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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="25438" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a879fa2f-9c16-46b2-bd3e-2f3c17ed4c19" ID-PMC="PMC6763503" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-132-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="31AB0818AF495B69B0504B7C46CB58FD" ID-PubMed="31579138" ModsDocID="1314-2003-132-1" checkinTime="1568948684079" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Jiaxiang, Xu, Yongfu &amp; Zhao, Lijuan" docDate="2019" docId="89EA9950D3255665AAF92F365958E922" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 132: 1-10" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 132" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009" docTitle="Swertia hongquanii Jia X. Li 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="31AB0818AF495B69B0504B7C46CB58FD" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="31AB0818AF495B69B0504B7C46CB58FD" masterDocTitle="Swertia hongquanii, a new species of Gentianaceae from Mt. Wuling, southern China" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732862540815" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="8F8106C83BCAEB11B3D3248BCC969AB2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="274A7B29E78250AEFDFAFCC27F9F4A33">Swertia hongquanii, a new species of Gentianaceae from Mt. Wuling, southern China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D08B9683DD9BD075C0C45368B0CF033E">Li, Jiaxiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A333FF0E59BD3E76407625A2B4235A3">Xu, Yongfu</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="E6F3EBAB63B0EB86CF67E42BF90BCB8B">
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<mods:namePart id="ADDE5916B95C61FC3301565713B3D72A">Zhao, Lijuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FA6C02F15BB0079EF71FC96605A1AD52">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="96DCA0F1518315317A2D8FD6DAFCB5EC">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="94F009A3172C8D7EB5A6B8397515C7B8">
<mods:date id="5F9E8039724F7FB498F4BEC760AA090A">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="570289D2D052F6585EA89723BC89EE45">132</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E7C9C216FCBF979D64B526DA5ED5E744">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="8195D619DB56C965F915337189515B99">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="71C74D49F5296C57F09DED8078755586" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="89EA9950D3255665AAF92F365958E922" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159412379" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89EA9950D3255665AAF92F365958E922" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/89EA9950D3255665AAF92F365958E922" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Gentianaceae">
<subSubSection id="2EA80962BE3D39510DB6DFDF0AE51258" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="233074F4DAA3483771B5478497F1B9F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7613FA25C83EB8FEBB8E496E9958500A" ID-CoL="53JSR" LSID="89EA9950-D325-5665-AAF9-2F365958E922" authority="Jia X. Li" authorityName="Jia X. Li" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Swertia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Swertia hongquanii" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hongquanii" status="sp. nov.">Swertia hongquanii Jia X. Li</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CCECF3DDCEEAF640FE8F85FD79A3EB53" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="9113B8E9D1706439F737D9BD98F09D37" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Swertia hongquanii A seedlings showing basal leaves B root C flowering plant D flower showing corolla, nectaries, stamens and pistil E capsule F seeds. Drawn by Jing Tian." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009.figure1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3FD0401BA88BF2338AB45A7D88D90C4B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Habitat and morphology of Swertia hongquanii. A-B Habitat C flowering plant D seedlings showing basal leaves E adaxial view of flower showing calyx, corolla, nectaries, stamens and pistil F abaxial view of flower showing calyx and corolla G stem with a pair of leaves H flowering and fruiting plant; centrally, a capsule with persistent corolla can be seen. Photos: Jiaxiang Li." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340834" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009.figure2">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A299B983AF58C62809FA65817BF86CC2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Seeds of Swertia hongquanii. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B); 0.2 mm (C); 0.3 mm (D-F). Photos: Jiaxiang Li." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340835" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009.figure3">, 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9D014C52A5C2D5072D44584CFCE2A49B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0C3367647835973C6EEDB99FD75A538F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA1110634B3301D393656824F4F5561D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="1E4FFF6DC1F49FF317A47F3CB1EEF457" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Swertia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Swertia bimaculata" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
<emphasis id="9A3E1B3CBC42AC8AA6AFDA06E5EDA252" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swertia bimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from the latter by its leaf blades ovate to ovate-cordate, 2.0-4.5
<normalizedToken id="7405F0B189F0EA730293651867D53BE6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.0-2.5 cm with base cordate and subamplexicaul (vs. broadly elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 3.5-9
<normalizedToken id="33E8576C48FEFF2F56758FF068EF6BF2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.0-4 cm with base tapered to obtuse), and its seeds irregularly polyhedral with minutely thorny and reticulate seed coat (vs. globose with seed coat finely warty) (Table
<tableCitation id="5162D0E9EA655D8D6654072ACFA1DCEF" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison of Swertia hongquanii, S. bimaculata, and S. cordata (adapted from Ho and Liu 2015)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45EF97C8DF9345DC081844619DF2C742" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45EF97C8DF9345DC081844619DF2C742">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1F17C6C903DE0C0793DB57CC77F82DAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="51129B8A2B4CC84EB170B1D173670022" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F7D9D32C8238E42E9A20EBA0563B0B55" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
CHINA. Hunan province: Zhangjiajie City, Mt. Tianmen,
<geoCoordinate id="A26092EF440A646A0804B92DE3C5D221" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="29.05">29°3'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FB2CF074454475349AB95D64AE205037" degrees="110" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="110.46667">110°28'E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1400 m, 23 September 2016,
<emphasis id="940C28AB397DF3C7A66A2C5CFA103DBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. X. Li 092502</emphasis>
(holotype CSFI, bar code: CSFI063656; isotypes CSFI, IBSC, PE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2C06F6904A55321FEFD3D085F5153693" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="9191D40F7D06F6BC516DC521706872A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37A5B418ADA81436AB95FEB216C4BBCB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Biennial herbs, 2-40 cm tall. Roots yellow, fibrous. Stems erect, sometimes branched from the lower part, subquadrangular, 1-3 mm in diam., with narrow wings on angles. Basal leaves quickly withering, blades elliptic to obovate, 1-3.5
<normalizedToken id="3BB47904D681758953A23DFF5410B6B4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-3 cm, apex obtuse, base cuneate and decurrent, veins yellow-white, distinct, pinnate; petioles flattened, winged, ca. 0.5-2.5 cm long. Stem leaves sessile or shortly petiolate, leaf blades ovate to ovate-cordate, apex acute, base cordate and subamplexicaul, 2.0-4.5
<normalizedToken id="D83580941C6BA13D9646D284516A56F1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.0-2.5 cm, smaller towards stem apex, veins 3-5, arcuate, distinct, green or yellow-green.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A57768188215829A06E0D3DA6371EB09" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Inflorescence a panicle of cymes, lax, 5
<normalizedToken id="F4A5D90E7A00CAB27B72BE3165C473C8" originalValue="–20(–">-20(-</normalizedToken>
25)
<normalizedToken id="947DF6AFAB87B1E0B73F967686529EFD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-20 cm, few- or many-flowered; axes spreading. Flowers (4-)5-merous. Pedicels spreading to erect, slender, subquadrangular, 0.6-4 cm. Calyx 1/2 to 2/3 as long as corolla, tube 1-2 mm long, lobes narrowly elliptic, 3-6 mm long, with 3 slender and distinct veins, apex acute. Flowers to 2.0 cm in diam.; corolla white with purple spots on the upper half of the lobes adaxially but less visible abaxially, tube 1-2 mm long; lobes elliptic-lanceolate, 0.5-1.0
<normalizedToken id="FB3580C8E39EBC25345AE6276A86436C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2-0.4 cm, widest at the middle, apex acuminate to acute. Nectaries 2 per corolla lobe, situated in the middle of corolla lobe, semi-circular, reduced to a naked gland patch without raised margin, yellow-green. Stamens with filaments ca. 4 mm long, white; anthers ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 mm long, purple. Style short, ca. 0.5 mm long; stigma lobes capitate. Capsules narrowly ovoid, to 1.3 cm long. Seeds polyhedral, compressed irregularly, with distinct angles, ca. 1.0
<normalizedToken id="8BE29130BB2ED385E5E1BB559ECA7612" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5 mm, dark brown; seed coat minutely thorny and reticulate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1A8EEF31DC7FF8C92C287D46AD2F7E08" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3462915" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="11C57BEF73C9F89B01144B783E4DBD4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D9D5A93888C3E78ECF9BE9B7E69E485A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7E50107CBCEC90DC28805640F01FA1A" authorityName="Jia X. Li" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Swertia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Swertia hongquanii" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hongquanii">
<emphasis id="5148E5E2CEDEB92B8997D1FD00C6FE12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swertia hongquanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="223772BD00AFCACFEE66786C4E76D2CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
seedlings showing basal leaves
<emphasis id="84D0EC468119DBA7837B666E1E7AB207" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
root
<emphasis id="FF0DB942B4CA752B906A764C820A3EA6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
flowering plant
<emphasis id="D7672B1826DA488B567A7EAEAB7C1770" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
flower showing corolla, nectaries, stamens and pistil
<emphasis id="7BDA125322A5D3E3946688FAF3F1D31E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
capsule
<emphasis id="E51D8879F2DA5425B62F529875E1921E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
seeds. Drawn by Jing Tian.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4002AA866FC18A11044CD19D590F9E92" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="9C8F348876EEB210B152E47FA2B5567C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FBBFAF5041CE692C92A2D8D22BF55A6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering was observed in September and October. Fruiting was only observed in November, but probably extends till December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95ED692113A49B70A5D14131D7CC412B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9D54C2D562FF025E41C7A6D54120DF09" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="113672EF75B12C5EF7C4FF7EE0AE860F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="34415FC18957323BB175F549B4C37A7F" authorityName="Jia X. Li" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Swertia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Swertia hongquanii" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hongquanii">
<emphasis id="6F8A407A61D28041B5D874AB19DC821B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swertia hongquanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the type location in Tianmenshan National Forest Park. The climate here is cool, foggy and humid (annual rainfall ca. 1700 mm) and belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate (
<bibRefCitation id="E008DEC00EA130E5E32FC5FB8BE45701" author="Li, JX" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="573 - 576" refId="B13" refString="Li, JX, Luo, KW, Huang, HQ, Mou, C, 2008. Additions novelty to the seed plants flora of Tianmen Shan, Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 16 (6): 573 - 576" title="Additions novelty to the seed plants flora of Tianmen Shan, Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province." volume="16" year="2008">Li et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E15482340A0C7CAE8C1157222CD0B1AE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134895" author="Zhang, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B19" refString="Zhang, GJ, Hu, HH, Zhang, CF, Tian, XJ, Peng, H, Gao, TG, 2015. Inaccessible Biodiversity on Limestone Cliffs: Astertianmenshananensis (Asteraceae), a new critically endangered species from China. PLoS One 10(8): e0134895. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134895" title="Inaccessible Biodiversity on Limestone Cliffs: Astertianmenshananensis (Asteraceae), a new critically endangered species from China. PLoS One 10 (8): e 0134895." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134895" year="2015">Zhang et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The new species grows on the tops of steep limestone mountains surrounded by cliffs above an altitude of ca. 1400 m. The clifftops are covered by mixed evergreen-deciduous forest dominated by species of
<taxonomicName id="3BC25C4B3165A92E0655BC30441862AE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="31504C4B0B18CF6D5FF33925AA78F7FC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B850CDC99B34FB33E92FACE94CEC6374" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7DA6C939CAEE0227E4EE4B0147E1D69" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aceraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Aceraceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D256572A91E9FE6946A0E7191B35EEFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="22982D71F41D63A12F02B177E89E89A9" author="Li, JX" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="573 - 576" refId="B13" refString="Li, JX, Luo, KW, Huang, HQ, Mou, C, 2008. Additions novelty to the seed plants flora of Tianmen Shan, Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 16 (6): 573 - 576" title="Additions novelty to the seed plants flora of Tianmen Shan, Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province." volume="16" year="2008">Li et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
). One population occurs in the crevices of limestone cliffs; it is covered by shrubs and herbs with little soil but is rich in humus. It is accompanied by
<taxonomicName id="475E212A4B329D0C43EE1F262A0A82A3" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Viola davidii" order="Violales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="davidii">
<emphasis id="44482CBE299EBF32A8F142174C8E0547" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Viola davidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Franch.,
<taxonomicName id="ADF30862935A8F21A4EBC1F6168FBB78" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Youngia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Youngia" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ADADC4EA43A5D58E21BA480E350F78C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Youngia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cass. sp.,
<taxonomicName id="51CC7A6A4C6AD4FBEF9F7399651ED1A4" authorityName="Lecoy. ex Oliv" authorityYear="1888" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Thalictrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thalictrum ichangense" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="ichangense">
<emphasis id="F47E09908EBD6C67D0D6E5EF7B4C7440" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thalictrum ichangense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lecoy. ex Oliv.,
<taxonomicName id="2EA939D65285A285145B9A8212103C14" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aster ageratoides" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ageratoides">
<emphasis id="1EDC94000FABEE0461FEB2B83F905BFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aster ageratoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Turcz.,
<taxonomicName id="A0FA3C59AB2CD416316145E2977E12C7" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamagrostis arundinacea" order="Graminales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
<emphasis id="DB0E86856E43E2DC2C05425406EB9D56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Calamagrostis arundinacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Roth,
<taxonomicName id="A0809606371D4419EFD49397E0D0CACD" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex filicina" order="Cyperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="filicina">
<emphasis id="72F41DE18C855DF3118B972C61269F5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carex filicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nees,
<taxonomicName id="3161552764881E19ED83B8AF5FC7E848" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex" order="Cyperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00865CA30CB105F0C7280C2C06899336" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. sp.,
<taxonomicName id="CAEB0B3784EFD07DA82103F15C24438B" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Leptopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptopus chinensis" order="Geraniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="782D8120C0135F5A846B7E6B18747852" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptopus chinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bunge) Pojark.,
<taxonomicName id="389728F8CFFA16A6702118F9E51ACD21" authorityName="Maxim" authorityYear="1871" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rutaceae" genus="Zanthoxylum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Zanthoxylum bungeanum" order="Rutales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="bungeanum">
<emphasis id="1D4B898C6EEE7B7A6E2683153D59E3DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zanthoxylum bungeanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maxim.,
<taxonomicName id="1BFED74BFB091DA410D231A493C2E02F" authority="S.Moore" authorityName="L. H. Bailey" authorityYear="1920" baseAuthorityName="Hemsl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus innominatus var. kuntzeanus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="innominatus" variety="kuntzeanus">Rubus innominatus S.Moore var. kuntzeanus</taxonomicName>
(Hemsl.) L.H.Bailey,
<taxonomicName id="6E5DF4D84A18381F3BC6958AA2C7DCA5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus henryi" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="henryi">
<emphasis id="57120990CA6E9FF39EC66560E7893670" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rubus henryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hemsl. &amp; Kuntze,
<taxonomicName id="956754862A69D1E2263F2C639475CAD2" authorityName="C. K. Schneider" authorityYear="1916" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix mictotricha" order="Salicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="mictotricha">
<emphasis id="C380BE5E768E32FCCD72F0B84AF278B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salix mictotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C.K.Schneid.,
<taxonomicName id="0F96A26802AE90619B3F4A670B9EDDB5" authorityName="K. W. Liu &amp; Q. Z. Lin" authorityYear="1986" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpinus dayongiana" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="dayongiana">
<emphasis id="C038ECE564CA2E7B4CE54012E8026EBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carpinus dayongiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
K.W.Liu &amp; Q.Z.Lin and
<taxonomicName id="487A1DD22F9CEFDE98FE42A97FC4DEC0" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula chinensis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="71FF7BEE1B060B9FFAF043641802BF7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Betula chinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maxim. Another population grows in the herb layer of forest dominated by
<taxonomicName id="C877465AA9ABF5DF2B35C9C57FBF7026" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus multinervis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="multinervis">
<emphasis id="08D0AB0B4FE7FDCBC5E1B96842E30B2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quercus multinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(W.C.Cheng &amp; T.Hong) Govaerts and
<taxonomicName id="B4618C6D5F41510B0A57DD90448208DC" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Hovenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hovenia dulcis" order="Rhamnales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="dulcis">
<emphasis id="8E36CAE911BEC031C67ADB0F4AC9B0DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hovenia dulcis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Thunb. with deep and fertile soil. Other herbaceous species are
<taxonomicName id="2213B2E3EBDD12115FCF6DCE70E9199B" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Liliaceae" genus="Ophiopogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ophiopogon japonicus" order="Liliiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="E8A586A0AA72DC7DDEECA7F384939D4D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ophiopogon japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Thunb.) Ker Gawl.,
<taxonomicName id="C20A618A2C417D892F3545E17E81DAE2" authorityName="Wahlenb" authorityYear="1803" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex gibba" order="Cyperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gibba">
<emphasis id="93D73E06C069EA6F5ED053C6BD6BA2B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carex gibba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wahlenb.,
<taxonomicName id="5DFE68C12F9976D4E48BB77B575243FA" authorityName="S. Moore" authorityYear="1875" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sanicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sanicula orthacantha" order="Umbelliflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="orthacantha">
<emphasis id="8E1FF101347448852C2354CACD47D96D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sanicula orthacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
S.Moore,
<taxonomicName id="AC7F360305A803FF877786519CAAAAF6" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pimpinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pimpinella diversifolia" order="Umbelliflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="diversifolia">
<emphasis id="FACC3BDA3CB6CD94F13D933B367D89CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pimpinella diversifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DC. and
<taxonomicName id="F98DF97BE9F36AA6137C94CF1AE68DB4" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Viola diffusa" order="Violales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="diffusa">
<emphasis id="F97DE48C3C90F371CFD039C752431ED4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Viola diffusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ging.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="327C791AD98DFA9118DCA7018A43A203" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2431FC994BE765D47534D1C4EA3D03E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B3D24C12B43BD8FEA4764C8F0428A60" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species is named after Mr. Huang Hongquan for his help during our field investigation. He was also the first to collect this new species.</paragraph>
<caption id="98187EDECD4886AA89ACFFCB1F1B400B" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3462917" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340834" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="BBA8440DA9F14C646C2AD829D38A02B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7117A9A03405F4E6AC8BE71ABC8A59FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Habitat and morphology of
<taxonomicName id="9A95BBA46A19C39F6B280703DCBE844E" authorityName="Jia X. Li" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Swertia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Swertia hongquanii" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hongquanii">
<emphasis id="837235EE8E84E209279503B5714EF3FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swertia hongquanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="A26AACF6195ACE0F86D6CE784B027A99" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="5C674A3681AC5A36E7860A19E51FB45F" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
Habitat
<emphasis id="CABD14BC48DE917A784C6F86B5292814" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
flowering plant
<emphasis id="1FA2DB161A33A7B3061CBCF816F28B19" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
seedlings showing basal leaves
<emphasis id="43345305A02C2A18CCB549393F58A10B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
adaxial view of flower showing calyx, corolla, nectaries, stamens and pistil
<emphasis id="243C9B27753CC7D27EA8060BA85965D2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
abaxial view of flower showing calyx and corolla
<emphasis id="F517C15A295D384C035AF936296134C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
stem with a pair of leaves
<emphasis id="4A76A8D9022E940914943ECBDEE86A6F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
flowering and fruiting plant; centrally, a capsule with persistent corolla can be seen. Photos: Jiaxiang Li.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5B63BA32D718C8804FFF439285DAE421" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="local name">
<paragraph id="6D223CA566C48DD996BC3E2C108A1007" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Local name.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6EBDD8B73E3A7FB8E29251FB6A44DF53" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tianmenshan Zhang Ya Cai</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9672C132D4A3C696D7472F635BA11C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="33FC87094F48B821254C15D4D1E40065" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="894DE43DE21F4426EB55F44C18104398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Despite several investigations in Mt. Tianmen and the surrounding areas (96 km2), two populations with nearly 500 individuals each (total &lt;1000) of
<taxonomicName id="342757A4DD32ED4DAD23F5AF77FC603C" authorityName="Jia X. Li" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Swertia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Swertia hongquanii" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hongquanii">
<emphasis id="3A00EB50814824080B6CB15A153F4E74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swertia hongquanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found only at the type locality (towering summit terrace with an area of 2 km2). Presently, a tourist plank walkway passes through this location and its habitat could be easily disturbed or destroyed. According to the
<bibRefCitation id="9C8547FD4838DE9630501CA329998712" author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B10" refString="IUCN, 2017. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the standards and petitions subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the standards and petitions subcommittee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2017">IUCN (2017)</bibRefCitation>
criterion D thresholds (mature individuals &lt;1000, AOO &lt;20 km2), the new species could be assessed as VU. However, it grows in the upper part of steep limestone mountains surrounded by cliffs, which previously made it impossible to be encountered until a plank walkway was built across the cliff face for tourists. With limited fieldwork executed at present, it is possible that more populations could be found in similar habitats of the Wuling mountain areas. Therefore, we consider the species DD (Data Deficient).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8A16B2D41DEF423331CD31117531CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D04AF0D645FAB2867339ADA037760B11" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A642402B9A38AACA19C9118F5AAACEDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
CHINA: Hunan, Zhangjiajie City, Mt. Tianmen, 20 September 2013,
<geoCoordinate id="697C83E48324504A4ACD09282EFA8C25" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="29.05">29°3'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="642F355FBFDC86AB980B087C6925020C" degrees="110" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="110.46667">110°28'E</geoCoordinate>
, limestone, 1400 m alt.,
<emphasis id="B7DF72F651B9727F024E63241EAC22DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hongquan Huang</emphasis>
13050406 (CSFI); the same locality, 20 November 2017,
<emphasis id="12294C0DD4917974AFEC435201AA586A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hongquan Huang</emphasis>
HHQ02 (CSFI); the same locality, 25 September 2017, J.X. Li 092503 (CSFI).
</paragraph>
<caption id="26238805CAC10E61DDE05157AF8DA9A6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3462919" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340835" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="0C00C3C83ACF12BE7842A0A3706E30A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7E4B4C14CD18F39025431F189B725D31" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Seeds of
<taxonomicName id="81A17AB740BDC372866F527FD7FDE97A" authorityName="Jia X. Li" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Swertia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Swertia hongquanii" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hongquanii">
<emphasis id="30FAF79801EB9EB23639FD9F7151D9DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swertia hongquanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars: 1 mm (
<emphasis id="D2406EDD719F033B111BB498CC87E390" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
); 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="B8038D5E572A0C4CEA88D04ECEC7659C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
); 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="6E14FE00D4AEC47305E20CEA576E3D5C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
); 0.3 mm (
<emphasis id="634063D734C209C0BB42A26121932277" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="4687A807C1B06450703F96E30FC8B23D" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
). Photos: Jiaxiang Li.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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