320 lines
25 KiB
XML
320 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3748525" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1586358796837" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burgin, Connor" docDate="2019" docId="885887A2FFD08A36FF1EF12BF74DD2B6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinolophus acuminatus Peters 1871" docType="treatment" docVersion="23" lastPageNumber="310" masterDocId="7461FFDAFFCF8A29FFCCFFA1FF85D963" masterDocTitle="Rhinolophidae" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="310" updateTime="1658949228820" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rhinolophidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Burgin, Connor</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mittermeier, Russell A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>280</mods:start>
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<mods:end>332</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3748525</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3808890" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163549952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3808890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A36FF1EF12BF74DD2B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2FFD08A36FF1EF12BF74DD2B6" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<subSubSection box="[210,1055,3722,3783]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph blockId="31.[210,1759,3722,3783]" box="[210,1055,3722,3783]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<figureCitation box="[210,281,3722,3783]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="26.[175,218,4332,4359]" captionTargetBox="[136,3490,134,4724]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus megaphyllus}; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus keyensis}; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus virgo}; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus madurensis}; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus celebensis}; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus robinsoni); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nereis}; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus borneensis); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus malayanus}; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cornutus}; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus perditus}; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monticolus}; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shortridgei}; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monoceros}; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pusillus}; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subbadius}; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus convexus}; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cognatus}; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus refulgens}; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lepidus};" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758605/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">62</figureCitation>
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. Acuminate Horseshoe
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[959,1055,3722,3783]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1119,1759,3722,3783]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[210,1759,3722,3783]" box="[1119,1759,3722,3783]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[1119,1759,3722,3783]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
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<emphasis box="[1119,1759,3722,3783]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Rhinolophus acuminatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[208,1539,3797,3824]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[208,1539,3797,3824]" box="[208,1539,3797,3824]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[208,312,3797,3824]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">French:</emphasis>
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Rhinolophe acuminò /
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[623,746,3797,3824]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">German:</emphasis>
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Spitzsattel-Hufeisennase /
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1115,1241,3797,3824]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Spanish:</emphasis>
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Herradura acuminado
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1030,1826,3895,4463]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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Taxonomy.
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1871" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
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<emphasis box="[1255,1688,3895,3934]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Rhinolophus acuminatus</emphasis>
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Peters, 1871
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1145,1620,3945,3984]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1030,1826,3895,4463]" box="[1145,1620,3945,3984]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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“
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597534045" box="[1162,1613,3945,3984]" country="Indonesia" location="Gadok" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Java" typeStatus="type">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A36FF1EF12BF74DD2B6:052E606FFFD08A36FB46F0C8FA88D6F3" box="[1162,1293,3945,3984]" country="Indonesia" name="Gadok" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Java">Gadok</location>
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.”
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<collectingRegion box="[1319,1404,3945,3984]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Java</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1424,1613,3945,3984]" name="Indonesia" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1030,1826,3895,4463]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis box="[1030,1237,4001,4040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Tentatively</emphasis>
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included in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1834" box="[1618,1826,4001,4040]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megaphyllus">
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<emphasis box="[1618,1826,4001,4040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">megaphyllus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group but its placement there is uncertain; further genetic work is needed. The most recent genetic study placed the species as sister to
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<emphasis box="[1399,1652,4212,4251]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonhote in Annandale" authorityYear="1903" box="[1399,1646,4212,4251]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malayanus">R. malayanus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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forming a clade sister to much
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<emphasis box="[1474,1517,4265,4304]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">of</emphasis>
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the
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<emphasis box="[1608,1822,4265,4304]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1834" box="[1608,1816,4265,4304]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megaphyllus">megaphyllus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[1030,1433,4318,4357]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[1030,1168,4318,4357]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1843" box="[1186,1427,4318,4357]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philippinensis">philippinensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1844" box="[1534,1674,4318,4357]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
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<emphasis box="[1534,1674,4318,4357]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">macrotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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groups. Five subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3750030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3750030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3750030/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" targetBox="[207,1000,3900,4454]" targetPageId="31">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1030,1826,3895,4463]" box="[1032,1570,4424,4463]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1032,1570,4424,4463]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[210,1197,4474,4621]" box="[210,1167,4474,4513]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1871" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[210,745,4474,4513]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
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||
<emphasis box="[210,237,4474,4513]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">R</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis box="[263,513,4474,4513]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">a. acuminatus</emphasis>
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Peters, 1871
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</taxonomicName>
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- Krakatau I
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<emphasis box="[1001,1161,4474,4513]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">andJava</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[210,1197,4474,4621]" box="[210,1197,4529,4568]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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||
<taxonomicName box="[210,773,4529,4568]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata">
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<emphasis box="[210,420,4529,4568]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">R.a. audax</emphasis>
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K. Andersen, 1905
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingRegion box="[819,891,4529,4568]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Bali</collectingRegion>
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and Lombok Is.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[210,1197,4474,4621]" box="[210,1033,4582,4621]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName box="[210,782,4582,4621]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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.
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<emphasis box="[263,428,4582,4621]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">a. calypso</emphasis>
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K. Andersen, 1905
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</taxonomicName>
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— Enggano I.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1912,3542,345,3034]" box="[1914,2603,346,385]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis box="[1914,2086,346,385]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">R. a. circe</emphasis>
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K. Andersen, 1906 — Nias I.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1912,3542,345,3034]" box="[1914,3150,398,438]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis box="[1914,2217,398,437]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">R. a. sumatranus</emphasis>
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K Andersen, 1905 - W
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<collectingRegion box="[2699,2859,398,437]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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and N Borneo.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1912,3542,345,3034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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Subspecific
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<emphasis box="[2138,2283,446,485]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">identity</emphasis>
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of mainland populations in SE Asia, as well as the
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<collectingCountry box="[3224,3441,446,485]" name="Philippines" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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(Negros, Busuanga,
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<collectingRegion box="[2220,2378,500,539]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Palawan</collectingRegion>
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, and Balabac Is) is uncertain, although mainland populations resemble individuals fromJava or Lombok.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1912,3542,345,3034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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Descriptive
|
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2140,2253,605,644]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">notes.</emphasis>
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||
<emphasis box="[2268,2488,605,644]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Head—body</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[2499,2703,605,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="48.0">48—52 mm</quantity>
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, tail 18-
|
||
<quantity box="[2855,3038,605,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="9.0">9—31 mm</quantity>
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||
, ear 16-7—21-
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||
<quantity box="[3298,3414,605,644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 9-10-
|
||
<quantity box="[2107,2225,659,698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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||
, forearm
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||
<quantity box="[2416,2622,659,698]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="48.5" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="44.0">44—53 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 9-
|
||
<quantity box="[2823,2952,659,698]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" unit="g" value="11.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="6.0">6-16 g</quantity>
|
||
. There are two color morphs: either grayish brown
|
||
<emphasis box="[2321,2468,713,752]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">dorsally</emphasis>
|
||
with hairs tipped light gray or silver, and grayish brown ventrally; or grayish brown tinged with russet dorsally, and pale reddish brown ventrally. Ears are small to medium-sized. Noseleaf has concave-sided lancet that becomes almost parallel-sided toward tip; connecting process is broad and triangular, with bluntly to sharply pointed tip; sella is variable between subspecies, being nearly parallel-sided to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1964,2136,979,1018]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">distinctly</emphasis>
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||
narrowed centrally, but with rounded tip
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||
<emphasis box="[2923,3146,979,1018]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">consistently</emphasis>
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||
; horseshoe does not
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||
<emphasis box="[1915,2124,1031,1070]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">completely</emphasis>
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||
cover muzzle (7-8—10-
|
||
<quantity box="[2550,2659,1031,1070]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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||
<emphasis box="[2669,2767,1031,1070]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">wide</emphasis>
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||
), has visible lateral leaflets, and has wide median emargination. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Baculum (based on specimens of subspecies
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<emphasis box="[2305,2435,1137,1176]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">calypso)</emphasis>
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||
has dorso-ventrally higher-than-wide basal cone; ventral notch on proximal margin of base is extremely deep, narrow, and divergent distally; shaft is
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||
<emphasis box="[2061,2196,1244,1283]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">slightly</emphasis>
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||
bent
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<emphasis box="[2311,2458,1244,1283]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">dorsally</emphasis>
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(although its ventral profile looks nearly straight in lateral view); there is slight constriction medially in dorsal view and also at
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<emphasis box="[3335,3416,1297,1336]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">very</emphasis>
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tip of bone. Skull is broad, with short rostrum (zygomatic width is significantly broader than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are considerably inflated while posterior swellings are less developed and shorter; sagittal crest is comparatively strong; frontal depression is shallow and very short; supraorbital crests are low with sharp ridges, combining at point in front of center of orbital
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<emphasis box="[2753,2856,1563,1602]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">cavity</emphasis>
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. P2 is moderately to well developed and generally within tooth row or
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<emphasis box="[2588,2724,1615,1654]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">slightly</emphasis>
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displaced, which separates C1 from P4; P3 is of medium size and displaced from tooth row, allowing P2 and P4 usually to touch, although not
|
||
<emphasis box="[2173,2293,1723,1762]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">always</emphasis>
|
||
. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62 and FN = 60 (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[3331,3514,1723,1762]" name="Thailand" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[1912,3542,345,3034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1914,2065,1776,1815]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Lowland dipterocarp forests, primary and
|
||
<emphasis box="[2874,3068,1776,1815]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">secondary</emphasis>
|
||
tropical forests, bamboo thickets, and some urban areas. Recorded at elevations of
|
||
<quantity box="[3006,3189,1829,1868]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="155.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="60.0">60—250 m</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[3321,3536,1829,1868]" name="Philippines" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and at c.
|
||
<quantity box="[2078,2328,1880,1919]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="1350.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000—1700 m</quantity>
|
||
in Borneo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[1912,3542,345,3034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1914,2103,1935,1974]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Food and</emphasis>
|
||
Feeding. Acuminate Horseshoe Bats are insectivorous. They are typically slow and maneuverable fliers that appear to forage in the subcanopy, several meters from the ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[1912,3542,345,3034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
Breeding.
|
||
<emphasis box="[2107,2141,2094,2133]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">A</emphasis>
|
||
pregnant and a lactating female were captured in June on Palawan. Males with strong musky odor were collected in October in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2922,3088,2147,2186]" name="Vietnam" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, suggesting this was the mating seas
|
||
<emphasis box="[2123,2153,2202,2241]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">©</emphasis>
|
||
®-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[1912,3542,345,3034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1912,2237,2253,2292]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Acuminate Horseshoe Bat is nocturnal and roosts during the day, primarily in caves and hollow trees, but it has also been reported roosting in buildings and drainage manifolds- Call shape is FM/CF/FM with a peak F reported
|
||
<emphasis box="[3502,3538,2359,2398]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">at</emphasis>
|
||
86-90 kHz (males) and 93—95 kHz (females) in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2845,2937,2413,2452]" name="Laos" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 90 kHz in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[3158,3325,2413,2452]" name="Vietnam" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 80 kHz in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1915,2092,2466,2505]" name="Thailand" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and 88—90 kHz in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2457,2574,2466,2505]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2594,2758,2466,2505]" name="Malaysia" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[1912,3542,345,3034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1915,2861,2519,2558]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Acuminate Horseshoe Bat has been reported roosting in small to moderate-sized colonies. A roost in a monastery in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1916,2099,2625,2664]" name="Myanmar" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
contained
|
||
<emphasis box="[2310,2331,2625,2664]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">c</emphasis>
|
||
.100 individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[1912,3542,345,3034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1916,2408,2678,2717]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on
|
||
<emphasis box="[3071,3095,2678,2717]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">T</emphasis>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis box="[3107,3135,2678,2717]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">ie</emphasis>
|
||
IUCN
|
||
<emphasis box="[3275,3437,2678,2717]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Red List.</emphasis>
|
||
The Acuminate Horseshoe
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2350,2415,2730,2769]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Bat</emphasis>
|
||
is apparently common throughout much of its wide range, and does not
|
||
<emphasis box="[2175,2349,2784,2823]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">currently</emphasis>
|
||
seem to be facing
|
||
<emphasis box="[2701,2768,2784,2823]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">any</emphasis>
|
||
major threats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[1912,3542,345,3034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1917,2125,2842,2869]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bates, Thi Mar-Mar et al. (2004), Csorba et al. (2003),
|
||
<emphasis box="[2955,3099,2842,2869]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Esselstyn</emphasis>
|
||
, Widmann & Heaney (2004), Francis (2008a), Harada,
|
||
<emphasis box="[2295,2533,2895,2922]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Minezawa et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1982), Heaney et al. (1998), Hood et al. (1988),
|
||
<emphasis box="[3290,3408,2895,2922]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Kruskop</emphasis>
|
||
(2013a), Matveev (2005), Rosell-Ambal,
|
||
<emphasis box="[2389,2537,2948,2975]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">McKinnon</emphasis>
|
||
& Esselstyn (2008), Schedvin
|
||
<emphasis box="[3004,3075,2948,2975]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1994), Stoffberg et
|
||
<emphasis box="[3394,3426,2948,2975]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010), Zhang Lin
|
||
<emphasis box="[2072,2141,3002,3029]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |