Yamanoue, Y. & Stewart, A. L. (2018) Hiding in broad daylight: Molecular and morphological data reveal a new ocean sunfish species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has eluded recognition. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 182 (3), 631 - 658. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 040" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Nyegaard
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2CBB2849FB804376" box="[1005,1063,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2B2E2849FAE34376" author="Sawai, E. & Yamanoue, Y. & Nyegaard, M. & Sakai, Y." box="[1144,1348,835,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="142 - 160" refId="ref9801" refString="Sawai, E., Yamanoue, Y., Nyegaard, M. & Sakai, Y. (2018) Redescription of the bump-head sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani 1839), senior synonym of Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), with designation of a neotype for Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Ichthyological Research, 65, 142 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 017 - 0603 - 6" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Sawai
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2B932849FB584376" box="[1221,1279,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While large Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2E60286DFE3443AA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[310,403,871,897]" family="Molidae" genus="Tetrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mola">
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2E60286DFE3443AA" box="[310,403,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">M. mola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also develop a head bump, the clavus margin in large specimens is distinctly scalloped (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2FC92881FEDC438E" author="Caldera, E. J. & Whitney, J. L. & Nyegaard, M. & Ostale-Valriberas, E. & Kubicek, L. & Thys, T. M." box="[159,379,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="37 - 54" refId="ref8536" refString="Caldera, E. J., Whitney, J. L., Nyegaard, M., Ostale-Valriberas, E., Kubicek, L. & Thys, T. M. (2020) Genetic insights regarding the taxonomy, phylogeography and evolution of ocean sunfishes (Molidae: Tetraodontiformes). In: Thys, T. M., Hays, G. C. & Houghton J. D. R. (Eds.), The ocean sunfishes: Evolution, biology and conservation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 37 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9780429343360" type="book chapter" year="2020">
|
||
Caldera
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2FA92881FE90438E" box="[255,311,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="055D36A3FFD9614F2F9128A5FACB44C2" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
|
||
Further, nearly 100 years after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2D7028A5FD4643E2" author="Ranzani, C." box="[550,737,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref9413" refString="Ranzani, C. (1839 a) Dispositio familiae Molarum in genera et in species. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis, 3, 63 - 81 + pl. 6 + Foldout table. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31099 # page / 110 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1839">Ranzani (1839a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published his revision of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2BD228A5FA3E43E2" authority=", Barnard (1935" authorityName=", Barnard" authorityYear="1935" box="[1156,1433,942,969]" family="Molidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
Molidae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2BA728A5FA3E43E2" author="Barnard, K. H." box="[1265,1433,942,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="645 - 658" refId="ref8304" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1935) Notes on South African marine fishes. Annals of The South African Museum, 30 (5), 645 - 658 + pls. 23 - 25. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40856310 # page / 720 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1935">Barnard (1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: fig. 5a–b on page 654; 1947: fig. 7 on plate XXV on page 212) illustrated a large specimen of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2A3728D9FA3B43C6" authorityName="Koelreuter" authorityYear="1766" box="[1377,1436,979,1005]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2A3728D9FA3B43C6" box="[1377,1436,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Mola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stranded in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7DF57633FFD9614F2E4E28FDFE02443A" box="[280,421,1015,1041]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sup. Mat. 2_2; the ‘Kommetje specimen’;
|
||
<quantity id="C21A9B46FFD9614F2CDA28FDFC6D443A" box="[908,970,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" unit="ft" value="6.0">6 feet</quantity>
|
||
<quantity id="C21A9B46FFD9614F2C8628FDFB8B443A" box="[976,1068,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" unit="in" value="4.0">4 inches</quantity>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="C21A9B46FFD9614F2B1128FDFB39443A" box="[1095,1182,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" unit="cm" value="193.0">193 cm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2BF928FDFAF5443A" author="Barnard, K. H." box="[1199,1362,1014,1041]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="645 - 658" refId="ref8304" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1935) Notes on South African marine fishes. Annals of The South African Museum, 30 (5), 645 - 658 + pls. 23 - 25. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40856310 # page / 720 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1935">Barnard (1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2A0B28FDFA3F443A" author="Barnard, K. H." box="[1373,1432,1015,1041]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" refId="ref8365" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1947) A pictorial guide to South African fishes, marine and freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp. [https: // books. google. co. jp / books? id = wCYMAQAAIAAJ & hl = ja & source = gbs _ book _ other _ versions]" type="book" year="1947">1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2FC12F11FF77441E" author="Barnard, K. H." box="[151,208,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="341 - 406" refId="ref8428" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1948) Further notes on South African marine fishes. Annals of The South African Museum, 36 (5), 341 - 406 + pls. 9 - 13. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40889288 # page / 460 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1948">1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) identified it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2EDA2F11FDF7441E" authorityName="Ranzani" authorityYear="1834" box="[396,592,1051,1077]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrini">
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2EDA2F11FDF7441E" box="[396,592,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Mola alexandrini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a tracing of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2C192F11FBBA441E" author="Ranzani, C." box="[847,1053,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref9413" refString="Ranzani, C. (1839 a) Dispositio familiae Molarum in genera et in species. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis, 3, 63 - 81 + pl. 6 + Foldout table. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31099 # page / 110 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1839">Ranzani’s (1839a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustration, provided to him by a colleague.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2E472F35FE1F4472" author="Barnard, K. H." box="[273,440,1086,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="645 - 658" refId="ref8304" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1935) Notes on South African marine fishes. Annals of The South African Museum, 30 (5), 645 - 658 + pls. 23 - 25. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40856310 # page / 720 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1935">Barnard (1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pages 655–656, 658) commented “
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2C1D2F35FC624472" box="[843,965,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">This figure</emphasis>
|
||
c
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2C8E2F35FA2E4456" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">losely resembles the Kommetje Sun-fish, having an evenly rounded tail, and prominent convexities on the throat and the forehead, especially on the latter</emphasis>
|
||
.” (Sup. Mat. 2_2). He mentioned that these three morphological features (i.e., a head bump, a chin bump, and a rounded clavus margin) distinguished the Kommetje specimen from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2CCC2FA1FC5F44EE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[922,1016,1195,1221]" family="Molidae" genus="Tetrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mola">
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2CCC2FA1FC5F44EE" box="[922,1016,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">M. mola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This indicates that information from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2FC12FC5FEF644C2" author="Ranzani, C." box="[151,337,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref9413" refString="Ranzani, C. (1839 a) Dispositio familiae Molarum in genera et in species. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis, 3, 63 - 81 + pl. 6 + Foldout table. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31099 # page / 110 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1839">Ranzani (1839a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
alone, without the inspection of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DA598801FFD9614F2DBC2FC5FCE844C2" box="[746,847,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, could be used by others to identify this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="055D36A3FFD9614F2F912FF9FA3F45EA" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
|
||
As only
|
||
<specimenCount id="13E4FD2AFFD9614F2E752FF9FE1D4526" box="[291,442,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
was used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2D1C2FF9FCA54526" author="Ranzani, C." box="[586,770,1267,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref9413" refString="Ranzani, C. (1839 a) Dispositio familiae Molarum in genera et in species. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis, 3, 63 - 81 + pl. 6 + Foldout table. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31099 # page / 110 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1839">Ranzani (1839a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in describing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2CCB2FF9FBE14526" authorityName="Ranzani" authorityYear="1839" box="[925,1094,1267,1293]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrini">
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2CCB2FF9FBE14526" box="[925,1094,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Or. alexandrini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a new species, the specimen on which the description and illustration were based can be considered the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DA598801FFD9614F2CBB2E1DFBBA451A" box="[1005,1053,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen itself (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2B892E1DFAC2451A" author="ICZN & London, XXIX" box="[1247,1381,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" refId="ref8917" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp. [https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / the-code-online /]" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 72.5.6.). Even if the actual specimen itself no longer exists, this does not invalidate the designation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2BB22E31FACF457E" author="ICZN & London, XXIX" box="[1252,1384,1339,1365]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" refId="ref8917" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp. [https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / the-code-online /]" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 73.1.4. and 74.4.). Where more than one scientific name has been assigned to the same species, the oldest scientific name applies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2E6D2E89FE6645B6" author="ICZN & London, XXIX" box="[315,449,1411,1437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" refId="ref8917" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp. [https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / the-code-online /]" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 72.9.). It follows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2DAF2E89FC0245B6" authorityName="Ranzani" authorityYear="1839" box="[761,933,1411,1437]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrini">
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2DAF2E89FC0245B6" box="[761,933,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Or. alexandrini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be applied as the scientific name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2E24D20FFD9614F2FC12EADFEB545EA" box="[151,274,1447,1473]" family="Molidae" genus="Mola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2FC12EADFF7545EA" box="[151,210,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Mola</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2E4E2EADFEF145EB" box="[280,342,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2E0A2EADFDE545EA" author="Yoshita, Y. & Yamanoue, Y. & Sagara, K. & Nishibori, M. & Kuniyoshi, H. & Umino, T. & Sakai, Y. & Hashimoto, H. & Gushima, K." box="[348,578,1447,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="232 - 244" refId="ref10059" refString="Yoshita, Y., Yamanoue, Y., Sagara, K., Nishibori, M., Kuniyoshi, H., Umino, T., Sakai, Y., Hashimoto, H. & Gushima, K. (2009) Phylogenetic relationships of two Mola sunfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) occurring around the coast of Japan, with notes on their geographical distribution and morphological characteristics. Ichthyological Research, 56, 232 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 008 - 0089 - 3" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Yoshita
|
||
<emphasis id="3796EAB1FFD9614F2EEE2EADFE5745EA" box="[440,496,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the basis of the information in the description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="61734B52FFD9614F2BC52EADFAEA45EA" author="Ranzani, C." box="[1171,1357,1447,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref9413" refString="Ranzani, C. (1839 a) Dispositio familiae Molarum in genera et in species. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis, 3, 63 - 81 + pl. 6 + Foldout table. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 31099 # page / 110 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1839">Ranzani (1839a)</bibRefCitation>
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alone.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |