149 lines
12 KiB
XML
149 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.679.13326" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dd723ab7-689e-415a-952a-b6b402a77942" ID-PMC="PMC5523392" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-679-21" ID-PubMed="28769704" ID-ZBK="1D9940A72816447997474ABAE6B50990" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-679-21" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 679" ModsDocTitle="Erhaia Davis & Kuo (Gastropoda, Rissooidea, Amnicolidae) also in Bhutan" checkinTime="1502744648066" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gittenberger, Edmund, Sherub, Sherub & Stelbrink, Bjoern" docDate="2017" docId="8BB0B21925F6016868916F41D8B488EF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 679: 21-28" docOrigin="ZooKeys 679" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.679.13326" docTitle="Erhaia wangchuki Gittenberger, Sherub & Stelbrink, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="304DE8F4-959A-4C7E-A497-00DA959CB99D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="AC0FFFEE025EFFF0FC4B4C53FFDC3E22" masterDocTitle="Erhaia Davis & Kuo (Gastropoda, Rissooidea, Amnicolidae) also in Bhutan" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1668164530519" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Erhaia Davis & Kuo (Gastropoda, Rissooidea, Amnicolidae) also in Bhutan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gittenberger, Edmund</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sherub, Sherub</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Stelbrink, Bjoern</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>679</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>21</mods:start>
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<mods:end>28</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.679.13326</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.679.13326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-679-21</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">1D9940A72816447997474ABAE6B50990</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1D9940A72816447997474ABAE6B50990</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649480" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:304DE8F4-959A-4C7E-A497-00DA959CB99D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BB0B21925F6016868916F41D8B488EF" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/304DE8F4-959A-4C7E-A497-00DA959CB99D" class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia wangchuki" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="wangchuki">Erhaia wangchuki</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="22">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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District Wangdue Phodrang, Gangchhu (Figs 5, 6), 2883 m alt.;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="27.433332">27°26'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="90.183334">90°11'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Jigme Wangchuk leg. 21.iii.2015. National Biodiversity Centre, Serbithang, Thimphu [holotype NBCB1013, paratypes NBCB1014/2].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="shell">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Shell.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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Conical, broader than high, with a flat apex because the initial
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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-1 whorl is planispiral;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="3¼">31/4</normalizedToken>
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whorls in total. Body whorl large, the height of the aperture exceeds that of the spire. Aperture with a broadly rounded outer lip and a nearly straight parietal side, so that a columellar border is hardly recognizable. Growthlines moderately strong, with a more prominent periostracal ridge at more or less regular distances. Teleoconch whorls broadly shouldered and separated by a deeply incised suture. Aperture oblique ovoid, smooth inside; apertural edge not touching the penultimate whorl. Umbilicus widely open. The holotype is the largest shell and measures 2.15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.77 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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The shell differs from the shells of the three '
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Erhaia</taxonomicName>
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' species reported from Nepal by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Nesemann et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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by the large body whorl, the relative height of the aperture, and by being broader than high. The other species that are referred to as
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Erhaia</taxonomicName>
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in the literature, from areas that are further apart than Bhutan and Nepal, also have different combinations of character states.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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This species is known from the source of the Gangzetem brooklet, emerging from an underground spring aquifer surrounded by blue pine (
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus wallichina" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichina">Pinus wallichina</taxonomicName>
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) and a small open meadow (Figs 5, 6). The stream bed substrate, viz. pebbles, small rocks and parts of plants, is covered with dark-green algae, housing an abundant diversity of aquatic invertebrates. Alongside the brooklet are rhododendrons (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhododendron thomsonii" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thomsonii">Rhododendron thomsonii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. arboretum" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="arboretum">R. arboretum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. kesangae" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="kesangae">R. kesangae</taxonomicName>
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), berries (
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<taxonomicName genus="Berberies" lsidName="Berberies asiatica" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="asiatica">Berberies asiatica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rosa sericea" order="Rosales" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sericea">Rosa sericea</taxonomicName>
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), betula (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula utilis" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">Betula utilis</taxonomicName>
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), larch (
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix griffithii" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="griffithii">Larix griffithii</taxonomicName>
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), daphne (Daphne bholua) and remnants of dead dwarf bamboo (
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Yushania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Yushania microphyllus" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microphyllus">Yushania microphyllus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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A farm road to the villages of Gangphel and Zizi crosses over the stream. The source is very close (~50m) to that road. The stream also spins a chhukhor, i.e. a water powered
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="23" start="start">prayer</pageBreakToken>
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wheel. At the very outlet of the stream is a water tank, which supplies drinking water to Damchu Lhakhang. The brooklet meanders into the Phobji main stream, and measures about 1100 meters. During the pre-monsoon (21.03.2015) and post-monsoon (29.11.2015), physiochemical properties of the stream were measured. The water is almost neutral (pH 7.06, 7.58) and has a nearly stable temperature (6.76, 6.20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ºC">°C</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Rissooidea" genus="Rissooidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rissooidea wangchuki" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="wangchuki">wangchuki</taxonomicName>
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, after Jigme Wangchuk, who discovered these minute snails.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia wangchuki" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="wangchuki">Erhaia wangchuki</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., sequenced paratype; scale bar 0.5 mm (photographs by B.S.); Bhutan, district Wangdue Phodrang, Gangchhu, 2883 m alt.;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="27.433332">27°26'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="90.183334">90°11'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Jigme Wangchuk leg. 21.iii.2015.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia wangchuki" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="wangchuki">Erhaia wangchuki</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype NBCB1013, measurements 2.15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.77 mm (photographs by E.G.); Bhutan, district Wangdue Phodrang, Gangchhu, 2883 m alt.;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="27.433332">27°26'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="90.183334">90°11'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Jigme Wangchuk leg. 21.iii.2015.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |