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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3748525" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1586358796837" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burgin, Connor" docDate="2019" docId="885887A2FFFB8A1DFF7CF5D2F77FDCC8" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinolophus thailandensis Wu Yi, Harada &amp; Motokawa 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="331" masterDocId="7461FFDAFFCF8A29FFCCFFA1FF85D963" masterDocTitle="Rhinolophidae" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="331" updateTime="1658949228820" updateUser="felipe">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Rhinolophidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Burgin, Connor</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mittermeier, Russell A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>280</mods:start>
<mods:end>332</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3748525</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3809042" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163549926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3809042" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFFB8A1DFF7CF5D2F77FDCC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2FFFB8A1DFF7CF5D2F77FDCC8" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<subSubSection box="[176,995,2675,2736]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="52.[176,1737,2675,2736]" box="[176,995,2675,2736]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<figureCitation box="[176,278,2675,2736]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="46.[166,208,4390,4417]" captionTargetBox="[152,3486,163,4684]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="On following pages: 94. Thomas's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus thomasi); 95. Lesser Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros); 96. rancis's Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus trancisi); 97. Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus sedulus); 98. Trefoil Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus trifoliatus); 99. Northern Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus perniger); 100. Selangor Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus luctoides); 101. Malaysian Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mono); 102. Great Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus luctus); 1.03. Beddome's Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus beddomei); 104. Formosan Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus formosaë); 105. Thailand Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus thailandensis); 106. Dobson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus yunanensis); 107. Chiew Kwee's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus chiewkweeae); 108. Pearson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pearsonii); 109. Mitred Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mitratus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3748537/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">105</figureCitation>
.
<collectingCountry box="[308,566,2675,2736]" name="Thailand" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Thailand</collectingCountry>
Horseshoe Bat
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1061,1737,2675,2736]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="52.[176,1737,2675,2736]" box="[1061,1737,2675,2736]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wu Yi, Harada &amp; Motokawa" authorityYear="2009" box="[1061,1737,2675,2736]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
<emphasis box="[1061,1737,2675,2736]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Rhinolophus thailandensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="331" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="52.[172,1530,2751,2831]" box="[172,1530,2751,2778]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
French: Rhinolophe
<emphasis box="[447,629,2751,2778]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">deThaïlande</emphasis>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[640,763,2751,2778]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">German:</emphasis>
Thailand-Hufeisennase /
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1101,1225,2751,2778]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Spanish:</emphasis>
Herradura de
<collectingCountry box="[1416,1530,2751,2778]" name="Thailand" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Tailandia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="52.[172,1530,2751,2831]" box="[172,777,2804,2831]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,506,2804,2831]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Other common names:</emphasis>
Thai Horseshoe Bat
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="331" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="52.[992,1791,2903,3469]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
Taxonomy.
<taxonomicName authority="Wu Yi, Harada &amp; Motokawa, 2009" authorityName="Wu Yi, Harada &amp; Motokawa" authorityYear="2009" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
<emphasis box="[1233,1426,2903,2942]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">hinolophus</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1477,1787,2903,2942]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">thailandensis Wu</emphasis>
Yi, Harada &amp; Motokawa, 2009
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="331" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="52.[992,1791,2903,3469]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
“
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597534031" collectedFrom="from a cave" country="Thailand" elevation="1790" location="Doi Chang Kiang" municipality="Doi Chang Kiang" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiang Mai" typeStatus="type">
<collectedFrom pageId="52" pageNumber="331">from a cave</collectedFrom>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1099,1429,3008,3047]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Doi Chang Kiang</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1449,1672,3008,3047]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
Chiang
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1597,1672,3008,3047]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Mai</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry name="Thailand" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, at an altitude of
<quantity box="[1416,1570,3059,3098]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="1790.0">
<elevation box="[1416,1570,3059,3098]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="1790.0">1,790 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.”
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="331" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="52.[992,1791,2903,3469]" lastBlockId="52.[174,1793,3483,4630]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wu Yi, Harada &amp; Motokawa" authorityYear="2009" box="[997,1454,3114,3153]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
<emphasis box="[997,1454,3114,3153]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Rhinolophus thailandensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is included in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1851" box="[995,1153,3166,3205]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pearsonii">
<emphasis box="[995,1153,3166,3205]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">pearsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group along
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1578,1658,3166,3205]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">with</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1679,1791,3166,3205]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
R.
<emphasis box="[999,1453,3219,3258]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
yunanensis,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yoshiyuki &amp; Lim" authorityYear="2005" box="[1179,1447,3219,3258]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiewkweeae">R. chiewkweeae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis box="[1565,1786,3219,3258]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1851" box="[1565,1781,3219,3258]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pearsonii">R. pearsonii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The
<taxonomicName authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1851" box="[1092,1250,3272,3311]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pearsonii">
<emphasis box="[1092,1250,3272,3311]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">pearsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group appears to be close to the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[1147,1312,3325,3364]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifoliatus">
<emphasis box="[1147,1312,3325,3364]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">trifoliatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borkhausen" authorityYear="1797" box="[1432,1635,3325,3364]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hipposideros">
<emphasis box="[1432,1635,3325,3364]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups, although more taxon-inclusive studies are needed to confirm this relationship. It has only recendy been recognized as a species distinct from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yunanensis">R.yunanensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The study in which this
<emphasis box="[696,829,3535,3574]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">species</emphasis>
was described included
<emphasis box="[1296,1378,3535,3574]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">only</emphasis>
studied specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1872" box="[174,424,3588,3627]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yunanensis">
<emphasis box="[174,424,3588,3627]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">R.yunanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion box="[543,696,3588,3627]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion box="[794,947,3588,3627]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[971,1087,3588,3627]" name="China" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">China</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry box="[1197,1372,3588,3627]" name="Thailand" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, identifying each as a distinct species. The rest of the distribution allocated to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1872" box="[1230,1474,3641,3680]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yunanensis">
<emphasis box="[1230,1474,3641,3680]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">R.yunanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not
<emphasis box="[1629,1685,3641,3680]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">yet</emphasis>
been compared to either taxon, and further studies are needed to identify which populations represent which species. Until then,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wu Yi, Harada &amp; Motokawa" authorityYear="2009" box="[987,1269,3746,3785]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
<emphasis box="[987,1269,3746,3785]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">R. thailandensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still considered to be
<emphasis box="[1740,1788,3746,3785]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">restricted</emphasis>
to
<collectingCountry box="[376,549,3799,3838]" name="Thailand" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and probably
<collectingCountry box="[826,1023,3799,3838]" name="Cambodia" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
; the rest of the distribution is tentatively attributed to
<emphasis box="[425,678,3852,3891]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1872" box="[425,673,3852,3891]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yunanensis">R.yunanensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="331" type="distribution">
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3750122" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3750122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3750122/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" targetBox="[171,965,2907,3463]" targetPageId="52">
<paragraph blockId="52.[174,1793,3483,4630]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,413,3905,3944]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known with certainty only from
<collectingRegion box="[1043,1444,3905,3944]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
Chiang Mai
<emphasis box="[1276,1444,3905,3944]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Province</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
, NW
<collectingCountry box="[1549,1726,3905,3944]" name="Thailand" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, although it is probably the species that occurs in NW, W &amp; SE
<collectingCountry box="[1303,1479,3957,3996]" name="Thailand" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, including Tarutao I; specimens from
<collectingCountry box="[602,801,4010,4049]" name="Cambodia" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, found to be intermediate in size between Dobson’s Horseshoe
<emphasis bold="true" box="[396,461,4062,4101]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Bat</emphasis>
(.
<emphasis box="[550,759,4062,4101]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1872" box="[550,746,4062,4101]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yunanensis">yunanensis</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
and Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat (.
<emphasis box="[1437,1621,4062,4101]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1851" box="[1437,1602,4062,4101]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pearsonii">pearsonii</taxonomicName>
),
</emphasis>
are also tentatively included in this species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="331" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="52.[174,1793,3483,4630]" lastBlockId="52.[1882,3516,349,1453]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,392,4165,4204]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Descriptive</emphasis>
notes. Head—body
<quantity box="[763,966,4165,4204]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.3" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="67.5" valueMax="72.0" valueMin="63.0">63—72 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity box="[1064,1265,4165,4204]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="18.0">18—24 mm</quantity>
, ear 26-
<quantity box="[1419,1601,4165,4204]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="2.0">2—32 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot 11 •
<quantity box="[239,414,4221,4260]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="1.0">1-15 mm</quantity>
, forearm 56-2-61-
<quantity box="[755,869,4221,4260]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
. Dorsal pelage is buffy to deep brown (hairs whitish or pale at base, with brown tips) and the ventral pelage is a little lighter and grayer (hairs gray based with
<emphasis box="[594,691,4324,4363]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">buffy</emphasis>
brown tips). Ears are large. Noseleafhas a long, triangular, straight-sided lancet; connecting process forms a low rounded arch; sella has a wide base
<emphasis box="[274,511,4433,4472]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">that narrows</emphasis>
toward the middle, and tapers
<emphasis box="[1115,1249,4433,4472]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">slighdy</emphasis>
toward the dp; horseshoe is wide, covering the whole muzzle, and has a deep and distinct median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Baculum is relatively long (
<quantity box="[1360,1471,4538,4577]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long) and has a
<emphasis box="[176,347,4591,4630]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">relatively</emphasis>
strong basal cone (weak compared to that of Dobson’s Horseshoe
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1613,1683,4591,4630]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Bat</emphasis>
), and a roughly cylindrical shaft; tip is narrowly rounded off and laterally widened. Skull is large and robust (zygomatic width much greater than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are longer than wide (width is greater than in Dobson’s Horseshoe Bat); lateral swellings are much larger than the anterior ones; sagittal crest is strong,
<emphasis box="[3331,3516,509,548]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">especially</emphasis>
anteriorly; frontal
<emphasis box="[2237,2442,562,601]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">depression</emphasis>
is
<emphasis box="[2497,2668,562,601]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">relatively</emphasis>
shallow; supraorbital crests are low but well defined. C1 is strong and well developed; P2 is large and in the tooth row; P3 is moderate in size and more or less extruded from the tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 60 and FNa = 64 (
<collectingCountry box="[2391,2573,728,767]" name="Thailand" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Thailand</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="331" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="52.[1882,3516,349,1453]" box="[1884,2334,781,820]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Habitat. Tropical forest.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="52.[1882,3516,349,1453]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1884,2069,830,869]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Food and</emphasis>
Feeding. Dietary components of 31 fecal pellets comprised mostly Coleoptera (43-2% by volume), Hemiptera (32-0%), and Homoptera (12-3%), although small amounts of
<taxonomicName box="[2229,2375,935,974]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
(5-5%),
<taxonomicName box="[2551,2789,935,974]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
(3-5%), Ephemeroptera (1-9%),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
(0-6%), Trichoptera (0-5%), and
<taxonomicName box="[2701,2967,990,1029]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
(0-3%) were also detected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="52.[1882,3516,349,1453]" box="[1884,2389,1047,1086]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Breeding. No information.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="52.[1882,3516,349,1453]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
Activity
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2036,2204,1095,1134]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">patterns.</emphasis>
The
<collectingCountry box="[2308,2483,1095,1134]" name="Thailand" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Thailand</collectingCountry>
Horseshoe Bat roosts in caves. Call shape is FM/CF/ FM with a peak F recorded at 49-50-9 kHz in
<collectingCountry box="[2779,2956,1150,1189]" name="Thailand" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, and 53-6 kHz in
<collectingCountry box="[3294,3496,1150,1189]" name="Cambodia" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="52.[1882,3516,349,1453]" box="[1884,3151,1206,1245]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1884,2573,1206,1245]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Movements, Home range and Social</emphasis>
organization. No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="331" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="52.[1882,3516,349,1453]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1885,2080,1256,1295]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Status and</emphasis>
Conservation. Not assessed on
<emphasis box="[2675,3006,1256,1295]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">The IUCNed List.</emphasis>
Until the taxonomy of the
<collectingCountry box="[1884,2058,1311,1350]" name="Thailand" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Thailand</collectingCountry>
Horseshoe Bat is clarified, the species cannot be
<emphasis box="[2993,3079,1311,1350]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">fully</emphasis>
assessed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="331" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="52.[1882,3516,349,1453]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1885,2093,1369,1396]" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Francis (2008), Harada eta/. (1985),
<emphasis box="[2668,2706,1369,1396]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="331">Ith</emphasis>
, Csorba et al. (2011), Weterings et al. (2015), Wu Yi, Harada &amp; Motokawa (2009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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