treatments-xml/data/8A/64/87/8A6487A5FFDBA930FF11FF72FD86FBDA.xml

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<mods:title id="E42C7D679BC8F1AF029B9EC38395AFA8">Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9843E51DB90C025F1E45E8612DAAA0F3">Hou, Yanmeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A7A9146E8437DBFC60A574C4A8DD70D9">Gao, Zhizhong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9121E90C3662403239A7208D65B393E9">Zhang, Feng</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFDBA93EFF11FF72FE37FF79" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,476,152,179]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFF11FF72FE37FF79" bold="true" box="[151,476,152,179]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lagynochthonius minimus</emphasis>
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(小IJ伪oi)
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<paragraph id="027236B3FFDBA93EFF11FF56FEFEFF1D" blockId="21.[151,722,152,214]" box="[151,277,188,214]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFF11FF56FEFEFF1D" box="[151,277,188,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 14" captionStart-1="FIGURE 15" captionStart-2="FIGURE 16" captionStart-3="FIGURE 17" captionStart-4="FIGURE 18" captionStartId-0="22.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,250,1692,1716]" captionStartId-2="24.[151,250,1057,1081]" captionStartId-3="25.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionStartId-4="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,273,1891]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetBox-2="[175,1421,193,1033]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetBox-4="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId-0="figure-68@22.[151,1436,273,1891]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetId-2="figure-20@24.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetId-3="figure-70@25.[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetId-4="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionTargetPageId-3="25" captionTargetPageId-4="26" captionText-0="FIGURE 14. Yanfen Cave, one of the type localities of Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Entrance; B. Inside the cave entrance; C. A long tunnel to the interior of the cave; D. The end of the tunnel (junction with cave interior); E–F.Areas where L. minimus sp. nov. specimens were collected; G. Live male of L. minimus sp. nov. in its natural environment." captionText-1="FIGURE 15. Cizhu Cave, one of the type localities of Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Entrance; B. Inside the cave entrance; C. Area where L. minimus sp. nov. specimens were collected; D. Live female of L. minimus sp. nov. in its natural environment; E. Exit (junction with Yanzi Cave); F. Inside Yanzi Cave entrance; G. A waterway leading to the interior of Yanzi Cave." captionText-2="FIGURE 16. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B. Paratype female, habitus (dorsal view)." captionText-3="FIGURE 17. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male (A–D), paratype female (E): A. Left chela (lateral view); B. Carapace (dorsal view); C. Left chelicera (dorsal view); D. Male genital area (ventral view); E.Female genital area (ventral view)." captionText-4="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251646" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251650" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251870" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251659" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7251646/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7251650/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7251870/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7251659/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 14–18</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFF11FEEEFEA7FED5" bold="true" box="[151,332,260,286]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type material.</emphasis>
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(Ps.- 
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): 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<location id="07126068FFDBA93EFE6FFEC2FD97FE89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A6487A5FFDBA930FF11FF72FD86FBDA:07126068FFDBA93EFE6FFEC2FD97FE89" box="[489,636,296,322]" country="China" county="Xichou County" latitude="23.26098" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.563194" municipality="Xingjie Town" name="Yanfen Cave" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Yunnan">Yanfen Cave</location>
, under the stones in deep zone [
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, 
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], 
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a.s.l.
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, 
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<collectingDate id="6637E99BFFDBA93EFF7BFEA6FE29FEAD" box="[253,450,332,359]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2021-10-15">15 October 2021</collectingDate>
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, 
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, 
<collectorName id="AF385365FFDBA93EFDF1FEA7FCF5FEAC" box="[631,798,333,359]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Yanmeng Hou</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="AF385365FFDBA93EFCABFEA7FC75FEAD" box="[813,926,332,359]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lu Zhang</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="AF385365FFDBA93EFC4EFEA6FBFCFEAC" box="[968,1047,332,359]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Liu Fu</collectorName>
leg.
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: 
<specimenCount id="14CBFD3AFFDBA93EFB55FEA6FAEBFEAC" box="[1235,1280,332,359]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
(Ps.-MHBU-HBUARA#2021-44102-HBUARA#2021-44104), 
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<specimenCount id="14CBFD3AFFDBA93EFD59FE9AFCF2FE40" box="[735,793,368,395]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
(Ps.- 
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-HBUARA#2021- 44110), all with the same data as the holotype
</materialsCitation>
; 
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<specimenCount id="14CBFD3AFFDBA93EFD2AFE7EFD24FE65" box="[684,719,404,430]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
(Ps.- 
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-HBUARA#2021-44203), 
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, 
<collectingMunicipality id="E216ACC9FFDBA93EFEB9FE52FE2FFE19" box="[319,452,440,466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cizhu Cave</collectingMunicipality>
, under the stones and mud in the deep craters [
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, 
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], 
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a.s.l.
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, with the same collection date and collectors as the 
<typeStatus id="DD768811FFDBA93EFC94FE36FC93FE3D" box="[786,888,476,502]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AD76538FFDBA93EFF41FDEAFD5AFDF5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="027236B3FFDBA93EFF41FDEAFD5AFDF5" blockId="21.[151,1437,260,2015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFF41FDEAFEA5FDD1" bold="true" box="[199,334,512,538]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is derived from the Latin word “ 
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFDBA93EFC1DFDEBFC11FDD1" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[923,1018,513,538]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFC1DFDEBFC11FDD1" box="[923,1018,513,538]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, meaning small, which refers to the relative body size of this troglomorphic species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AD76538FFDBA93EFF41FDA2FC37FCDD" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="027236B3FFDBA93EFF41FDA2FC37FCDD" blockId="21.[151,1437,260,2015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFF41FDA2FE6FFDAD" bold="true" box="[199,388,584,614]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Diagnosis (
<specimenCount id="14CBFD3AFFDBA93EFECCFDA0FEB4FDAD" box="[330,351,586,614]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="14CBFD3AFFDBA93EFED9FDA0FE9FFDAD" box="[351,372,586,614]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
).
</emphasis>
Small-sized troglomorphic species with slightly elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome small and obtuse, rounded; posterior margin of carapace with 2 setae; tergites I–IV each with 4 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 6.67–7.00 (
<specimenCount id="14CBFD3AFFDBA93EFA86FD7AFAFCFD61" box="[1280,1303,656,682]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 5.90–6.10 (
<specimenCount id="14CBFD3AFFDBA93EFF24FD5EFF5FFD05" box="[162,180,692,718]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times longer than broad; chela 6.07–6.33 (
<specimenCount id="14CBFD3AFFDBA93EFD3BFD5EFD3FFD05" box="[701,724,692,718]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 6.14–6.54 (
<specimenCount id="14CBFD3AFFDBA93EFCF5FD5EFC6EFD05" box="[883,901,692,718]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) times longer than broad; both chelal fingers without intercalary teeth but with a modified accessory tooth (
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFCEFFD32FC94FD39" box="[873,895,728,754]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">td</emphasis>
) on dorso-antiaxial face of fixed chelal finger; chemosensory setae (
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFE01FD17FE75FCDD" box="[391,414,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sc</emphasis>
) present on dorsum of chelal hand; sensilla absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AD76538FFDBA932FF41FCCAFB8BFE8A" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="027236B3FFDBA93EFF41FCCAFBF9FCF1" blockId="21.[151,1437,260,2015]" box="[199,1042,800,826]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFF41FCCAFEB2FCF1" bold="true" box="[199,345,800,826]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
Males (
<typeStatus id="DD768811FFDBA93EFE35FCCAFDFCFCF1" box="[435,535,800,826]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="DD768811FFDBA93EFDCBFCCAFD51FCF1" box="[589,698,800,826]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFD56FCCAFCD0FCF1" box="[720,827,800,826]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-68@22.[151,1436,273,1891]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. Yanfen Cave, one of the type localities of Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Entrance; B. Inside the cave entrance; C. A long tunnel to the interior of the cave; D. The end of the tunnel (junction with cave interior); E–F.Areas where L. minimus sp. nov. specimens were collected; G. Live male of L. minimus sp. nov. in its natural environment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251646/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 14G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFCC1FCCAFC91FCF1" box="[839,890,800,826]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1057,1081]" captionTargetBox="[175,1421,193,1033]" captionTargetId="figure-20@24.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B. Paratype female, habitus (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251870/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">16A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFC03FCCAFC31FCF1" box="[901,986,800,826]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-70@25.[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male (A–D), paratype female (E): A. Left chela (lateral view); B. Carapace (dorsal view); C. Left chelicera (dorsal view); D. Male genital area (ventral view); E.Female genital area (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251659/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">17A–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFC60FCCAFBEEFCF1" box="[998,1029,800,826]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">18</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFDBA93EFF41FCAEFEE0FC49" blockId="21.[151,1437,260,2015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Colour (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFEA2FCAEFE7BFC95" box="[292,400,836,862]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-68@22.[151,1436,273,1891]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. Yanfen Cave, one of the type localities of Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Entrance; B. Inside the cave entrance; C. A long tunnel to the interior of the cave; D. The end of the tunnel (junction with cave interior); E–F.Areas where L. minimus sp. nov. specimens were collected; G. Live male of L. minimus sp. nov. in its natural environment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251646/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 14G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFE1AFCAEFE3BFC95" box="[412,464,836,862]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1057,1081]" captionTargetBox="[175,1421,193,1033]" captionTargetId="figure-20@24.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B. Paratype female, habitus (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251870/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">16A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFE5DFCAEFDD8FC95" box="[475,563,836,862]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-70@25.[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male (A–D), paratype female (E): A. Left chela (lateral view); B. Carapace (dorsal view); C. Left chelicera (dorsal view); D. Male genital area (ventral view); E.Female genital area (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251659/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">17A–D</figureCitation>
): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFDBA93EFF41FC66FC1EFB0C" blockId="21.[151,1437,260,2015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Cephalothorax (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFEF9FC66FE07FC6D" box="[383,492,908,934]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-70@25.[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male (A–D), paratype female (E): A. Left chela (lateral view); B. Carapace (dorsal view); C. Left chelicera (dorsal view); D. Male genital area (ventral view); E.Female genital area (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251659/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 17B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFE7AFC66FDDAFC6D" box="[508,561,908,934]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">18A</figureCitation>
): carapace 1.03–1.05 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome small, rounded and obtuse; with 18 setae arranged s4s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5–6, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta more than 1/2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 8–9 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFEDFFB46FE2BFB0D" box="[345,448,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFDBA93EFF41FB3AFD87FA2D" blockId="21.[151,1437,260,2015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Chelicera (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFEC4FB3AFE46FB21" box="[322,429,1232,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-70@25.[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male (A–D), paratype female (E): A. Left chela (lateral view); B. Carapace (dorsal view); C. Left chelicera (dorsal view); D. Male genital area (ventral view); E.Female genital area (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251659/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 17C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFE3FFB3AFE07FB21" box="[441,492,1232,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">18B</figureCitation>
): large, about as long as carapace, 2.11–2.19 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 10–12 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 9–12 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea completely vestigial (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFBE8FA8AFB3EFAB1" box="[1134,1237,1376,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
). Serrula exterior with 19–20 and serrula interior with 12–13 blades. Rallum with 8 blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFE70FA26FDB4FA2D" box="[502,607,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFDBA93DFF41FA1AFAF9FF32" blockId="21.[151,1437,260,2015]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Pedipalp (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFEB1FA1AFE49F9C1" box="[311,418,1520,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-70@25.[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male (A–D), paratype female (E): A. Left chela (lateral view); B. Carapace (dorsal view); C. Left chelicera (dorsal view); D. Male genital area (ventral view); E.Female genital area (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251659/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 17A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFE2BFA1AFDEAF9C1" box="[429,513,1520,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">18E–G</figureCitation>
): long and slender, trochanter 1.78–1.89, femur 6.67–7.00, patella 2.00–2.10, chela 6.07–6.33, hand 2.43–2.58 times longer than broad; femur 2.67–3.00 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.47–1.48 times longer than hand and 0.59–0.61 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 1 distal lyrifissure present on patella (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFDDCF9B6FD2FF9BD" box="[602,708,1628,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFAA8F94EFAAFF975" box="[1326,1348,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ib</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFAFAF94EFA76F975" box="[1404,1437,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">isb</emphasis>
situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFCD5F922FC86F929" box="[851,877,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">eb</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFCFDF922FC4BF929" box="[891,928,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">esb</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFC50F923FC1BF929" box="[982,1008,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ist</emphasis>
forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFE12F907FE4FF8CD" box="[404,420,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">it</emphasis>
slightly distal to 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFDEFF907FD63F8CD" box="[617,648,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">est</emphasis>
, situated subdistally; 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFCF8F907FC79F8CD" box="[894,914,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et</emphasis>
slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFE03F8FAFE74F8E1" box="[389,415,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">dx</emphasis>
situated distal to 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFDE0F8FBFD91F8E1" box="[614,634,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFD0FF8FAFD49F8E1" box="[649,674,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sb</emphasis>
closer to 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFC96F8FBFCC8F8E1" box="[784,803,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">st</emphasis>
than to 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFCF8F8FAFC67F8E1" box="[894,908,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">b</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFC1AF8FAFC41F8E1" box="[924,938,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">b</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFC66F8FBFC03F8E1" box="[992,1000,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">t</emphasis>
situated subdistally, 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFB52F8FAFB09F8E1" box="[1236,1250,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">b</emphasis>
situated at same level as 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFF75F8DFFEF9F885" box="[243,274,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">est</emphasis>
approximately, 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFE40F8DFFE25F885" box="[454,462,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">t</emphasis>
distal to 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFDB3F8DEFDA8F885" box="[565,579,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">b</emphasis>
and distal to 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFD5FF8DFFD02F885" box="[729,745,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">it</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFDBA93EFD7EF8DEFCB0F885" box="[760,859,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18F</figureCitation>
). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFE7AF8B3FDFDF8B9" box="[508,534,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ist</emphasis>
). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle and distal of the row, becoming smaller and closer proximally: fixed chelal finger with 34–36 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, without intercalary teeth but with a modified accessory tooth on dorso-antiaxial face (
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFCBDF82EFCBAF815" box="[827,849,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">td</emphasis>
, slightly distal to 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFDBA93EFB9EF82EFBD9F815" box="[1048,1074,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">dx</emphasis>
), 
<quantity id="C5359B56FFDBA93EFBCCF82EFB47F815" box="[1098,1196,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="8.89" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="36.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="35.0">35–37 in</quantity>
total; movable chelal finger with 10–11 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 22–25 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD8A93DFCA0FF50FC61FF1E" box="[806,906,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="8.382" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="34.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="33.0">33–35 in</quantity>
total (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD8A93DFC55FF51FBDCFF1E" box="[979,1079,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18F</figureCitation>
). Sensilla absent; chelal fingers straight in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD8A93DFB1BFF35FAEEFF32" box="[1181,1285,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="56B2663BFFD8A93DFF11F890FB37F810" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251646" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7251646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251646/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[151,250,1914,1938]" targetBox="[151,1436,273,1891]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD8A93DFF11F890FB37F810" blockId="22.[151,1437,1914,2011]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD8A93DFF11F890FEC9F859" bold="true" box="[151,290,1914,1938]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Yanfen Cave, one of the type localities of 
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD8A93DFD64F891FC04F859" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[738,1007,1915,1939]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD8A93DFD64F891FC04F859" box="[738,1007,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lagynochthonius minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD8A93DFC71F891FBA1F858" bold="true" box="[1015,1098,1915,1939]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B8A57DAFFD8A93DFC71F891FBA1F858" box="[1015,1098,1915,1939]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, A. Entrance; B. Inside the cave entrance; C. A long tunnel to the interior of the cave; D. The end of the tunnel (junction with cave interior); E–F. Areas where 
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD8A93DFA0EF875FF06F811" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD8A93DFA0EF875FF06F811" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD8A93DFF75F829FEAFF810" bold="true" box="[243,324,1987,2011]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B8A57DAFFD8A93DFF75F829FEAFF810" box="[243,324,1987,2011]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
specimens were collected; G. Live male of 
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD8A93DFC84F829FC99F811" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[770,882,1987,2010]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD8A93DFC84F829FC99F811" box="[770,882,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD8A93DFCFFF829FC22F810" bold="true" box="[889,969,1987,2011]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B8A57DAFFD8A93DFCFFF829FC22F810" box="[889,969,1987,2011]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in its natural environment.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="56B2663BFFD9A93CFF11F976FF39F8EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7251650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251650/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[151,250,1692,1716]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1669]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD9A93CFF11F976FF39F8EA" blockId="23.[151,1436,1692,1825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD9A93CFF11F976FEC9F97F" bold="true" box="[151,290,1692,1716]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
Cizhu Cave, one of the type localities of 
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD9A93CFD5BF977FC01F97F" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[733,1002,1693,1717]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD9A93CFD5BF977FC01F97F" box="[733,1002,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Lagynochthonius minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD9A93CFC75F977FBADF97E" bold="true" box="[1011,1094,1693,1717]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B8A57DAFFD9A93CFC75F977FBADF97E" box="[1011,1094,1693,1717]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, A. Entrance; B. Inside the cave entrance; C. Area where 
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD9A93CFE1FF92BFDE7F913" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[409,524,1729,1752]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD9A93CFE1FF92BFDE7F913" box="[409,524,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">L. minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD9A93CFD92F92BFD8DF912" bold="true" box="[532,614,1729,1753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B8A57DAFFD9A93CFD92F92BFD8DF912" box="[532,614,1729,1753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
specimens were collected; D. Live female of 
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD9A93CFBC3F92BFB5CF913" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[1093,1207,1729,1752]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD9A93CFBC3F92BFB5CF913" box="[1093,1207,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">L. minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD9A93CFB39F92BFAF9F912" bold="true" box="[1215,1298,1729,1753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B8A57DAFFD9A93CFB39F92BFAF9F912" box="[1215,1298,1729,1753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in its natural environment; E. Exit (junction with Yanzi Cave); F. Inside Yanzi Cave entrance; G. A waterway leading to the interior of Yanzi Cave.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD9A93CFF41F8A5FC0AF81E" blockId="23.[151,1436,1871,2006]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I–XII: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4–5: 4–5: 5: 4–5: 4: T2T: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy III–XII: 8–9: 9–11: 8–9: 7–9: 8–9: 7–9: 9–10: 8–9: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 10 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 11–13 marginal setae on each side, 
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD9A93CFD47F851FCCFF81E" box="[705,804,1979,2006]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="8.382" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="34.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="33.0">33–35 in</quantity>
total (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD9A93CFCEAF851FC3FF81E" box="[876,980,1979,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-70@25.[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male (A–D), paratype female (E): A. Left chela (lateral view); B. Carapace (dorsal view); C. Left chelicera (dorsal view); D. Male genital area (ventral view); E.Female genital area (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251659/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="56B2663BFFD6A933FF11FBCBFF33FB96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251870" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7251870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251870/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[151,250,1057,1081]" targetBox="[175,1421,193,1033]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD6A933FF11FBCBFF33FB96" blockId="24.[151,1436,1057,1117]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD6A933FF11FBCBFECBFBF2" bold="true" box="[151,288,1057,1081]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD6A933FEA0FBCBFDDAFBF2" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[294,561,1057,1081]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD6A933FEA0FBCBFDDAFBF2" box="[294,561,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lagynochthonius minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD6A933FDB1FBCBFD63FBF2" bold="true" box="[567,648,1057,1081]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B8A57DAFFD6A933FDB1FBCBFD63FBF2" box="[567,648,1057,1081]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, A. Holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B. Paratype female, habitus (dorsal view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD6A933FF41FB66FBE6FAB6" blockId="24.[151,1437,1163,2018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Legs (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD6A933FE8BFB61FE60FB6E" box="[269,395,1163,1189]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[225,1362,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 18H, I</figureCitation>
): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur I, IV and patella IV. Femur of leg I 1.94–2.13 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.12–2.38 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 2.56–2.63 times longer than deep; tibia 4.50–4.71 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.20–3.40 times longer than deep (TS= 0.31–0.35), telotarsus 13.33–14.67 times longer than deep and 2.50–2.59 times longer than basitarsus (TS= 0.34–0.35). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 1–2: 9–10: 5–6: 8, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 2: 3: 4–5: 9–10: 8–10. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD6A933FF41FA6DFE25F99E" blockId="24.[151,1437,1163,2018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Adult females (
<typeStatus id="DD768811FFD6A933FEF5FA6DFE09FA6A" box="[371,482,1415,1441]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD6A933FE71FA6DFD89FA69" box="[503,610,1415,1442]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cizhu Cave, one of the type localities of Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Entrance; B. Inside the cave entrance; C. Area where L. minimus sp. nov. specimens were collected; D. Live female of L. minimus sp. nov. in its natural environment; E. Exit (junction with Yanzi Cave); F. Inside Yanzi Cave entrance; G. A waterway leading to the interior of Yanzi Cave." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251650/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 15D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD6A933FDEBFA6DFD75FA6A" box="[621,670,1415,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1057,1081]" captionTargetBox="[175,1421,193,1033]" captionTargetId="figure-20@24.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B. Paratype female, habitus (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251870/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">16B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD6A933FD2FFA6DFD31FA6A" box="[681,730,1415,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-70@25.[151,1436,345,1933]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., holotype male (A–D), paratype female (E): A. Left chela (lateral view); B. Carapace (dorsal view); C. Left chelicera (dorsal view); D. Male genital area (ventral view); E.Female genital area (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251659/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">17E</figureCitation>
). Mostly same as males, but a little larger; chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; tergal chaetotaxy I–XII: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4–5: 4–5: 4–5: 4–5: 5: 4: T2T: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 8–10: 8–9: 8–9: 7–8: 8–9: 8–9: 7–8: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with 11–12 setae, posterior margin with 8–9 marginal setae, 
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total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.40 times longer than deep (TS= 0.29–0.35), telotarsus 10.50–10.75 times longer than deep and 2.47–2.53 times longer than basitarsus (TS= 0.36–0.37).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD6A933FF41F9B5FE45F852" blockId="24.[151,1437,1163,2018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 0.98–1.23. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.16–0.17/0.09 (1.78–1.89), femur 0.56–0.60/0.08–0.09 (6.67–7.00), patella 0.20–0.21/0.10 (2.00–2.10), chela 0.76–0.85/0.12–0.14 (6.07–6.33), hand 0.31–0.34/0.12–0.14 (2.43– 2.58), movable chelal finger length 0.46–0.50. Chelicera 0.35–0.38/0.16–0.18 (2.11–2.19), movable finger length 0.18–0.20. Carapace 0.36–0.39/0.35–0.37 (1.03–1.05). Leg I: trochanter 0.10–0.12/0.08–0.09 (1.25–1.33), femur 0.31–0.32/0.05–0.06 (5.33–6.20), patella 0.15–0.16/0.05 (3.00–3.20), tibia 0.16–0.17/0.03 (5.33–5.67), tarsus 0.36–0.38/0.04 (9.00–9.50). Leg IV: trochanter 0.14–0.16/0.10–0.11 (1.40–1.45), femoropatella 0.46–0.50/0.18– 0.19 (2.56–2.63), tibia 0.33–0.36/0.07–0.08 (4.50–4.71), basitarsus 0.16–0.17/0.05 (3.20–3.40), telotarsus 0.40– 0.44/0.03 (13.33–14.67).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD6A932FF41F849FB8BFE8A" blockId="24.[151,1437,1163,2018]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,150,321]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Females: body length 1.28–1.30. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.12–0.13/0.10 (1.20–1.30), femur 0.59–0.61/0.10 (5.90–6.10), patella 0.22–0.23/0.11 (2.00–2.09), chela 0.85–0.86/0.13–0.14 (6.14–6.54), hand 0.34–0.36/0.13–0.14 (2.57–2.62), movable chelal finger length 0.50–0.51. Chelicera 0.38–0.40/0.18–0.19 (2.11), movable finger length 0.20. Carapace 0.38–0.40/0.40–0.41 (0.95–0.98). Leg I: trochanter 0.10/0.08–0.09 (1.11–1.25), femur 0.34/0.06 (5.67), patella 0.18–0.19/0.05 (3.60–3.80), tibia 0.17–0.18/0.04 (4.25–4.50), tarsus 0.38–0.39/0.04 (9.50–9.75). Leg IV: trochanter 0.14–0.15/0.09–0.11 (1.36–1.56), femoropatella 0.50/0.18–0.17 (2.78–2.94), tibia 0.30–0.37/0.07– 0.08 (4.29–4.63), basitarsus 0.17/0.05 (3.40), telotarsus 0.42–0.43/0.04 (10.50–10.75).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="56B2663BFFD7A932FF11F84EFA76F82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7251659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251659/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[151,250,1956,1980]" targetBox="[151,1436,345,1933]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD7A932FF11F84EFA76F82A" blockId="25.[151,1437,1956,2017]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD7A932FF11F84EFECAF877" bold="true" box="[151,289,1956,1980]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD7A932FEAFF84FFDDEF877" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[297,565,1957,1981]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD7A932FEAFF84FFDDEF877" box="[297,565,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lagynochthonius minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD7A932FDBAF84FFD65F876" bold="true" box="[572,654,1957,1981]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B8A57DAFFD7A932FDBAF84FFD65F876" box="[572,654,1957,1981]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype male (A–D), paratype female (E): A. Left chela (lateral view); B. Carapace (dorsal view); C. Left chelicera (dorsal view); D. Male genital area (ventral view); E. Female genital area (ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="56B2663BFFD4A931FF11F8FFFED2F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251661" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7251661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251661/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[151,250,1813,1837]" targetBox="[225,1362,181,1789]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD4A931FF11F8FFFED2F829" blockId="26.[151,1437,1813,2018]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD4A931FF11F8FFFECAF8E5" bold="true" box="[151,289,1813,1838]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD4A931FEAEF8FCFDDFF8E6" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[296,564,1814,1838]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD4A931FEAEF8FCFDDFF8E6" box="[296,564,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lagynochthonius minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD4A931FDBDF8FCFD66F8E5" bold="true" box="[571,653,1814,1838]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B8A57DAFFD4A931FDBDF8FCFD66F8E5" box="[571,653,1814,1838]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype male: A. Carapace (dorsal view), with a detail of anterior margin; B. Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C. Coxal spines on coxae II (ventral view); D. Rallum; E. Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); F. Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and with trichobothrial pattern, finger tips and modified tooth (abbreviations explained in Materials and methods); G. Left chela (dorsal view), with details of chemosensory setae and modified tooth; H. Leg I (lateral view); I. Leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (H–I); 0.10 mm (A–B, E–G); 0.05mm (C–D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="4AD76538FFD5A930FF41FF7DFCC7FDAA" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD5A930FF41FF7DFA6EFED6" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FF41FF7DFED0FF7A" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD5A930FEC2FF7DFD87FF7B" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[324,620,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FEC2FF7DFD87FF7B" box="[324,620,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lagynochthonius minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FDF3FF7DFD3BFF7A" bold="true" box="[629,720,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B8A57DAFFD5A930FDF3FF7DFD3BFF7A" box="[629,720,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD5A930FCEFFF7DFBD2FF7A" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[873,1081,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bailongtanensis">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FCEFFF7DFBD2FF7A" box="[873,1081,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. bailongtanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a small and rounded epistome and the same number of setae on tergites II–IV, but differs by a smaller body size (e.g. body length 0.98– 1.23 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FF56FF35FF04FF33" box="[208,239,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD5A930FF71FF34FE76FF32" box="[247,413,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.735" metricValueMax="2.92" metricValueMin="2.55" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.735" valueMax="2.92" valueMin="2.55">2.55–2.92 mm</quantity>
, chela 6.07–6.33 times longer than broad 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FCFDFF35FC71FF33" box="[891,922,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
8.50–10.20 times, chela length 0.76–0.85 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FAF8FF35FA77FF33" box="[1406,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD5A930FF11FEE8FED7FED6" box="[151,316,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.035" metricValueMax="2.22" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.035" valueMax="2.22" valueMin="1.85">1.85–2.22 mm</quantity>
, carapace length 0.36–0.39 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FDF3FEE9FD78FED7" box="[629,659,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD5A930FD1CFEE9FCABFED6" box="[666,832,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8999999999999995" metricValueMax="7.199999999999999" metricValueMin="6.6000000000000005" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.69" valueMax="0.72" valueMin="0.66">0.66–0.72 mm</quantity>
; all in males) and the presence of more chelal teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD5A930FF41FECDFA92FE66" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD5A930FF41FECDFE04FE8B" authority="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,495,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FF41FECDFE04FE8B" box="[199,495,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lagynochthonius minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FE7EFECDFDB8FE8A" bold="true" box="[504,595,295,321]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B8A57DAFFD5A930FE7EFECDFDB8FE8A" box="[504,595,295,321]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD5A930FD6DFECDFC5EFE8A" authorityName="Hou &amp; Gao &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[747,949,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laoxueyanensis">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FD6DFECDFC5EFE8A" box="[747,949,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. laoxueyanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the shape of the epistome (rounded and obtuse 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FF6DFEA1FEE1FEAF" box="[235,266,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
pointed and triangular), the number of setae on tergites I and II (4 and 4, respectively 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FA94FEA1FADBFEAF" box="[1298,1328,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
2 and 2, respectively), and a smaller body size (e.g. body length 0.98–1.23 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FC00FE85FC4FFE43" box="[902,932,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD5A930FC2DFE85FBF9FE42" box="[939,1042,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.78">1.78 mm</quantity>
, chela 6.07–6.33 times longer than broad 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FF58FE79FF17FE67" box="[222,252,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
7.71 times, chela length 0.76–0.85 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FD0AFE79FD41FE67" box="[652,682,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD5A930FD37FE79FCFCFE66" box="[689,791,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.62" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.62">1.62 mm</quantity>
, carapace length 0.36–0.39 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FBD6FE79FB85FE67" box="[1104,1134,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD5A930FBF3FE78FB37FE66" box="[1141,1244,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8999999999999995" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.59">0.59 mm</quantity>
; all in males).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD5A930FF41FE5DFCC7FDAA" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Small body size makes this new troglomorphic species unique (e.g. body length 0.98–1.23, chela length 0.76– 0.85). Compared with the small troglomorphic 
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD5A930FD3AFE31FC33FE3E" box="[700,984,475,501]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FD3AFE31FC96FE3E" box="[700,893,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lagynochthonius</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="7ADA7623FFD5A930FBA5FE31FB96FE3E" box="[1059,1149,475,501]" name="Jamaica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="C5CD4D30FFD5A930FB17FE31FAE8FE3E" authorityName="Muchmore" authorityYear="1991" box="[1169,1283,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Lagynochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typhlus">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FB17FE31FAE8FE3E" box="[1169,1283,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. typhlus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, body length 
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD5A930FF11FE15FEEBFDD2" box="[151,256,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.28">1.28 mm</quantity>
), this new species can be distinguished by the different number of setae on tergites I–III (4 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FA83FE15FACFFDD3" box="[1285,1316,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
2) and the different pattern of dentation on the chelal fingers (without intercalary teeth 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FC61FDC9FC15FDF7" box="[999,1022,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs</emphasis>
. with intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers) (
<bibRefCitation id="665C4B42FFD5A930FF7BFDADFE50FDAA" author="Muchmore, W. B." box="[253,443,583,609]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="110 - 121" refId="ref39368" refString="Muchmore, W. B. (1991) Pseudoscorpions from Florida and the Caribbean area. 14. New species of Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius from caves in Jamaica, with discussion of the genera (Chthoniidae). Florida Entomologist, 74, 110 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3495247" type="journal article" year="1991">Muchmore 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="665C4B42FFD5A930FE41FDADFD8AFDAA" author="Li, Y. C. &amp; Liu, H. &amp; Shi, A. M." box="[455,609,583,609]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="28 - 34" refId="ref39131" refString="Li, Y. C., Liu, H. &amp; Shi, A. M. (2019) A new cave-dwelling species of Lagynochthonius (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Yunnan Province, China. Zootaxa, 4571 (1), 28 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4571.1.2" type="journal article" year="2019">
Li 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FE61FDADFDF3FDAA" box="[487,536,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="665C4B42FFD5A930FDEBFDADFCCBFDAA" author="Hou, Y. M. &amp; Gao, Z. Z. &amp; Zhang, F." box="[621,800,583,609]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="65 - 83" refId="ref38684" refString="Hou, Y. M., Gao, Z. Z. &amp; Zhang, F. (2022) Two new species of cave-adapted pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys, 1097, 65 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1097.82527" type="journal article" year="2022">
Hou 
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FD22FDADFD3EFDAA" box="[676,725,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AD76538FFD5A930FF41FD80FD86FBDA" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD5A930FF41FD80FE02FCF2" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="30B9EAA1FFD5A930FF41FD80FE1FFD4F" bold="true" box="[199,500,618,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
This species is known only from the 
<typeStatus id="DD768811FFD5A930FC27FD81FC3AFD4E" box="[929,977,619,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
localities, Yanfen Cave (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD5A930FB68FD81FABAFD4E" box="[1262,1361,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1542,1566]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,567,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-169@3.[151,1436,561,1519]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of the type locality of troglomorphic Lagynochthonius species in Yunnan (China). A. L. retrorsus sp. nov. (Qinglong Cave); B. L. fengi sp. nov. (Unnamed Cave 2); C. L. xiaolinensis sp. nov. (Dayan Cave); D. L. xibaiensis sp. nov. (Hama Cave); E. L. spinulentus sp. nov. (Yingshan Cave); F. L. xinjiaoensis sp. nov. (Yueliang Cave); G. L. magnidentatus sp. nov. (Xiao Cave); H. L. bailongtanensis sp. nov. (Qianfo Cave); I. L. laoxueyanensis sp. nov. (Laoxueyan Cave); J. L. serratus sp. nov. (Unnamed Cave 3); K. L. yaowangguensis sp. nov. (Unnamed Cave 4); L. L. crassus sp. nov. (Unnamed Cave 1); M–N. L. minimus sp. nov. (M: Yanfen Cave, N: Cizhu Cave)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251604/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 1M</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD5A930FAD8FD81FF43FD62" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-68@22.[151,1436,273,1891]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. Yanfen Cave, one of the type localities of Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Entrance; B. Inside the cave entrance; C. A long tunnel to the interior of the cave; D. The end of the tunnel (junction with cave interior); E–F.Areas where L. minimus sp. nov. specimens were collected; G. Live male of L. minimus sp. nov. in its natural environment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251646/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">14A– F</figureCitation>
) and Cizhu Cave (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD5A930FE03FD65FE0EFD62" box="[389,485,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1542,1566]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,567,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-169@3.[151,1436,561,1519]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of the type locality of troglomorphic Lagynochthonius species in Yunnan (China). A. L. retrorsus sp. nov. (Qinglong Cave); B. L. fengi sp. nov. (Unnamed Cave 2); C. L. xiaolinensis sp. nov. (Dayan Cave); D. L. xibaiensis sp. nov. (Hama Cave); E. L. spinulentus sp. nov. (Yingshan Cave); F. L. xinjiaoensis sp. nov. (Yueliang Cave); G. L. magnidentatus sp. nov. (Xiao Cave); H. L. bailongtanensis sp. nov. (Qianfo Cave); I. L. laoxueyanensis sp. nov. (Laoxueyan Cave); J. L. serratus sp. nov. (Unnamed Cave 3); K. L. yaowangguensis sp. nov. (Unnamed Cave 4); L. L. crassus sp. nov. (Unnamed Cave 1); M–N. L. minimus sp. nov. (M: Yanfen Cave, N: Cizhu Cave)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251604/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 1N</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD5A930FE72FD64FD80FD62" box="[500,619,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cizhu Cave, one of the type localities of Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Entrance; B. Inside the cave entrance; C. Area where L. minimus sp. nov. specimens were collected; D. Live female of L. minimus sp. nov. in its natural environment; E. Exit (junction with Yanzi Cave); F. Inside Yanzi Cave entrance; G. A waterway leading to the interior of Yanzi Cave." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251650/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">15A–C, E</figureCitation>
). Yanfen Cave is located about 
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west of Hexin Village (Xichou County). This limestone cave has one semicircular and artificial entrance (about 
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high and 
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD5A930FB40FD59FB19FD06" box="[1222,1266,691,717]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
wide), with an approximately 
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tunnel leading to the interior of the cave, which is a large and completely dark space, covered with gravel, with temperatures around 18°C and humidity approximate 65%. All of the specimens were collected under stones in the deep zone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="027236B3FFD5A930FF41FCA9FD86FBDA" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Cizhu Cave is located about 
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD5A930FD94FCA9FD89FC96" box="[530,610,835,861]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="0.6">0.6 km</quantity>
northeast of Hexin Village (Xichou County) and ca. 
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD5A930FB3AFCA9FAE7FC96" box="[1212,1292,835,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="1.4">1.4 km</quantity>
northeast of Yanfen Cave. The entrance (about 
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high and 
<quantity id="C5359B56FFD5A930FD52FC8DFCFEFC4A" box="[724,789,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="0.7">0.7 m</quantity>
wide) is blocked by some boulders, leaving only a small gap. A descent access leads to the bottom of the cave, which is completely dark, with constant temperature and humidity (temperature around 17°C, humidity around 80%), and some deep pits formed by the collapse are visible on the ground. All of the specimens were collected under stones and mud in these deep pits. The exit is connected to a water cave, Yanzi Cave (
<figureCitation id="9AF62A36FFD5A930FE5BFC1DFD8BFBDA" box="[477,608,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cizhu Cave, one of the type localities of Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov., A. Entrance; B. Inside the cave entrance; C. Area where L. minimus sp. nov. specimens were collected; D. Live female of L. minimus sp. nov. in its natural environment; E. Exit (junction with Yanzi Cave); F. Inside Yanzi Cave entrance; G. A waterway leading to the interior of Yanzi Cave." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7251650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7251650/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 15F, G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>