189 lines
23 KiB
XML
189 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="FC879AB7C0E402DA02BD08C5E965CA78" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.14661935" ID-ISSN="0073-134X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14661935" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1736983887553" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Austin Daniel Rubinoff, Kyhl A. & nov, sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp." docDate="2024" docId="8B7687A1E728D963FDEBDAE0ED93FA0D" docLanguage="en" docName="PHawaiiEntomolSoc.56.29-59.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 56" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F23399B9330408C614D890974D7E38A2.2:PHawaiiEntomolSoc.2012-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="F23399B9330408C614D890974D7E38A2" docStyleName="PHawaiiEntomolSoc.2012-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Panaphelix nalowale Rubinoff & nov, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="774FFFD9E73CD976FF86D903EE7DFFEF" masterDocTitle="Nine New Species of Hawaiian Leaf-roller Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Including One Probably Extinct Species" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1736984671831" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="9CFF44160C2CFFB97C74A97464220D09" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F001856341AAE98EDCE5145FC00FF849">
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<mods:title id="D03D9CA733472F50E8050BD3EA79D3C1">Nine New Species of Hawaiian Leaf-roller Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Including One Probably Extinct Species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5529697FF7D1D44706B7965063207DBF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5C9A7343F1695CDE4662A3679187E1B0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ED6B895E7C21200B7883057345587F80">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DF295FEEFF18976E6B5BF8D33E36E5B1">Austin Daniel Rubinoff, Kyhl A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FEE901EC608FB17F84FA1C7F01A4BD26" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="FDD3116AABBA7A6B2247933DB7E02AE1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D1FB95AA0D4DA969FBCAFFCA42D9D920">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D68586272A11C1B57A5931AB449CEEA8">nov, sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E44758CA38F57F8455EDA38B54D89824">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="D05A98E038633A7E11375F59376E8CDA" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3A4AF3920CE0C0B1E4C77784800F2539">
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<mods:title id="57D535F35536EDFE74D80806B1662EE6">Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="78746FE4469FED6F3D089D289064A754">
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<mods:date id="4F14CE64F1C6A2FEF5A4F12B1692EB1B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="ACBDC705E79435B456452D322884B584" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3B0DDDA1530A133581D93D31F7E38106">56</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="F1C5A49043B30F10186951AFC29276B7" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="76CF96E91269717563325D9772EE1FDA">29</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="547613A08069E2264FD9397E7F397A14">59</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="F5C20F796F101DB6F7D619064894E3F7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A5260B33D4A04C8241652A45242D94E5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.14661935</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5DF37A5FE0EFA3EABF878A652B8BF87D" type="ISSN">0073-134X</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1D460EB71AEDB3B456F935D6EB015317" type="Zenodo-Dep">14661935</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="8B7687A1E728D963FDEBDAE0ED93FA0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B7687A1E728D963FDEBDAE0ED93FA0D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B7687A1E728D963FDEBDAE0ED93FA0D" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE728D962FDEBDAE0EDAEFC13" box="[621,979,995,1020]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="036036B7E728D962FDEBDAE0EDAEFC13" blockId="20.[592,1011,995,1567]" box="[621,979,995,1020]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="582881DBE728D962FDEBDAE0EDAEFC13" bold="true" box="[621,979,995,1020]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E728D962FDEBDAE0EDAEFC13" bold="true" box="[621,979,995,1020]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E728D962FDEBDAE0ED1AFC13" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[621,871,995,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Panaphelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nalowale" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E728D962FDEBDAE0ED1AFC13" bold="true" box="[621,871,995,1020]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Panaphelix nalowale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A9857DEE728D962FCF3DAE0EDAEFC13" box="[885,979,995,1020]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE728D962FD59DD01ED1CFBF5" box="[735,865,1026,1051]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="036036B7E728D962FD59DD01ED1CFBF5" blockId="20.[592,1011,995,1567]" box="[735,865,1026,1051]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E728D962FD59DD01ED44FBF4" box="[735,825,1026,1051]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[144,217,593,617]" captionTargetBox="[144,1008,144,575]" captionTargetId="figure-87@3.[144,1008,144,575]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Tortricinae adults.A.Panaphelix nalowale, holotype, ♂, Oʻahu (BPBM). B. Panaphelix mapala, holotype, ♂, Hawaiʻi(UHIM). C. Panaphelix mapala,paratype,♀, Hawaiʻi (UHIM). D.Panaphelix kikokea, holotype, ♂, Maui (UHIM). E. Pararrhaptica huihui, holotype, ♂, Kauaʻi (UHIM). F. Pararrhaptica huihui, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (NHMUK). G. Spheterista hoihoi, paratype, ♂, Kauaʻi (NHMUK). H. Spheterista hoihoi, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (NHMUK). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661939/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E728D962FCC5DD01ED1CFBF5" box="[835,865,1026,1050]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[144,217,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[144,1007,165,1134]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[144,1008,144,1137]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Panaphelix male genitalia. A. Panaphelix nalowale, holotype, KAA diss. #0420, Oʻahu (UHIM). B. Panaphelix mapala, holotype, Hawaiʻi, KAA diss. #1121 (UHIM). C. Panaphelix kikokea, holotype, Maui, KAA diss. #0810 (UHIM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661949/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">5A</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE728D962FDEEDD22ECBFFB3E" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="036036B7E728D962FDEEDD22ECBFFB3E" blockId="20.[592,1011,995,1567]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E728D962FDEEDD22EC9AFBD6" bold="true" box="[616,743,1057,1081]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E728D962FD72DD22ED8DFBD6" box="[756,1008,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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Panapehlix
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E728D962FC00DD22ED8DFBD6" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[902,1008,1057,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Panaphelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nalowale">nalowale</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(Oʻahu) is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E728D962FCF8DD43ECE3FB99" authority="(Maui)" baseAuthorityName="Maui" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Panaphelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kikokea">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E728D962FCF8DD43EDF1FBB8" box="[894,908,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E728D962FC1BDD3CED8DFBB8" box="[925,1008,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">kikokea</emphasis>
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(Maui)
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</taxonomicName>
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but can be distinguished by its smaller size, pale brown forewing color and wide, conspicuous antemedian interfascia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE728D962FDEEDDD4ED8EFAC3" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="036036B7E728D962FDEEDDD4ED8EFAC3" blockId="20.[592,1011,995,1567]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E728D962FDEEDDD4ED68FB00" bold="true" box="[616,789,1239,1263]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="B3B73CEAE728D962FCA7DDD4ED8EFAC3" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Pahole & S. L. Montgomery" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E728D962FCA7DDD4ED8DFB00" bold="true" box="[801,1008,1239,1263]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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<typeStatus id="DC648815E728D962FCA7DDD4EDF2FB00" box="[801,911,1239,1263]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: Oʻahu:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE728D962FDD6DDF5EC1EFAE2" box="[592,611,1270,1293]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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, Mokulēʻia,
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<collectorName id="AE2A5361E728D962FD6BDDF5ED4BFAE1" box="[749,822,1270,1294]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Pahole</collectorName>
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; xii [19]74;
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<collectorName id="AE2A5361E728D962FC3ADDF5ECA8FAC2" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">S. L. Montgomery</collectorName>
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/ KAAdiss.#0420 (
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<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E728D962FC1ADC17ED9AFAC3" box="[924,999,1300,1324]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE728D963FDEEDC31EDC7FDF9" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="036036B7E728D963FDEEDC31ED8CFE18" blockId="20.[592,1011,995,1567]" lastBlockId="21.[592,1010,145,1507]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E728D962FDEEDC31ED8DFAA5" bold="true" box="[616,1008,1330,1355]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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Description. Male (n=1).
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E728D962FC2CDC31ED8DFAA5" bold="true" box="[938,1008,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Head.</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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Scales on frons long, erect, pale brown, with scattered pale yellow scales; scales on vertex pale yellow; labial palpus approximately 2× width of compound eye, scales on lateral surface entirely pale brown, second segment with scaling greatly expanded dorsally; medial surface with scaling pale yellow at base, pale brown apically. Ocellus moderate, separated from compound eye by approximately width of ocellus. Scape with scaling pale brown; flagellum strongly bipectinate; ramus approximately 3× width of flagellomere, unscaled; sensillae short, approximately 0.1× length of ramus; dorsal scales of flagellum alternating between rows of pale brown and pale yellow for flagellomeres 1–5,entirely pale brown beyond (antennae broken beyond flagellomere 13 and
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<quantity id="C4279B52E729D963FD91D8DCEED9FDF9" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
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left and right antenna, respectively).
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FF16DB1FEE92FDDB" bold="true" box="[144,239,540,564]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Dorsum with scaling pale yellow, dorsal tuft pale brown; tegulae pale yellow at base, pale brown apically. Lateral surface of foreleg and midleg with scaling pale brown, tarsal segments ringed with pale yellow at apices; hindleg scaling entirely pale yellow except for a small patch of pale brown scales present on apical half of tibia. Dorsal surface of FW (
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<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E729D963FF6CDA2DEF3CFCA9" box="[234,321,814,838]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[144,217,593,617]" captionTargetBox="[144,1008,144,575]" captionTargetId="figure-87@3.[144,1008,144,575]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Tortricinae adults.A.Panaphelix nalowale, holotype, ♂, Oʻahu (BPBM). B. Panaphelix mapala, holotype, ♂, Hawaiʻi(UHIM). C. Panaphelix mapala,paratype,♀, Hawaiʻi (UHIM). D.Panaphelix kikokea, holotype, ♂, Maui (UHIM). E. Pararrhaptica huihui, holotype, ♂, Kauaʻi (UHIM). F. Pararrhaptica huihui, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (NHMUK). G. Spheterista hoihoi, paratype, ♂, Kauaʻi (NHMUK). H. Spheterista hoihoi, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (NHMUK). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661939/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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; FWL:
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<quantity id="C4279B52E729D963FE1DDA2DEF8DFCA9" box="[411,496,814,838]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
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) with ground color brown; pale brown scales present at extreme base and distal half of costa; antemedian interfascia broad, well-defined, widened into a near-perfect circle medially, bordered with black scales, filled with pale brown scales at costa and inner margin; white scales present medially; a small black dot present at end of cell and a small black-ringed scale present just beyond, filled with pale brown scales; fringe pale brown, slightly darker at apex; costal fold absent. Ventral surface of FW brown, patches of pale brown scaling present along costa, mirroring pale scaling on dorsal surface. Dorsal surface of HW dirty white at base, pale brown apically, heavily suffused with brown strigulae. Ventral surface of HW concolorous with dorsal surface of HW, but slightly paler.
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FF16DC8EEE81FA4A" bold="true" box="[144,252,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Vestiture of abdomen entirely brown. Genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E729D963FED0DCAFEFD4FA2B" box="[342,425,1452,1476]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[144,217,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[144,1007,165,1134]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[144,1008,144,1137]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Panaphelix male genitalia. A. Panaphelix nalowale, holotype, KAA diss. #0420, Oʻahu (UHIM). B. Panaphelix mapala, holotype, Hawaiʻi, KAA diss. #1121 (UHIM). C. Panaphelix kikokea, holotype, Maui, KAA diss. #0810 (UHIM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661949/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
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) with uncus slender, apically swollen, shallowly cleft, nearly heart-shaped, with moderate, hair-like setae on apicoventral surface; socii absent; arms of gnathos moderate, fused beyond 0.5×, distinctly forked at apex; tegumen high, somewhat slender, without significant modifications; transtilla broad, ribbon-like; valva broad, subcircular, membranous; sacculus well-developed, highly sclerotized, with broad, somewhat rounded, extension beyond apex; juxta large, broad, plate-like, with distinct medial groove; phallus short, squat, slightly downcurved; caulis obsolete; vesica without observed cornuti or sockets.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="036036B7E729D963FDEED8FDEDC7FDF9" blockId="21.[592,1010,145,1507]" box="[616,954,509,534]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FDEED8FDEC80FDFA" bold="true" box="[616,765,509,534]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Female (n=0).</emphasis>
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Female unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE729D963FDEEDB1FED16FD41" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="036036B7E729D963FDEEDB1FED16FD41" blockId="21.[592,1010,145,1507]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FDEEDB1FECC3FDDB" bold="true" box="[616,702,540,564]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Biology.</emphasis>
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This species is possibly a leaf-tier on
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E729D963FD27DB39ED4BFDBD" box="[673,822,570,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FD27DB39ED7FFDBD" box="[673,770,570,594]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Melicope</emphasis>
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spp.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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The only known host for
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E729D963FD2ADB5AED59FD9E" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[684,804,601,625]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Panaphelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FD2ADB5AED59FD9E" box="[684,804,601,625]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Panaphelix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is alani (
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E729D963FC09DB5AECC8FD60" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clusiifolia">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FC09DB5AECC8FD60" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Melicope clusiifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E729D963FD46DB74ED60FD60" box="[704,797,631,655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
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) for the Maui species
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E729D963FDD6DB95ED16FD41" authority="Walsingham." authorityName="Walsingham." box="[592,875,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Panaphelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorata">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FDD6DB95EC20FD42" box="[592,605,662,685]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FDECDB95ECA3FD42" box="[618,734,662,685]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">marmorata</emphasis>
|
||
Walsingham.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE729D963FDEEDBB7EDC9FC4F" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E729D963FDEEDBB7EDC9FC4F" blockId="21.[592,1010,145,1507]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FDEEDBB7EC8EFD23" bold="true" box="[616,755,692,716]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E729D963FD7DDBB7EDAAFD23" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[763,983,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Panaphelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nalowale">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FD7DDBB7EDAAFD23" box="[763,983,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Panaphelix nalowale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is knownfromasinglespecimencollectedin what is now Pahole Natural Area Reserve in the northern Waiʻanae Mountains. If still extant, it should be sought in similar native-dominated mesic forest elsewhere in the Waiʻanae Mountains wherever its likely host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E729D963FD79DA8AED20FC4E" box="[767,861,905,929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FD79DA8AED20FC4E" box="[767,861,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Melicope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occurs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE729D963FDEEDAA4ED93FA0D" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E729D963FDEEDAA4ECDCFBF5" blockId="21.[592,1010,145,1507]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FDEEDAA4ECA2FC50" bold="true" box="[616,735,935,959]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E729D963FCF8DAA4ED99FC50" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[894,996,935,959]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Panaphelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nalowale">“nalowale</taxonomicName>
|
||
,” meaning “vanished” or “extinct,” referring to the likely extinct status of this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E729D963FDEEDD22ED93FA0D" blockId="21.[592,1010,145,1507]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FDEEDD22ED19FBD6" bold="true" box="[616,868,1057,1081]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Conservation Status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E729D963FCF6DD22ECD3FBB8" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Panaphelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nalowale">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FCF6DD22ECD3FBB8" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Panaphelix nalowale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely critically endangered or extinct. It is only known from a single specimen collected 50 years ago and has not been seen since, despite Pahole Natural Area Reserve being one of the most well-surveyed sites for moths in the Waiʻanae Mountains. However, two possible host plants of this species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E729D963FDD6DC31ED46FAA5" box="[592,827,1330,1354]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FDD6DC31ED46FAA5" box="[592,827,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Melicope sandwicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E729D963FCECDC30ED8DFAA5" box="[874,1008,1330,1354]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FCECDC30ED03FAA5" box="[874,894,1331,1354]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E729D963FC0FDC31ED8DFAA5" box="[905,1008,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">oahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are still extant in the area, but very rare (DLNR-DOFAW2017,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="674E4B46E729D963FCB0DC6CEDBFFA68" author="OANRP & Army Natural Resources Program & Oahu" box="[822,962,1391,1415]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" pagination="2011 - 2017" refId="ref18889" refString="OANRP (Army Natural Resources Program - Oahu). 2018. 2018 Status Report for the Makua and Oahu Implementation Plans. Appendix 3 - 9 Kapuna Upper Management Unit Vegetation Monitoring, 2011 - 2017. 22 pp." type="book chapter" year="2018">OANRP2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).We have not surveyed in their vicinity, giving some hope that if these plants are located, this species may still be found to persist.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |