280 lines
36 KiB
XML
280 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B1E45A2370D20C741AFD013CF4D71D48">Taxonomic notes on some Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Madeira</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3B37AA79BA38E7279D183033303EBF50">Berning, Björn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="83A6B93D8C24348CF6CDF7DD69223589">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BB9E616CC18DB9C09F9A124D502C9124">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8B497008BE73FFC2AE8CFE10FDD3FEA5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5667278" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119511130" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5667278" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B497008BE73FFC2AE8CFE10FDD3FEA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B497008BE73FFC2AE8CFE10FDD3FEA5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="4BFA9295BE73FFCDAE8CFE10FD84FDD6" box="[151,518,509,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE73FFCDAE8CFE10FD84FDD6" blockId="7.[151,518,509,535]" box="[151,518,509,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="58177672BE73FFCDAE8CFE10FD84FDD6" bold="true" box="[151,518,509,535]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAE8CFE10FD84FDD6" bold="true" box="[151,518,509,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAEF5FE10FD84FDD6" ID-CoL="84TD8" authority="Bobies, 1956" authorityName="Bobies" authorityYear="1956" box="[238,518,509,535]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAEF5FE10FEE6FDD6" bold="true" box="[238,356,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Saevitella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAF71FE10FD84FDD6" author="Bobies" box="[362,518,509,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Bobies, C. A. (1956) Bryozoenstudien I. Die Bryozoenfauna der tortonen Strandbildungen von Kalksburg bei Wien. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 99, 225 - 258." type="journal article" year="1956">Bobies, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BFA9295BE73FFCDAE8CFDA9FDEDFDB9" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE73FFCDAE8CFDA9FDEDFDB9" blockId="7.[151,665,579,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="23F0E630BE73FFCDAE8CFDA9FDEDFDB9" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAE8CFDA9FE3FFD98" ID-CoL="84TD8" authority="Bobies, 1956: 251" authorityName="Bobies" authorityPageNumber="251" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,445,579,602]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAE8CFDA9FF79FD9B" box="[151,251,580,602]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Saevitella</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="8241E70FBE73FFCDAF1AFDAEFE3FFD98" author="Bobies" box="[257,445,579,601]" page="251" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAF1AFDAEFE08FD98" author="Bobies" box="[257,394,579,601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Bobies, C. A. (1956) Bryozoenstudien I. Die Bryozoenfauna der tortonen Strandbildungen von Kalksburg bei Wien. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 99, 225 - 258." type="journal article" year="1956">Bobies, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 251
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="8241E70FBE73FFCDAFDCFDAEFD17FD98" author="Zagorsek" box="[455,661,579,601]" page="162" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAFDCFDAEFDE0FD98" author="Zagorsek" box="[455,610,579,601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Zagorsek, K. (2010) Bryozoa from the Langhian (Miocene) of the Czech Republic. Part II: Systematic description of the subor- der Ascophora Levinsen, 1909 and paleoecological reconstruction of the studied paleoenvironment. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, ser. B, Historia Naturalis, 66, 139 - 255." type="journal article" year="2010">Zágoršek 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 162
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="DC5B7FBCBE73FFCDAE8CFD8EFF4AFDB9" box="[151,200,611,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAF3DFD8FFDE9FDB9" ID-CoL="86RQQ" authority="Bobies, 1956" authorityName="Bobies" authorityYear="1956" box="[294,619,610,632]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAF3DFD8FFE5EFDB9" box="[294,476,610,632]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Saevitella inermis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAFF9FD8FFDE9FDB9" author="Bobies" box="[482,619,610,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Bobies, C. A. (1956) Bryozoenstudien I. Die Bryozoenfauna der tortonen Strandbildungen von Kalksburg bei Wien. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 99, 225 - 258." type="journal article" year="1956">Bobies, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BFA9295BE73FFCDAE8CFD48FBDEFCB0" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE73FFCDAE8CFD48FBDEFCB0" blockId="7.[151,1437,677,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAE8CFD48FE1AFD7F" bold="true" box="[151,408,677,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis (amended).</emphasis>
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Colony encrusting. Zooidal frontal shield a pseudoporous cryptocyst. Basal pore-chambers absent. Primary orifice in autozooecia suborbicular with indistinct condyles and a prominent peristome, no oral spines; orifice in maternal zooids slightly dimorphic. Ovicell subimmersed in maternal zooid, hyperstomial ooecium produced by distal zooid and fused onto distal zooecial margin of maternal zooid; calcified endooecium pseudoporous and similar to frontal zooidal shield, ectooecium membranous and continuous with frontal ectocyst, ovicell opening closed by zooidal operculum. Avicularia absent. Ancestrula unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BFA9295BE73FFC2AED2FC90FDD3FEA5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE73FFCDAED2FC90FD97FBAC" blockId="7.[151,1437,677,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAED2FC90FEBFFC54" bold="true" box="[201,317,893,917]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAFC8FC90FDC3FC54" box="[467,577,893,917]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAFC8FC90FDC3FC54" box="[467,577,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Saevitella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was introduced for the Miocene Paratethyan species
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAAD7FC90FEB3FC78" authority="Bobies, 1956" authorityName="Bobies" authorityYear="1956" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAAD7FC90FA1EFC54" box="[1228,1436,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Saevitella inermis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAE8CFC4CFEB3FC78" author="Bobies" box="[151,305,929,953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Bobies, C. A. (1956) Bryozoenstudien I. Die Bryozoenfauna der tortonen Strandbildungen von Kalksburg bei Wien. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 99, 225 - 258." type="journal article" year="1956">Bobies, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAFA9FC4FFDA7FC78" box="[434,549,930,953]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAFA9FC4FFDA7FC78" box="[434,549,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">S. inermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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remained the only species in the genus until now, three little-known species from the Mediterranean Pliocene should also be placed in
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAD27FC28FC40FC1C" box="[828,962,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAD27FC28FC29FC1C" box="[828,939,965,989]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Saevitella</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDADD6FC28FAD9FC1C" authority="Manzoni, 1869" authorityName="Manzoni" authorityYear="1869" box="[973,1371,965,989]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="gibbosula">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDADD6FC28FB27FC1C" box="[973,1189,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Lepralia gibbosula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAAB4FC28FAD9FC1C" author="Manzoni" box="[1199,1371,965,989]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Manzoni, A. (1869) Bryozoi fossili Italiani. Terza Contribuzione. Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien (I. Abth.), 60, 930 - 944." type="journal article" year="1869">Manzoni, 1869</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="7BF7818EBE73FFCDAE8CFC04FF49FBC0" box="[151,203,1001,1025]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Italy</collectingCountry>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAEC1FC04FDD2FBC0" authority="Buge, 1956" authorityName="Buge" authorityYear="1956" box="[218,592,1001,1026]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Alysidotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cipollai">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAEC1FC04FE43FBC0" box="[218,449,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Alysidotella cipollai</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAFD0FC07FDD2FBC0" author="Buge" box="[459,592,1001,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Buge, E. (1956) Les bryozoaires du Pliocene du Cap Bon (Tunisie). Annales des Mines et de la Geologie, 17, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1956">Buge, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="7BF7818EBE73FFCDAC87FC04FD70FBC0" box="[668,754,1001,1025]" name="Tunisia" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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, and an undescribed species from the Carboneras basin in southern
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<collectingCountry id="7BF7818EBE73FFCDAF1BFBE0FEC2FBE4" box="[256,320,1037,1061]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(pers. observ.). However, the relationships between these species are unclear at present. Owing to very similar morphologies, it could be that
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAC99FBDFFC8CFB88" box="[642,782,1073,1097]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="gibbosula">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAC99FBDFFC8CFB88" box="[642,782,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">L. gibbosula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAA3BFBDCFB15FB88" box="[1056,1175,1073,1097]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Alysidotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cipollai">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAA3BFBDCFB15FB88" box="[1056,1175,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">A. cipollai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and even of
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAB30FBDFFA1EFB88" box="[1323,1436,1074,1097]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAB30FBDFFA1EFB88" box="[1323,1436,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">S. inermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(C. Pizzaferri, pers. comm. 2010).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE73FFCDAED2FB94FCA7FB18" blockId="7.[151,1437,677,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
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The absence of Recent
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAFCEFB94FDC1FB50" box="[469,579,1145,1169]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAFCEFB94FDC1FB50" box="[469,579,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Saevitella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Mediterranean Sea and its presence around Madeira may suggest that this archipelago acted as a refuge for Paratethyan/Mediterranean taxa during the Messinian salinity crisis and/ or the Pleistocene temperature minima (cf.
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<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAC60FB2CFC98FB18" author="Berning" box="[635,794,1217,1241]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Berning, B. (2006) The cheilostome bryozoan fauna from the Late Miocene of Niebla (Guadalquivir Basin, SW Spain): environmental and biogeographic implications. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 90, 7 - 156." type="journal article" year="2006">Berning 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="035FC11EBE73FFCDAED2FB08FCC2FA38" blockId="7.[151,1437,677,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
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Orificial outline and size in maternal zooids are not markedly distinct from non-maternal ones in both
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAB51FB0BFF3CFAE0" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="inermis">
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||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAB51FB0BFF3CFAE0" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">S. inermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the Madeiran
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<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAF80FAE4FD1BFAE0" box="[411,665,1289,1313]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="peristomata">
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<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAF80FAE4FD1BFAE0" box="[411,665,1289,1313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Saevitella peristomata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDACB1FAE4FC48FAE0" author="Waters" box="[682,970,1289,1313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Waters, A. W. (1899) Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1899, 6 - 16." type="journal article" year="1899">Waters, 1899; see below</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although apertures in ovicellate zooids may be slightly larger. However, the distal margin in a maternal zooecium does not form the distal rim of the primary orifice but is a distally bulging vertical wall. The ooecium, which is produced by the distal zooid, is a terminal continuation of this wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BDBDD9BBE73FFCDAFE8FA98FDFEFA4C" box="[499,636,1397,1421]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="9.[151,263,1766,1789]" captionTargetBox="[212,1381,193,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[212,1381,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Saevitella peristomata (Waters, 1899) n. comb. 13, surface of mature colony with ovicellate zooids (lectotype, MMF 42043 a). 14, primary orifice, note the immersed, downward pointing condyle (arrow) which is visible only in lateral view (lectotype, MMF 42043 a). 15, two ovicellate zooids (lectotype, MMF 42043 a). 16, view into an ooecium; the upper part of the endooecium is fused onto the distal zooecial margin of the maternal zooid, while a basal wall of the brooding cavity is lacking, suggesting that incubation is partly internal (lectotype, MMF 42043 a). 17, autozooids in which the peristome is eight-shaped and the central indentations nearly meet in the centre (paralectotype, MMF 42043 c). 18, distal view into the same ooecium as in Fig. 16, showing the bulging distal zooecial wall and endooecium, and one condyle (arrow); note that the distal margin of the primary orifice is absent, suggesting that the ovicell is closed by the operculum (lectotype, MMF 42043 a; photo courtesy of A. Ostrovsky). Scale bars: Fig. 13 = 200 µm; Figs 14, 16 = 40 µm; Figs 15, 17, 18 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211027/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Figs 16, 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). The operculum is, therefore, likely to rest on the proximal ooecial margin and ovicell closure is of the cleithral
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC5B7FBCBE73FFCDAC88FA77FD41FA73" box="[659,707,1434,1458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDACE1FA74FC30FA70" author="Ostrovsky" box="[762,946,1433,1457]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (2008) Brood chambers in cheilostome Bryozoa: diversity and revised terminology. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication, 15, 195 - 204." type="journal article" year="2008">Ostrovsky 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7BF7818EBE73FFCDADDDFA77FC67FA73" box="[966,997,1434,1458]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
there is also no calcified basal ooecial wall the brooding sac is likely to extend deeply into the distal part of the maternal zooecium, i.e. whereas the ooecium is hyperstomial, the ovicell as a whole is subimmersed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="035FC11EBE73FFCDAED2F9E8FACCF80C" blockId="7.[151,1437,677,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The systematic placement of the genus remains doubtful. Whereas originally assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAAE6F9E8FE1EF980" authority="Canu & Bassler, 1917" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1917" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phylactellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
Phylactellidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAE8CF9C4FE1EF980" author="Canu" box="[151,412,1577,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1917) A synopsis of American early Tertiary cheilostome Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 96, 7 - 87." type="journal article" year="1917">Canu & Bassler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAFD6F9C4FC8EF980" authority="Levinsen, 1909" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[461,780,1577,1601]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
Smittinidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAC42F9C4FC8EF980" author="Levinsen" box="[601,780,1577,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1909) Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatteres Forlag, Copenhagen, 431 p." type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAD53F9C4FC6DF980" author="Bobies" box="[840,1007,1577,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Bobies, C. A. (1956) Bryozoenstudien I. Die Bryozoenfauna der tortonen Strandbildungen von Kalksburg bei Wien. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 99, 225 - 258." type="journal article" year="1956">Bobies (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Gordon (pers. comm. 2011) rightly removed the genus from this family owing to differences in ovicell formation and tentatively placed it in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAB72F9A0FE59F948" authority="Levinsen, 1909" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
Hippopodinidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAF31F99CFE59F948" author="Levinsen" box="[298,475,1649,1673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1909) Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatteres Forlag, Copenhagen, 431 p." type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, there are also certain similarities, particularly concerning the structure of the zooid, orifice and ovicell, with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAC87F978FC50F96C" authority="Levinsen, 1909" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[668,978,1685,1709]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cheiloporinidae" genus="Cheilopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAC87F978FC9EF96C" box="[668,796,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Cheilopora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAD3FF978FC50F96C" author="Levinsen" box="[804,978,1685,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1909) Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatteres Forlag, Copenhagen, 431 p." type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and another fossil species that has been recorded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAF06F954FD7EF910" authority="Cipolla, 1921" authorityName="Cipolla" authorityYear="1921" box="[285,764,1721,1745]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cheiloporinidae" genus="Cheiloporina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="campanulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAF06F954FDC9F910" box="[285,587,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Cheiloporina campanulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAC41F954FD76F910" author="Cipolla" box="[602,756,1721,1745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Cipolla, F. (1921) I Briozoi pliocenici di Altavilla presso Palermo. Giornale di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche di Palermo, 32, 1 - 185." type="journal article" year="1921">Cipolla, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAB47F957FF7CF934" author="Berning" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Berning, B. (2006) The cheilostome bryozoan fauna from the Late Miocene of Niebla (Guadalquivir Basin, SW Spain): environmental and biogeographic implications. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 90, 7 - 156." type="journal article" year="2006">Berning 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 96, figs 121, 122). Both genera are currently placed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDADBFF930FB7EF934" authority="Bassler, 1936" authorityName="Bassler" authorityYear="1936" box="[932,1276,1757,1781]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cheiloporinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
Cheiloporinidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAA7AF930FB7EF934" author="Bassler" box="[1121,1276,1757,1781]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Bassler, R. S. (1936) Nomenclatorial notes on fossil and Recent Bryozoa. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 156 - 162." type="journal article" year="1936">Bassler, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although it is unclear to which genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAFBBF8EFFDD1F8D8" box="[416,595,1793,1817]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cheiloporinidae" genus="Cheiloporina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="campanulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAFBBF8EFFDD1F8D8" box="[416,595,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">C. campanulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
actually belongs as it differs from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC5B7FBCBE73FFCDAA18F8EFFBB1F8DB" box="[1027,1075,1794,1818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAAABF8ECFAC7F8D8" box="[1200,1349,1793,1817]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cheiloporinidae" genus="Cheiloporina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAAABF8ECFAC7F8D8" box="[1200,1349,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Cheiloporina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAB48F8EFFE5BF8FC" authority="Neviani, 1896" authorityName="Neviani" authorityYear="1896" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cheiloporinidae" genus="Cheiloporina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="circumcincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAB48F8EFFE88F8FC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">C. circumcincta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAF38F8C8FE53F8FC" author="Neviani" box="[291,465,1829,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Neviani, A. (1896) Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d'Italia. Parte 3. Bolletino della Societa Romana per gli studi Zoologici, 5, 102 - 125." type="journal article" year="1896">Neviani, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having a pseudoporous endooecium. Revision of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAAB5F8C8FAE0F8FC" box="[1198,1378,1829,1853]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Hippopodinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAE8CF8A4FEC9F8A0" box="[151,331,1865,1889]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cheiloporinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Cheiloporinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are certainly needed.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAC5EF8A4FCC3F8A0" box="[581,833,1865,1889]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Saevitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="peristomata">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAC5EF8A4FCC3F8A0" box="[581,833,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Saevitella peristomata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAAD1F8A7FEC8F844" authority="Canu & Bassler, 1927" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1927" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAAD1F8A7FADBF8A0" box="[1226,1369,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Cosciniopsis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAB7AF8A4FEC8F844" author="Canu" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1927) Classification of the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 69, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1927">Canu & Bassler, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAF92F880FD8BF844" author="Cook" box="[393,521,1901,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Cook, P. L. (1968) Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the coast of tropical West Africa. Atlantide Report, 10, 115 - 262." type="journal article" year="1968">Cook 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 182). However, although some superficial similarities exist with some of the species in that genus, e.g. with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAFF8F87FFC07F868" authority="Busk, 1884" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1884" box="[483,901,1937,1961]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lonchaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAFF8F87FFD61F868" box="[483,739,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Cosciniopsis lonchaea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDACEEF87CFCFFF868" author="Busk" box="[757,893,1937,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Busk, G. (1884) Report on the Polyzoa. Part I. The Cheilostomata. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger During the Years 1873 - 76, 10, 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1884">Busk, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC5B7FBCBE73FFCDADDBF87FFC72F86B" box="[960,1008,1938,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAA63F87FFA8AF868" box="[1144,1288,1938,1961]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAA63F87FFA8AF868" box="[1144,1288,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Cosciniopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE73FFCDAB00F87FFE0CF80C" authority="Canu & Bassler, 1927" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1927" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="coelatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE73FFCDAB00F87FFA1EF868" box="[1307,1436,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">C. coelatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE73FFCDAE8CF858FE0CF80C" author="Canu" box="[151,398,1973,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1927) Classification of the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 69, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1927">Canu & Bassler, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) differs in several aspects, including ovicell formation and the presence of avicularia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="035FC11EBE7CFFC2AED2FF7AFDD3FEA5" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Zágoršek's (2010: 161) decision to transfer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7CFFC2ACA3FF75FCEEFF71" box="[696,876,152,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cheiloporinidae" genus="Cheiloporina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="campanulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7CFFC2ACA3FF75FCEEFF71" box="[696,876,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">C. campanulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the cheiloporinid genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7CFFC2AABFFF75FEE4FF15" authority="Bishop & Hayward, 1989" authorityName="Bishop & Hayward" authorityYear="1989" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cheiloporinidae" genus="Hagiosynodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7CFFC2AABFFF75FAC6FF71" box="[1188,1348,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">Hagiosynodos</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7CFFC2AB57FF7AFEE4FF15" author="Bishop" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" refString="Bishop, J. D. D. & Hayward, P. J. (1989) SEM atlas of type and figured material from Robert Lagaaij's ' The Pliocene Bryozoa of the Low Countries' (1952). Mededelingen van Rijks Geologischen Dienst, 43, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1989">Bishop & Hayward, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not accepted here as there are distinct differences – in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7CFFC2AA11FF50FB42FF15" box="[1034,1216,188,212]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cheiloporinidae" genus="Cheiloporina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="campanulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7CFFC2AA11FF50FB42FF15" box="[1034,1216,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">C. campanulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the endooecium is entirely pseudoporous, basal pore-chambers are absent, and budding is of the zooidal
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC5B7FBCBE7CFFC2AA71FF0DFB18FF39" box="[1130,1178,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7CFFC2AAB7FF0CFB68FF39" box="[1196,1258,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6771BCEFBE7CFFC2AAE9FF32FA0DFF36" author="Lidgard" box="[1266,1423,223,247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" refString="Lidgard, S. (1985) Zooid and colony growth in encrusting cheilostome bryozoans. Palaeontology, 28, 255 - 291." type="journal article" year="1985">Lidgard 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E0BA9DBE7CFFC2AF02FEE9FE3BFEDD" box="[281,441,260,284]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cheiloporinidae" genus="Hagiosynodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31941D0CBE7CFFC2AF02FEE9FE3BFEDD" box="[281,441,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">Hagiosynodos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the endooecium is perforated by marginal pores only, basal pore-chambers are present, and budding is of the intrazooidal
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC5B7FBCBE7CFFC2AC3AFEC5FDD7FE81" box="[545,597,296,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. In fact, owing to the different budding
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC5B7FBCBE7CFFC2AA3AFEC5FBDDFE81" box="[1057,1119,296,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, it is arguable whether they should belong to the same family at all.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |