405 lines
34 KiB
XML
405 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3748525" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1586358796837" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burgin, Connor" docDate="2019" docId="885887A2FFCD8A2AF896F90CFCD5DADB" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinolophus alcyone Temminck 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="25" lastPageNumber="282" masterDocId="7461FFDAFFCF8A29FFCCFFA1FF85D963" masterDocTitle="Rhinolophidae" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="281" updateTime="1662494444684" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rhinolophidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Burgin, Connor</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mittermeier, Russell A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>280</mods:start>
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<mods:end>332</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3748525</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3808878" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163550006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3808878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFCD8A2AF896F90CFCD5DADB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2FFCD8A2AF896F90CFCD5DADB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<subSubSection box="[1882,2615,1709,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[1880,3200,1709,1815]" box="[1882,2615,1709,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<figureCitation box="[1882,1916,1709,1770]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[178,220,4371,4398]" captionTargetBox="[101,3527,129,4721]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 4. Lander's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus landeri); 5. Guinean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus guineensis); 6. Blasius's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus blasii); 7. Peters's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lobatus); 8. Swinny's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus swinnyi); 9. Cape Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus capensis); 10. Gorongosa Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus gorongosae); 11. Roberts's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rhodesiae); 12. Bushveld Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus simulato/); 13. Dent's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus denti); 14. Cameroon Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus alticolus); 15. Mehely's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mehelyi); 16. Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryale); 17. Hildebrandt's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii); 18. Mount Mabu Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mabuensis); 19. Cohen's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cohenae); 20. Smithers's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus smithersi); 21. Mozambican Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mossambicus); 22. Rüppell's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus fumigatus); 23. Eloquent Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus Bloquons)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3748527/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">3</figureCitation>
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.
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<vernacularName box="[1951,2615,1709,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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Halcyon Horseshoe
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2519,2615,1709,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Bat</emphasis>
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</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2679,3200,1709,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[1880,3200,1709,1815]" box="[2679,3200,1709,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1852" box="[2679,3200,1709,1770]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcyone">
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<emphasis box="[2679,3200,1709,1770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Rhinolophus alcyone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1881,3080,1784,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[1880,3200,1709,1815]" box="[1881,3080,1784,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1881,1980,1784,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">French</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis box="[1995,2257,1784,1811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<vernacularName box="[1995,2257,1784,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Rhinolophe alcyone</vernacularName>
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</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2283,2402,1784,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">German</emphasis>
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:
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<vernacularName box="[2415,2701,1784,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Alcyon-Hufeisennase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2727,2847,1784,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Spanish</emphasis>
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:
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<vernacularName box="[2862,3080,1784,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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Herradura
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<emphasis box="[3003,3080,1784,1811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">alción</emphasis>
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</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[2700,3504,1882,2451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2700,2913,1882,1921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[2924,3260,1882,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Rhinolophus aZcyon</emphasis>
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« Temminck, 1853
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[2700,3504,1882,2451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864669303" country="Guinea-Bissau" location="La riviere Boutry a la Guine" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
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“
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFCD8A2AF896F90CFCD5DADB:052E606FFFCD8A2BF4D0F82EF2EDDED5" box="[2844,3432,1935,1974]" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="La riviere Boutry a la Guine" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">La rivière Boutry à la Guiné</location>
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[=
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFCD8A2AF896F90CFCD5DADB:052E606FFFCD8A2BF542F865F4FEDE88" box="[2702,2939,1988,2027]" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="Boutry River" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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Boutry
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2841,2939,1988,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">River</emphasis>
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</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2959,3107,1988,2027]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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.”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[2700,3504,1882,2451]" lastBlockId="2.[1878,3502,2464,4246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1852" box="[2702,3067,2041,2080]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcyone">
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<emphasis box="[2702,3067,2041,2080]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Rhinolophus alcyone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[3284,3406,2041,2080]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landeri">
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<emphasis box="[3284,3406,2041,2080]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">landeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group with
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[3033,3220,2095,2134]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landeri">R landeri</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eisentraut" authorityYear="1960" box="[3249,3488,2095,2134]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guineensis">R guineensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[2702,2856,2147,2186]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blasii">R blasii</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[2980,3171,2147,2186]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2980,3166,2147,2186]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatus">R lobatus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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It is genetically close to
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<emphasis box="[2885,3080,2200,2239]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[2885,3074,2200,2239]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landeri">R landeri</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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although additional sampling is needed to fully resolve its placement Although no subspecies are recognized, there are distinct pelage differences between eastern and western populations and the Bioko Island population, suggesting taxonomic revision is needed. Specimens from
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<collectingCountry box="[2273,2400,2517,2556]" name="Gabon" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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might represent
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<emphasis box="[2732,2934,2517,2556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Aellen" authorityYear="1959" box="[2732,2928,2517,2556]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="silvestris">R silvestris</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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which requires additional investigation. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749916" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749916/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" targetBox="[1878,2670,1887,2444]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[1878,3502,2464,4246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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Distribution. W &
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<emphasis box="[2238,2267,2623,2662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">C</emphasis>
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Africa from
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<collectingCountry box="[2518,2665,2623,2662]" name="Senegal" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry box="[2733,2829,2623,2662]" name="Togo" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Togo</collectingCountry>
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and from S
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<collectingCountry box="[3079,3223,2623,2662]" name="Nigeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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, S
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<collectingCountry box="[3284,3489,2623,2662]" name="Cameroon" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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, and SW
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<collectingCountry box="[2037,2506,2676,2715]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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to W
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<collectingCountry box="[2616,3048,2676,2715]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[3067,3416,2676,2715]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and Bioko I, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2126,2256,2729,2768]" name="Gabon" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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, also patchily in
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<collectingCountry box="[2570,2696,2729,2768]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Congo</collectingCountry>
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Basin, SW
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<collectingCountry box="[2906,3154,2729,2768]" name="South Sudan" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, and W
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<collectingCountry box="[3308,3462,2729,2768]" name="Uganda" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[1878,3502,2464,4246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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Descriptive
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2110,2224,2780,2819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">notes.</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[2239,2462,2780,2819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Head—body</emphasis>
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c.
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||
<quantity box="[2499,2709,2780,2819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="57.0">57—68 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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||
<quantity box="[2805,3007,2780,2819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="18.0">18—32 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity box="[3104,3307,2780,2819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="19.0">19—25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity box="[1884,2093,2834,2873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11-13 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity box="[2295,2507,2834,2873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="mm" value="52.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="48.0">48-56 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[2533,2663,2834,2873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">weight</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[2683,2839,2834,2873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="g" value="18.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="14.0">14—23 g</quantity>
|
||
. Typical dorsal pelage is dark to medium brown (hairs are yellowish beige with brown tips); ventral pelage is slighdy paler. Orange-morph pelage is pale brown to bright orange-red, which is rare. Intermediate form has been recorded where body was dark brown, with orange-brown rump. Some males have bright orange
|
||
<emphasis box="[2664,2805,3046,3085]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">axillary</emphasis>
|
||
tufts. Ears are comparatively short (36—49% of forearm length) and have 8—9 internal folds. Noseleaf has subtriangular lancet, with straight or
|
||
<emphasis box="[2400,2539,3151,3190]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">slightly</emphasis>
|
||
concave margins; tip is
|
||
<emphasis box="[3008,3145,3151,3190]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">bluntly</emphasis>
|
||
pointed; sella has extremely short white hairs and is narrow with straight, almost parallel sides; top of sella is rounded and curved forward; connecting process is well developed and subtriangular, with
|
||
<emphasis box="[2258,2396,3309,3348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">bluntly</emphasis>
|
||
to sharply pointed tip; horseshoe is of medium breadth (8-3-11-
|
||
<quantity box="[2040,2158,3362,3401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and nearly covers muzzle; and there are lateral leaflets present and median emargination. Lower lip has well-defined median groove and two poorly defined lateral grooves.
|
||
<emphasis box="[2351,2471,3467,3506]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
are medium to blackish brown, and first phalanx of fourth finger is relatively short (19—22% of fourth metacarpal). Uropatagium is paler brown; one specimen had cream uropatagium, with dark brown reticulation. Skull is robust, and zygomatic arches are moderately robust; zygomatic width is greater than mastoid width; nasal swellings are
|
||
<emphasis box="[2669,2843,3679,3718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">relatively</emphasis>
|
||
high; anterior medium swellings are globular and prominent; lateral and posterior swellings are not as
|
||
<emphasis box="[3276,3487,3732,3771]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">prominent</emphasis>
|
||
; frontal depression is
|
||
<emphasis box="[2280,2361,3785,3824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">very</emphasis>
|
||
shallow; supraorbital ridge is weak; and sagittal
|
||
<emphasis box="[3277,3368,3785,3824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">crest</emphasis>
|
||
is
|
||
<emphasis box="[1882,1960,3837,3876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">variably</emphasis>
|
||
developed, being low to well developed. P2 is in tooth row or
|
||
<emphasis box="[3165,3303,3837,3876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">slightly</emphasis>
|
||
displaced labially; C1 and P4 are well separated; P3 can be either displaced labially from tooth row or within it; and P2 and P4 are separated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[1878,3502,2464,4246]" box="[1882,3495,3996,4035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1882,2032,3996,4035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Closed tropical moist forests and also savanna
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2905,2986,3996,4035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">with</emphasis>
|
||
pockets ofsuitable habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[1878,3502,2464,4246]" box="[1882,3087,4049,4088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1882,2234,4049,4088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Halcyon Horseshoe Bat is insectivorous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[1878,3502,2464,4246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
|
||
Breeding. One lactating and three pregnant Halcyon Horseshoe Bats were captured in western
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2039,2192,4154,4193]" name="Uganda" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
in midJune, and a birth was recorded in September. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[3275,3488,4154,4193]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
, four pregnant females were captured in mid-February.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748527" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3748527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3748527/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" targetBox="[101,3527,129,4721]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[177,3483,4371,4619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
|
||
On following pages: 4. Lander's Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[881,891,4371,4398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[891,1178,4371,4398]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landeri">Rhinolophus landeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1178,1196,4371,4398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
5. Guinean Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1606,1616,4371,4398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eisentraut" authorityYear="1960" box="[1616,1963,4371,4398]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guineensis">
|
||
Rhinolophus
|
||
<emphasis box="[1807,1963,4371,4398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">guineensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1964,1983,4371,4398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
6. Blasius's Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[2397,2688,4371,4398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[2407,2671,4371,4398]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blasii">Rhinolophus blasii</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
7. Peters's Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[3086,3096,4371,4398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[3096,3392,4371,4398]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatus">Rhinolophus lobatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[3392,3411,4371,4398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
8. Swinny's Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[583,593,4426,4453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gough" authorityYear="1908" box="[593,895,4426,4453]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swinnyi">
|
||
Rhinolophus
|
||
<emphasis box="[784,895,4426,4453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">swinnyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[895,914,4426,4453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
9. Cape Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1275,1285,4426,4453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1823" box="[1285,1603,4426,4453]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">Rhinolophus capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1603,1623,4426,4453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
10. Gorongosa Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[2086,2096,4426,4453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor, Macdonald, Goodman, Kearney, Cotterill, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Guyton, Naskrecki & Richards" authorityYear="2018" box="[2096,2458,4426,4453]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorongosae">Rhinolophus gorongosae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[2458,2478,4426,4453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
11. Roberts's Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[2913,2923,4426,4453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1946" box="[2923,3258,4426,4453]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[2923,3106,4426,4453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Rhinolophus</emphasis>
|
||
rhodesiae
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[3258,3278,4426,4453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
12. Bushveld Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[407,417,4476,4503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[417,598,4476,4503]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolophus</taxonomicName>
|
||
simulato
|
||
<emphasis box="[726,762,4476,4503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">/);</emphasis>
|
||
13. Dent's Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1159,1169,4476,4503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1169,1432,4476,4503]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="denti">Rhinolophus denti</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1432,1451,4476,4503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
14. Cameroon Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1908,1918,4476,4503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1918,2227,4476,4503]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticolus">
|
||
Rhinolophus
|
||
<emphasis box="[2110,2227,4476,4503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">alticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[2227,2246,4476,4503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
15. Mehely's Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[2684,2694,4476,4503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1901" box="[2694,3000,4476,4503]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mehelyi">Rhinolophus mehelyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[3000,3019,4476,4503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
16. Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[237,247,4529,4556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blasius" authorityYear="1853" box="[247,542,4529,4556]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euryale">
|
||
Rhinolophus
|
||
<emphasis box="[439,542,4529,4556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">euryale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[542,561,4529,4556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
17. Hildebrandt's Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1050,1060,4529,4556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1878" box="[1060,1430,4529,4556]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildebrandtii">
|
||
Rhinolophus
|
||
<emphasis box="[1252,1430,4529,4556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">hildebrandtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1430,1448,4529,4556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
18. Mount Mabu Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1944,1954,4529,4556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1954,2303,4529,4556]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mabuensis">Rhinolophus mabuensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[2303,2322,4529,4556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
19.
|
||
<emphasis box="[2388,2504,4529,4556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Cohen's</emphasis>
|
||
Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[2745,2755,4529,4556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2755,3069,4529,4556]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cohenae">Rhinolophus cohenae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[3069,3089,4529,4556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
20. Smithers's Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[237,247,4582,4609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[247,572,4582,4609]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithersi">
|
||
Rhinolophus
|
||
<emphasis box="[438,572,4582,4609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">smithersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[572,591,4582,4609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
21. Mozambican Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1080,1090,4582,4609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1090,1483,4582,4609]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mossambicus">Rhinolophus mossambicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1483,1502,4582,4609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
22. Rüppell's Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1942,1952,4582,4609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1842" box="[1952,2288,4582,4609]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fumigatus">Rhinolophus fumigatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[2288,2305,4582,4609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">);</emphasis>
|
||
23. Eloquent Horseshoe Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[2744,2754,4582,4609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">(</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bloquons" authorityName="Bloquons" box="[2754,3081,4582,4609]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolophus Bloquons</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[3081,3096,4582,4609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">).</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[211,1829,335,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[211,356,336,375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Activity</emphasis>
|
||
patterns. During the day, Halcyon Horseshoe Bats roost in caves, hollow trees, roofs of thatched houses, and old mine shafts. Call
|
||
<emphasis box="[1180,1372,389,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">frequency</emphasis>
|
||
is 87 kHz in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1614,1766,389,428]" name="Uganda" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[211,1829,335,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[214,1166,442,481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Halcyon Horseshoe Bats often occur in colonies of up to 20 individuals and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1075,1303,495,534]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">occasionally</emphasis>
|
||
alone. They have been
|
||
<emphasis box="[1780,1828,495,534]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">recorded</emphasis>
|
||
roosting with
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[620,821,549,588]" name="Cameroon" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
Horseshoe Bats (
|
||
<quantity box="[1155,1194,549,588]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" unit="t" value="7.0">
|
||
7
|
||
<emphasis box="[1179,1194,549,588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">t</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1209,1355,549,588]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticolus">alticolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[211,1829,335,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[214,688,602,641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on
|
||
<emphasis box="[1299,1361,602,641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">The</emphasis>
|
||
IUCN
|
||
<emphasis box="[1485,1634,602,641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">ed List.</emphasis>
|
||
Although the Halcyon Horseshoe Bat is considered rare and difficult to find, it is widespread and is currently considered not threatened. Potential threats include habitat loss from logging and agricultural expansion. It is hunted for food in some areas, which
|
||
<emphasis box="[1716,1828,760,799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">might</emphasis>
|
||
be a localized threat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[211,1829,335,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[215,420,872,899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
ACR (2018), Csorba et al. (2003), Grubb et al. (1998), Happold, M. (2013p), Monadjem, Taylor, Jacobs &
|
||
<emphasis box="[360,472,925,952]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Cotterill</emphasis>
|
||
(2017a),
|
||
<emphasis box="[607,743,925,952]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Rosevear</emphasis>
|
||
(1965).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |