398 lines
35 KiB
XML
398 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3748525" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1586358796837" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burgin, Connor" docDate="2019" docId="885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinolophus cornutus Temminck 1834" docType="treatment" docVersion="26" lastPageNumber="311" masterDocId="7461FFDAFFCF8A29FFCCFFA1FF85D963" masterDocTitle="Rhinolophidae" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="310" updateTime="1662494444684" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rhinolophidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Burgin, Connor</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mittermeier, Russell A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>280</mods:start>
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<mods:end>332</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3748525</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3808886" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163549954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3808886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<subSubSection box="[1919,2868,3140,3201]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1919,3496,3140,3201]" box="[1919,2868,3140,3201]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<figureCitation box="[1919,1989,3140,3201]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="26.[175,218,4332,4359]" captionTargetBox="[136,3490,134,4724]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus megaphyllus}; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus keyensis}; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus virgo}; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus madurensis}; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus celebensis}; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus robinsoni); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nereis}; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus borneensis); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus malayanus}; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cornutus}; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus perditus}; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monticolus}; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shortridgei}; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monoceros}; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pusillus}; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subbadius}; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus convexus}; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cognatus}; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus refulgens}; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lepidus};" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758605/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">63</figureCitation>
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. Little Japanese Horseshoe
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2772,2868,3140,3201]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2932,3496,3140,3201]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1919,3496,3140,3201]" box="[2932,3496,3140,3201]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[2932,3496,3140,3201]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornutus">
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<emphasis box="[2932,3496,3140,3201]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Rhinolophus cornutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1917,3346,3215,3295]" box="[1918,3346,3215,3242]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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French: Rhinolophe cornu
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<emphasis box="[2275,2287,3215,3242]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">I</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2294,2417,3215,3242]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">German:</emphasis>
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Kleine
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<emphasis box="[2518,2792,3215,3242]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Japan-Hufeisennase</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2819,2944,3215,3242]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Spanish:</emphasis>
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Herradura pequeno de
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<emphasis box="[3266,3346,3215,3242]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<collectingCountry box="[3266,3346,3215,3242]" name="Japan" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Japon</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1917,3346,3215,3295]" box="[1917,3130,3268,3295]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1917,2250,3268,3295]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Other common names:</emphasis>
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Japanese
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<emphasis box="[2399,2490,3268,3295]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Lesser</emphasis>
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Horseshoe Bat, Japanese Little Horseshoe Bat
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[2737,3542,3366,3933]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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Taxonomy.
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1834" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornutus">
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<emphasis box="[2993,3212,3366,3405]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Rhinolophus</emphasis>
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cornutus Temminck, 1834
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2985,3110,3419,3458]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[2737,3542,3366,3933]" box="[2985,3110,3419,3458]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597533951" box="[2985,3104,3419,3458]" country="Japan" location="Japan" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
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<collectingCountry box="[2985,3104,3419,3458]" name="Japan" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Japan</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[2737,3542,3366,3933]" lastBlockId="31.[1917,3542,3947,4621]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName box="[2740,3135,3472,3511]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornutus">
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<emphasis box="[2740,2959,3472,3511]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Rhinolophus</emphasis>
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cornutus
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</taxonomicName>
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is included in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[2737,2877,3525,3564]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
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<emphasis box="[2737,2877,3525,3564]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">pusillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group along with
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<emphasis box="[3383,3542,3525,3564]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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R
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<emphasis box="[2742,3537,3578,3617]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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pumilus,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[2816,3007,3578,3617]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perditus">R.perditus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[3030,3270,3578,3617]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticolus">R. monticolus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[3294,3531,3578,3617]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shortridgei">R. shortridgei</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[2740,3536,3630,3669]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2740,2987,3630,3669]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monoceros">R. monoceros</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[3028,3239,3630,3669]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">R. pusillus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1844" box="[3280,3530,3630,3669]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subbadius">R. subbadius</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[2740,3444,3683,3722]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Csorba" authorityYear="1997" box="[2740,2955,3683,3722]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="convexus">R. convexus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1906" box="[2983,3196,3683,3722]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cognatus">R. cognatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[3224,3438,3683,3722]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="refulgens">R. refulgens</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[2740,2924,3735,3774]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1844" box="[2740,2919,3735,3774]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">R. lepidus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The species group is sister to a clade including the
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<emphasis box="[3135,3540,3788,3827]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1834" box="[3135,3346,3788,3827]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megaphyllus">megaphyllus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis box="[2742,2830,3841,3880]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">philippinensis,</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1844" box="[2924,3064,3841,3880]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
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<emphasis box="[2924,3064,3841,3880]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">macrotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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groups. Genetic distance between.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[2961,3108,3894,3933]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornutus">
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<emphasis box="[2961,3108,3894,3933]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">cornutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis box="[3129,3536,3894,3933]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName box="[3129,3322,3894,3933]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">R.pumilus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[3341,3531,3894,3933]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perditus">R.perditus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[1919,2148,3947,3987]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1919,2142,3947,3987]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monoceros">R. monoceros</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[2245,2432,3947,3986]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
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<emphasis box="[2245,2432,3947,3986]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">R.pusillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is small and most species overlap in echolocation frequency, which has led
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<emphasis box="[2257,2385,4000,4039]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">several</emphasis>
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authors to include all these species within
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[3223,3417,4000,4039]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
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<emphasis box="[3223,3272,4000,4039]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">R.</emphasis>
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pusillus
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, there is morphological evidence supporting the species status of these taxa, and also suggesting that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[2303,2493,4106,4145]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
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<emphasis box="[2303,2493,4106,4145]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">R.pusillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as here constituted may actually be a species complex.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[1919,2286,4158,4197]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perditus">
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<emphasis box="[1919,2286,4158,4197]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Rhinolophus perditus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is sometimes alone treated as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName box="[3166,3372,4158,4197]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="comutus">
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<emphasis box="[3166,3214,4158,4197]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">R.</emphasis>
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comutus
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</taxonomicName>
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, but it is here recognized as a distinct species, based on morphological and genetic data. Two subspecies are recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="synonymic_list">
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3750032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3750032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3750032/files/figure.png" inLine="true" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" targetBox="[1914,2708,3365,3910]" targetPageId="31">
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||
<paragraph blockId="31.[1917,3542,3947,4621]" box="[1919,2457,4318,4357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1919,2457,4318,4357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[1917,3542,3947,4621]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1834" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[1920,2496,4370,4410]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cornutus" subspecies="cornutus">
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<emphasis box="[1920,2162,4370,4410]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">R c. cornutus</emphasis>
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Temminck, 1834
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry box="[2523,2639,4370,4409]" name="Japan" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2669,2863,4370,4409]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[2882,3038,4370,4409]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Honshu</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[3059,3219,4370,4409]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Shikoku</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[3238,3383,4370,4409]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F36AEEB3F2B2C85A" box="[3238,3383,4370,4409]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Kyushu" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Kyushu</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F287EEB3F857C80D" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Okushirito" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Okushirito</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F827EEE6F7CEC80D" box="[2027,2123,4423,4462]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Sado" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Sado</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F7AFEEE6F69CC80D" box="[2147,2329,4423,4462]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Tsushima" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Tsushima</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F6FEEEE6F67BC80D" box="[2354,2558,4423,4462]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Fukuejima" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Fukuejima</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[2583,2940,4423,4462]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F5DBEEE6F4F9C80D" box="[2583,2940,4423,4462]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Kuchinoerabujima" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Kuchinoerabujima</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F45AEEE6F3ABC80D" box="[2966,3118,4423,4462]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Nakano" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Nakano</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[3144,3197,4423,4462]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F384EEE6F3F8C80D" box="[3144,3197,4423,4462]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Iki" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Iki</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F35AEEE6F356C80D" box="[3222,3283,4423,4462]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Izu" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Izu</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F321EEE6F2F9C80D" box="[3309,3452,4423,4462]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Niijima" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Niijima</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F25AEEE6F7ADC8C0" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Miyakejima" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Miyakejima</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F7F0EEDDF69FC8C0" box="[2108,2330,4476,4515]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Mikurajima" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Mikurajima</location>
|
||
, and
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522:052E606FFFD08A36F64DEEDDF513C8C0" box="[2433,2710,4476,4515]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Shikoku" name="Hachijojima Is" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Hachijöjima Is</location>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[1917,3542,3947,4621]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1920,2336,4529,4569]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1920,2070,4529,4569]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">R c. orii</emphasis>
|
||
Kuroda, 1924
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- SJapan on Amami Is (Amami-Oshima, Kakeromajima, Tokunoshima, and Okinoerabujima).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[171,1794,346,3143]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
There is one record from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[696,861,347,386]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[927,1044,347,386]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1070,1135,347,386]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">but</emphasis>
|
||
this is considered dubious and is probably based on misidentification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="311" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[171,1794,346,3143]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Descriptive
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[395,503,454,493]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 36-56-
|
||
<quantity box="[867,982,454,493]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail 15-5-29-
|
||
<quantity box="[1232,1345,454,493]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 14-19-
|
||
<quantity box="[1561,1674,454,493]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 7-10-
|
||
<quantity box="[361,474,506,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 37-
|
||
<quantity box="[717,892,506,545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="6.0">6-42 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Females have larger forearms and cranial measurements than males, and there is a decreasing cline in forearm length from north to south. Pelage is
|
||
<emphasis box="[468,587,614,653]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">woolly</emphasis>
|
||
and glossy, dorsally grayish brown (base of hairs light beige),
|
||
<emphasis box="[174,266,667,706]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">ventrally</emphasis>
|
||
similar but paler. Ears are moderate-sized. Noseleaf has concave-sided lancet; connecting process is subtriangular and curved; sella is pandurate, being constricted above middle, with a
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,582,774,813]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">broadly</emphasis>
|
||
rounded tip; horseshoe is not very broad (6-2-6-
|
||
<quantity box="[1465,1578,774,813]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), has no lateral leaflets, and short, narrow median emargination. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Baculum is 4-2-4-
|
||
<quantity box="[509,618,880,919]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and has
|
||
<emphasis box="[885,963,880,919]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">very</emphasis>
|
||
deep dorsal notch on basal cone, with small ventral notch; shaft is
|
||
<emphasis box="[587,701,933,972]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">nearly</emphasis>
|
||
cylindrical and is bent on distal one-half. Skull is long and narrow, and zygomatic width is subequal to mastoid width; anterior median swellings are small and subcircular; posterior compartments are moderate in size; rostral profile slopes gendy posteriorly or is rarely almost straight; sagittal crest is
|
||
<emphasis box="[1283,1407,1093,1132]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">weakly</emphasis>
|
||
to moderately developed; frontal depression varies from moderately to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1154,1247,1145,1184]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">fairly</emphasis>
|
||
deep; supraorbital crests are conspicuous but not generally sharp. P2 is comparatively large (although still minute) and within tooth row, P3 is medium-sized to small and lies nearly in tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62 and FNa = 60.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="311" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[171,1794,346,3143]" box="[175,912,1358,1397]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Habitat. Temperate woodland habitats.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[171,1794,346,3143]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,357,1411,1450]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Food and</emphasis>
|
||
Feeding. Litde Japanese Horseshoe Bats feed on a variety of insects, including
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[252,399,1464,1503]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Coleoptera, Trichoptera" authorityName="Coleoptera, Trichoptera" box="[422,1147,1464,1503]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1172,1391,1464,1503]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clerck" authorityYear="1757" box="[1500,1664,1464,1503]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Their diet shifts through the year, and during hibernation they often feed on camel crickets (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1869" box="[194,560,1570,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhaphidophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) within caves and on
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1005,1149,1570,1609]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[1183,1480,1570,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mycetophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1506,1693,1570,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tipulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[176,442,1623,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Trichoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trichoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that emerge in winter and
|
||
<emphasis box="[975,1066,1623,1662]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">early</emphasis>
|
||
spring outside the caves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[171,1794,346,3143]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Breeding. LitdeJapanese Horseshoe Bats exhibit restricted seasonal monoestry. Males and females roost together for a small portion of the year to breed, before females form
|
||
<emphasis box="[281,464,1782,1821]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">maternity</emphasis>
|
||
colonies in summer. Females give birth to a single young. Young begin to feed themselves by c.22 days and are weaned by
|
||
<emphasis box="[1142,1162,1834,1873]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">c</emphasis>
|
||
.45 days. Females usually become sexually mature at 28 months but do not generally reproduce until their third year. The oldest recorded individual was a 21-year-old male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[171,1794,346,3143]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,481,1993,2032]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The LittleJapanese Horseshoe Bat roosts during the day in caves, abandoned mines, unused tunnels, bomb shelters, and underground channels; it forages through the night. On
|
||
<emphasis box="[598,738,2099,2138]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Kyushu</emphasis>
|
||
, in late autumn individuals increase their weight by 28-2— 33-8% compared to summer;
|
||
<emphasis box="[733,812,2149,2188]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">they</emphasis>
|
||
hibernate through winter throughout their distribution. Hibernating bats prefer to roost in caves with
|
||
<emphasis box="[1109,1273,2205,2244]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">relatively</emphasis>
|
||
high ambient temperatures (9-15°C) and humidity (85-100%). Hibernating bats are
|
||
<emphasis box="[1228,1395,2256,2295]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">relatively</emphasis>
|
||
light sleepers and are aroused easily compared to
|
||
<emphasis box="[698,1015,2310,2349]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">GreaterJapanese</emphasis>
|
||
Horseshoe Bats (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1349,1433,2310,2349]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">A m</emphasis>
|
||
/>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1464,1533,2310,2349]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">jbon</emphasis>
|
||
). Hibernating bats regularly arouse themselves to forage outside the cave. Search call shape is FM/ CF/CF with a peak F of 103-120 kHz that increases gradually from north to south; peak frequencies were recorded at 103-104 kHz in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1118,1470,2469,2508]" country="Japan" name="Aomori" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Aomori Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 106-108 kHz on northern Honshu, 108-109 kHz on Yakushima, and 109—111 kHz on Amami-Oshima.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[171,1794,346,3143]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,849,2576,2615]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Movements, Home range and Social</emphasis>
|
||
organization. Littlejapanese Horseshoe Bats roost in sex-segregated and maternity colonies consisting of tens to hundreds of individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="311" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[171,1794,346,3143]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,661,2681,2720]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[680,754,2681,2720]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
assessed as a separate species on
|
||
<emphasis box="[1433,1498,2681,2720]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">The</emphasis>
|
||
IUCN
|
||
<emphasis box="[1633,1789,2681,2720]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">ed List,</emphasis>
|
||
where it is included under the Least Horseshoe Bat (A
|
||
<emphasis box="[1208,1357,2733,2772]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[1208,1341,2733,2772]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
}
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as Least Concern. The Littlejapanese Horseshoe Bat does not seem to be facing any major threats at present, and is rather common throughout much of its range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="311" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[171,1794,346,3143]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,383,2899,2926]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Ando eta/. (1983), Chen Shiangfan eta/. (2006), Csorba eta/. (2003), Funakoshi &Takeda (1998), Funakoshi & Uchida (1980), Funakoshi et a/. (2010), Hutson, Kingston & Walston (2008), Kurohmaru
|
||
<emphasis box="[1715,1789,2951,2978]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002), Li Gang eta/. (2006), Maeda (1988), Morigaki eta/. (2001), Ohdachi
|
||
<emphasis box="[1302,1353,3004,3031]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">eta</emphasis>
|
||
/. (2015),
|
||
<emphasis box="[1489,1577,3004,3031]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">WuYi</emphasis>
|
||
, Motokawa
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012), Xu
|
||
<emphasis box="[375,432,3057,3084]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Lijie</emphasis>
|
||
et al. (2008), Yamamoto (1986), Yokoyama & Uchida (1979), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang Lin et
|
||
<emphasis box="[1759,1789,3057,3084]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018), Zhang Weidao (1985).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |