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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3bbe66a-aeeb-43a5-ac78-6648765c8060" ID-PMC="PMC5126387" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-628-1" ID-PubMed="27917037" ID-ZBK="2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-628-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 628" ModsDocTitle="New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" checkinTime="1477975617303" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Nieukerken, Erik J., Doorenweerd, Camiel, Nishida, Kenji &amp; Snyers, Chris" docDate="2016" docId="8CF9A5831D3ED4EED30E91C7020009AF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 628: 1-63" docOrigin="ZooKeys 628" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805" docTitle="Ozadelpha van Nieukerken, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="C69504F8-9528-480A-806A-BEAE4B2E0DB8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="296BFFD9FF96495C2E58A0247558FFE0" masterDocTitle="New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1668163655911" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>van Nieukerken, Erik J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nishida, Kenji</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Snyers, Chris</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>628</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>63</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-628-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127895159" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C69504F8-9528-480A-806A-BEAE4B2E0DB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8CF9A5831D3ED4EED30E91C7020009AF" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Nepticulidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C69504F8-9528-480A-806A-BEAE4B2E0DB8" authority="van Nieukerken" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha van Nieukerken</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="21" pageNumber="22">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha conostegiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">Ozadelpha conostegiae</taxonomicName>
van Nieukerken &amp; Nishida, sp. n. by present designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
is recognised by the collar with lamellar scales (as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Enteucha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enteucha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Enteucha</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
), usually two
<normalizedToken originalValue="fascia’s">fascia's</normalizedToken>
on forewing; forewing venation without closed cell, but usually a very long separate CuA. Male genitalia are characterised by separate vinculum and tegumen, large vinculum, bilobed uncus and V-shaped gnathos.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Adult (Figs 68, 69). Rather small nepticulid moths, forewing length 1.4-2.8 mm. Head with collar comprising lamellar scales, but piliform in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha ovata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovata">Ozadelpha ovata</taxonomicName>
. Antenna with 21-32 segments in male, 19 in female (no more data available). Forewing usually with two pale, often metallic fasciae, sometimes joined along dorsal margin. Hindwing in male sometimes with androconial scales on wing (in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha guajavae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guajavae">Ozadelpha guajavae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha ovata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovata">Ozadelpha ovata</taxonomicName>
) or a hairpencil near frenulum (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha conostegiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">Ozadelpha conostegiae</taxonomicName>
). Venation (Figs 66, 67): R+Rs+M coalescent from base, kinked at junction of R, with 5 branches: R, Rs1+2, Rs3, Rs4 and M, CuA separate and long, approaching Rs+M (what looks like a cross-vein between CuA and Rs+M in Fig. 68 is probably an artefact), absent in the drawing of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha guajavae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guajavae">Ozadelpha guajavae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Puplesis, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London Entomology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="19 - 58" title="New Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from the western Amazonian rainforest and the Andes of Ecuador." url="10.1017/s0968045402000020" volume="71" year="2002 a">Puplesis et al. 2002a</bibRefCitation>
); A thickened; Hindwing very narrow, with 2 veins only (Rs+M and CuA), Rs+M close to costa.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Figures 66-67.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
gen. n., venation. 66
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha conostegiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">Ozadelpha conostegiae</taxonomicName>
, female, slide EvN4704, veins labelled 67
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha ovata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovata">Ozadelpha ovata</taxonomicName>
, paratype male, forewing only, slide AD207. * this is probably a staining artefact, not a cross vein, Scale: 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Figures 68-69.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
gen. n., adult habitus. 68
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha conostegiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">Ozadelpha conostegiae</taxonomicName>
, holotype male 69
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
specimen EvN4680, female. Scale bars:1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Male genitalia. (Figs 70-73). Vinculum lateral arms articulate with sides of tegumen; ventral plate expanded, not bilobed. Tegumen band shaped. Uncus variously bilobed. Gnathos an inverted V. Valva more or less triangular, transtilla with transverse bar present or weakly sclerotised, sublateral processes absent or short. Phallus relatively short, without distinct carinal processes; cathrema a normal striate thickening around base of ejaculatory duct, vesica with variable number of cornuti.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Figures 70-73.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
gen. n., male genitalia. 70-72
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha conostegiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">Ozadelpha conostegiae</taxonomicName>
, holotype, at different levels of focus 73
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha ovata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovata">Ozadelpha ovata</taxonomicName>
, holotype. Scale bars: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Female genitalia (Figs 74-79). T8 with or without row of setae; no setose anal papillae. Anterior apophyses often broadened, posterior apophyses usually narrow, straight, and longer than anterior ones. Vestibulum folded, more strongly staining in Chlorazol Black, with indistinct or no sclerotizations; corpus bursae asymmetric, curved; wall completely devoid of spines or pectinations or with a group of numerous, large, blunt pectinations as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha guajavae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guajavae">Ozadelpha guajavae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Remeikis, A" editor="Stonis, JR" journalOrPublisher="Edukologija Publishers, Vilnius" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="65 - 74" title="The first photographic documentation and new data on Enteuchaguajavae (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), a pest of guava from equatorial America." volumeTitle="Selected abstracts and papers of the First Baltic International Conference on Field Entomology and Faunistics" year="2014">Remeikis et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Ductus spermathecae with 1-3.5 convolutions.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Figures 74-79.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
gen. n., female genitalia. 74
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha conostegiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">Ozadelpha conostegiae</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view, slide 4847 75 ditto, detail of T8 in dorsal view 76 ditto, detail of ductus spermathecae 77-79
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
specimen EvN4680. Scale bars: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Larva</pageBreakToken>
. Green, where known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Leafminers on
<taxonomicName family="Melastomataceae" lsidName="Ditrysia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Myrtaceae" lsidName="Ditrysia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
, both belonging to the order
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ditrysia" order="Myrtales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="order">Myrtales</taxonomicName>
. See also
<bibRefCitation author="Remeikis, A" editor="Stonis, JR" journalOrPublisher="Edukologija Publishers, Vilnius" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="65 - 74" title="The first photographic documentation and new data on Enteuchaguajavae (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), a pest of guava from equatorial America." volumeTitle="Selected abstracts and papers of the First Baltic International Conference on Field Entomology and Faunistics" year="2014">Remeikis et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Central and South America, known from Costa Rica, Ecuador and Argentina, probably widespread.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="composition">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Composition.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
We describe here one new species,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha conostegiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">Ozadelpha conostegiae</taxonomicName>
, as type species, plus a second one from the same host that we do not name. Both
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella ovata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovata">Stigmella ovata</taxonomicName>
Puplesis &amp; Robinson, 2000 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Enteucha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enteucha guajavae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guajavae">Enteucha guajavae</taxonomicName>
Puplesis &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Diškus">Diskus</normalizedToken>
, 2002 share many characters with the type species: an almost identical venation (albeit without recognisable CuA in the drawing of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Enteucha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enteucha guajavae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guajavae">Enteucha guajavae</taxonomicName>
) and very similar male genitalia. We therefore transfer both to this genus as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha ovata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovata">Ozadelpha ovata</taxonomicName>
(Puplesis &amp; Robinson, 2000), comb. n. and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha guajavae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guajavae">Ozadelpha guajavae</taxonomicName>
(Puplesis &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Diškus">Diskus</normalizedToken>
, 2002), comb. n. It is possible that some species associated with the
<taxonomicName family="Myrtaceae" lsidName="Ditrysia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
genus
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrceugenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrceugenia" order="Myrtales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrceugenia</taxonomicName>
from Patagonia (
<bibRefCitation author="Nielsen, ES" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, Supplement" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 16" title="Primitive (non-ditrysian) Lepidoptera of the Andes: diversity, distribution, biology and phylogenetic relationships." url="http://lepidopteraresearchfoundation.org/journals/23/PDF23/2nd_symp_neot_lepid_1983_1_16.pdf" volume="1" year="1985">Nielsen 1985</bibRefCitation>
) belong here as well, although we observe some differences in the few specimens avail
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">able</pageBreakToken>
to us. The Vilnius group is planning to revise this group of species (J.R. Stonis, personal communication).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
, a noun. The name is based on a combination of the Greek adelphe (αδελφη), meaning sister with the colloquial abbreviation
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Oz”">&quot;Oz&quot;</normalizedToken>
as often used for Australia. This to indicate the sister group relationship between
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
and the Australian clade with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Roscidotoga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Roscidotoga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Roscidotoga</taxonomicName>
Hoare, 2000,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pectinivalva</taxonomicName>
Scoble, 1983,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Menurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menurella</taxonomicName>
Hoare, 2013 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Casanovula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Casanovula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Casanovula</taxonomicName>
Hoare, 2013. The name is to be treated as feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
The series reared from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia" order="Myrtales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Conostegia</taxonomicName>
that KN reared and sent via the Museo de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zoología">Zoologia</normalizedToken>
, Universidad de Costa Rica, to EvN was at first considered to constitute a single species. We were only able to successfully amplify several genes from one large female (RMNH.INS.24680) that on closer inspection appeared to be different from the rest of the series, even though the differences externally are small, apart from the size. The position of the genus as sister of the Australian genera was strongly supported on the basis of this specimen; however, we do not name that by lack of a male specimen and life history data. The few genes that we did amplify from other specimens show that both species belong to the same clade, and thus the same genus. In fact, there are probably more species feeding on different species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia" order="Myrtales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Conostegia</taxonomicName>
throughout its distribution area; just before finalising this manuscript, Kenji Nishida reared another species from another species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia" order="Myrtales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Conostegia</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
In the morphology
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
shows similarities with both
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Enteucha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enteucha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Enteucha</taxonomicName>
and the Australian genera. The venation resembles
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
, but also
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pectinivalva</taxonomicName>
, apart for the thickened A in forewing. In our molecular phylogeny
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
always groups with the Australian genera, either as sister to all of them together, or as sister to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Roscidotoga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Roscidotoga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Roscidotoga</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Doorenweerd, C" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" title="Systematic Entomology" url="10.1111/syen.12212" year="2016">Doorenweerd et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Where both
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pectinivalva</taxonomicName>
in the old sense feed on
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ditrysia" order="Myrtales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="order">Myrtales</taxonomicName>
, it is possible that the ancestral hosts were also
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ditrysia" order="Myrtales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="order">Myrtales</taxonomicName>
and that the ancestor was a rainforest inhabitant (Hoare and van Nieukerken 2013).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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