treatments-xml/data/8A/3E/FD/8A3EFDC83D275D7B353EA3E77A76C15E.xml

<document ENCODING="UTF8" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" ID-PMC="PMC3689140" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-22-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" ID-PubMed="23794937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576167" ModsDocID="1314-2003-22-1" checkinTime="1451251931319" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2013" docId="8A3EFDC83D275D7B353EA3E77A76C15E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 22: 1-428" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 22" docPubDate="2013-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" docTitle="Solanum leiophyllum Benth. 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="432" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="156" updateTime="1668140799926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2013-05-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>432</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-22-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576167</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024586" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A3EFDC83D275D7B353EA3E77A76C15E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A3EFDC83D275D7B353EA3E77A76C15E" lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="156" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<pageBreakToken pageId="155" pageNumber="156" start="start">22</pageBreakToken>
. 
<taxonomicName LSID="8A3EFDC8-3D27-5D7B-353E-A3E77A76C15E" authority="Benth." authorityName="Benth." authorityYear="1844" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum leiophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">Solanum leiophyllum Benth.</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibCitation>Pl. Hartw. 146. 1844</bibCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 57" captionStartId="F57" captionText="Figure 57. Solanum leiophyllum Benth. (A-C drawn from Hartweg 812). Reproduced from Knapp (1989) with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10314" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Figure 57</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="156" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dun" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="benthamii">Solanum benthamii</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 101. 1852, nom. nov. superfl. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Solanum leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="156" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
Ecuador. Loja: Chuquiribamba, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">K.T. Hartweg 812</emphasis>
(holotype: K [K00585549]; isotypes: BM [BM000815948], F (F0073110, frag.), G [G00070187], K [K000545697], LD [LD-1088980], NY [NY00172061], P [P00324725
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">,</emphasis>
Morton neg. 8152], W [W-0022642, [F neg. 33049]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="156" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="156" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
Shrubs to 3 m tall, the stems often scandent. Stems and leaves densely pubescent with loosely branching, lax, dendritic trichomes, these sometimes mixed with simple trichomes, later deciduous; leaf scars prominently raised, the stem strongly winged from the decurrent leaf bases; new growth densely pubescent with long, loose, dendritic trichomes to 2 mm long. Bark of older stems grey-brown, glabrate or sparsely pubescent with long dendritic or simple trichomes. Sympodial units plurifoliate, branching monochasial. Leaves simple, 1-4.5 cm long, 0.8-3 cm wide, broadly elliptic or ovate, shiny, fleshy, and coriaceous, the adaxial surfaces of the blades shiny and glabrous, the abaxial surfaces loosely pubescent with long dendritic trichomes along the veins and lamina, with some trichomes on the revolute margins; primary veins 3-6 pairs, strongly impressed above; base broadly acute, winged on to the petiole; margins entire, strongly revolute; apex broadly acute; petiole 1-2 mm long, winged from the decurrent leaf bases onto the stem. Inflorescences terminal, appearing lateral from overtopping shoot growth, 1.5-7 cm long, flattened globose in outline, branching 1-4 times, with 8-10(-30) flowers, the axis densely pubescent with loose dendritic trichomes; peduncle 0.8-2 cm long; pedicels 1.1-1.6 cm long, tapering from a basal diameter of 0.5-1 mm to an apical diameter of 1-1.5 mm, nodding at anthesis, sparsely pubescent with long simple and/or dendritic trichomes, articulated at the base and inserted in a sleeve ca. 1 mm long; pedicel scars spaced 1-2 mm apart. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous, nodding at anthesis. Calyx tube conical, 1.5-2 mm long, the lobes long-triangular, 2-2.5 mm long, with scattered dendritic trichomes abaxially, these denser at the tips of the lobes, sparsely pubescent adaxially with simple trichomes along the veins. Corolla violet or a darker purple, 1.8-2 cm in diameter, stellate to slightly campanulate, lobed 3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 8-10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, planar at anthesis, densely pubescent abaxially with tiny dendritic trichomes, these denser at the tips of the lobes, glabrous adaxially. Filament tube absent; free portion of the filaments ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; anthers 5.5-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, loosely connivent, the bases caudate, poricidal at the tips, the pores becoming slit-like with age. Ovary glabrous; style 0.8-1 cm long, glabrous; stigma minutely bilobed, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 0.8-1.3 cm in diameter, black with thin pericarp; fruiting pedicels 
<pageBreakToken pageId="156" pageNumber="157" start="start">1.8</pageBreakToken>
-2 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base woody, deflexed. Seeds ca. 7 per fruit, 3.5-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, reddish-brown, flattened lenticular, the surfaces minutely pitted. Chromosome number: not known.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10314" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" start="Figure 57" startId="F57">
<paragraph pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Figure 57.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Solanum leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">A-C</emphasis>
drawn from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Hartweg 812</emphasis>
). Reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany)" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="63 - 112" refId="B68" refString="Knapp, S, 1989. A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany) 19: 63 - 112" title="A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae)." volume="19" year="1989">Knapp (1989)</bibRefCitation>
with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. Distribution of Solanum leiophyllum Benth." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10315" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Figure 58</figureCitation>
). Southern Ecuador and northern Peru; 2000-4000 m.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10315" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" start="Figure 58" startId="F58">
<paragraph pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Figure 58.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Solanum leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<pageBreakToken pageId="157" pageNumber="158" start="start">Ecology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
In open areas in 
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Polylepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Polydesmida" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Polylepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav. (Rosaceae) cloud forest and in grass 
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
above timberline.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
Near Threatened (NT); EOO &lt;45,000 km2 (NT) and AOO&gt;10,000 km2 (LC). See 
<bibRefCitation author="Moat, J" journalOrPublisher="Pesquisas, Botanica" pageId="322" pageNumber="323" refId="B116" refString="Moat, J, 2007. Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3.x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cats." title="Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3. x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http: // www. rbgkew. org. uk / cats" year="2007">Moat (2007)</bibRefCitation>
for explanation of measurements.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany)" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="63 - 112" refId="B68" refString="Knapp, S, 1989. A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany) 19: 63 - 112" title="A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae)." volume="19" year="1989">Knapp (1989)</bibRefCitation>
only knew 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Solanum leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the type collection. Since then, intensive collecting in southern Ecuador by botanists from the University of Loja (LOJA) has greatly increased out knowledge of the distribution of this endemic species. It is still relatively rare geographically, but can be locally common 
<pageBreakToken pageId="158" pageNumber="159" start="start">where</pageBreakToken>
it is found. Specimens from Peru (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
et al. 5562
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">5581</emphasis>
) have long simple trichomes mixed with the loose dendritic trichomes typical of Ecuadorian populations of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Solanum leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The shiny leaf uppersides, nodding purple flowers and black fruits are the same.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Ecuador</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Azuay</emphasis>
: Road 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gualaceo-Limón">Gualaceo-Limon</normalizedToken>
(General Plaza 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gutiérrez">Gutierrez</normalizedToken>
), km. 25.2, side road at the pass to antennas and military post 1.5 km, 3540 m, 12 Jan 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jørgensen">Jorgensen</normalizedToken>
et al. 1863
</emphasis>
(BM); Eastern Cordillera, between Ona and the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Yacuambi, 3000 m, 10 Sep 1945, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Prieto 309</emphasis>
(MO); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
Gualaceo, Carretera 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cuenca-Gualaceo-Limón">Cuenca-Gualaceo-Limon</normalizedToken>
Indanza, km 23-25, 3500 m, 10 Jul 1995, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ávarez">Avarez</normalizedToken>
&amp; Tirado 1480
</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Loja</emphasis>
: Loma del Oro,, 2800 m, 4 Aug 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Jaramillo et al. 8810</emphasis>
(AAU); road Loja-Cuenca, km 50, track to Fierro Urco, km 11, 3600 m, 25 Oct 1996, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Lewis &amp; Lozano 2726</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Peru</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Cajamarca</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaén">Jaen</normalizedToken>
, Paramillo de Pomahuaca, antes del pajonal, 3200 m, 8 Nov 1999, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
&amp; Campos 10908
</emphasis>
(BM, MO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Mariscal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáceres">Caceres</normalizedToken>
, Laguna Verde, entre el campamento y el Concejo de Laguna Verde, 3760 m, 21 Jun 2010, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
&amp; Ullilen 5562
</emphasis>
(USM); Mariscal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáceres">Caceres</normalizedToken>
, Laguna Verde, alrededores, Dist. Huicungo, 3599 m, 23 Jun 2010, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
et al. 5581
</emphasis>
(USM); Mariscal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáceres">Caceres</normalizedToken>
, Chochos, 3350 m, 24 Nov 1985, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Young 2407</emphasis>
(MOL).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>