365 lines
29 KiB
XML
365 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3748525" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1586358796837" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burgin, Connor" docDate="2019" docId="885887A2FFCB8A2CF8A7F335F960D67E" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinolophus lobatus Peters 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="284" masterDocId="7461FFDAFFCF8A29FFCCFFA1FF85D963" masterDocTitle="Rhinolophidae" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="283" updateTime="1658949228820" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rhinolophidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Burgin, Connor</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mittermeier, Russell A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>280</mods:start>
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<mods:end>332</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3748525</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3808870" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163550010" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3808870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFCB8A2CF8A7F335F960D67E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2FFCB8A2CF8A7F335F960D67E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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<subSubSection box="[1899,2609,3220,3281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[1899,3191,3220,3281]" box="[1899,2609,3220,3281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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<figureCitation box="[1899,1934,3220,3281]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[178,220,4371,4398]" captionTargetBox="[101,3527,129,4721]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 4. Lander's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus landeri); 5. Guinean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus guineensis); 6. Blasius's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus blasii); 7. Peters's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lobatus); 8. Swinny's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus swinnyi); 9. Cape Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus capensis); 10. Gorongosa Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus gorongosae); 11. Roberts's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rhodesiae); 12. Bushveld Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus simulato/); 13. Dent's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus denti); 14. Cameroon Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus alticolus); 15. Mehely's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mehelyi); 16. Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryale); 17. Hildebrandt's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii); 18. Mount Mabu Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mabuensis); 19. Cohen's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cohenae); 20. Smithers's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus smithersi); 21. Mozambican Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mossambicus); 22. Rüppell's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus fumigatus); 23. Eloquent Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus Bloquons)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3748527/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">7</figureCitation>
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. Peters’s Horseshoe
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2513,2609,3220,3281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2673,3191,3220,3281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[1899,3191,3220,3281]" box="[2673,3191,3220,3281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2673,3191,3220,3281]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatus">
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<emphasis box="[2673,3191,3220,3281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Rhinolophus lobatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1898,3206,3296,3323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph blockId="4.[1898,3206,3296,3323]" box="[1898,3206,3296,3323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1898,1997,3296,3323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">French</emphasis>
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: Rhinolophe du
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<collectingRegion box="[2214,2337,3296,3323]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Zambèze</collectingRegion>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2363,2482,3296,3323]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">German</emphasis>
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: Peters-Hufeisennase /
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2801,2921,3296,3323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Spanish</emphasis>
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: Herradura de Peters
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="283" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[2715,3516,3394,3959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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Taxonomy.
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1852" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatus">
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<emphasis box="[2968,3349,3394,3433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Rhinolophus lobatus</emphasis>
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Peters, 1852
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="283" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[2715,3516,3394,3959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864669310" collectionCode="R" collectorName="E. Moreau" country="Mozambique" location="Sena and Tette], 100 miles [= 161 km] apart, Sena, the low- er down the Zambesi [River]" municipality="Restricted" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
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“Africa orientalis, Sena, Tette, 17° Aust.,”
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<collectingCountry box="[2861,3113,3498,3537]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingMunicipality box="[3140,3332,3498,3537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Restricted</collectingMunicipality>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[3351,3397,3498,3537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">by</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[3415,3448,3498,3537]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">R</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName pageId="4" pageNumber="283">E. Moreau</collectorName>
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and colleagues in 1946 by stating, “of these two localities [
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFCB8A2CF8A7F335F960D67E:052E606FFFCB8A2DF3BEF1B5F33FD7C7" country="Mozambique" municipality="Restricted" name="Sena and Tette], 100 miles [= 161 km] apart, Sena, the low- er down the Zambesi [River]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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Sena and Tette],
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<quantity box="[2721,2896,3657,3696]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" unit="mi" value="100.0">100 miles</quantity>
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[=
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<quantity box="[2963,3103,3657,3696]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" unit="km" value="161.0">161 km</quantity>
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]
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<emphasis box="[3130,3231,3657,3696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">apart</emphasis>
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, Sena, the lower down the Zambesi [River]
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</location>
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, may stand as the type-locality.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="283" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[2715,3516,3394,3959]" lastBlockId="4.[1900,3518,3974,4592]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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<emphasis box="[2774,2895,3815,3854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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R...
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2813,2895,3815,3854]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatus">lobatus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
is in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[3070,3192,3815,3854]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landeri">
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<emphasis box="[3070,3192,3815,3854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">landeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[3486,3516,3815,3854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">It</emphasis>
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has generally been included in
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<emphasis box="[3327,3513,3868,3907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[3327,3507,3868,3907]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landeri">R landeri</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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but
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||
<emphasis box="[2813,2935,3920,3959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">recent</emphasis>
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genetic and morphometric data
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<emphasis box="[1991,2140,3974,4013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">support</emphasis>
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its specific status. Although exact distributions of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[3077,3251,3974,4013]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatus">
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<emphasis box="[3077,3251,3974,4013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">R lobatus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[3343,3518,3974,4013]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landeri">
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<emphasis box="[3343,3518,3974,4013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">R landeri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
are uncertain, arrangement suggested by P.J. Taylor and colleagues in 2018 is followed here, in which all eastern and southern African populations are assigned to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[3342,3518,4079,4118]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatus">
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<emphasis box="[3342,3518,4079,4118]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">R lobatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and all western and central African populations are assigned to
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<emphasis box="[3129,3313,4132,4171]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[3129,3308,4132,4171]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landeri">R landeri</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The form
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<emphasis box="[1903,2078,4184,4223]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">angplensis</emphasis>
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from west
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<collectingCountry box="[2280,2419,4184,4223]" name="Angola" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Angola</collectingCountry>
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named by
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<emphasis box="[2625,2659,4184,4223]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">A</emphasis>
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, F. de Seabra in 1898 is included in
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<emphasis box="[3342,3518,4184,4223]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[3342,3380,4184,4223]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">AE</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[3397,3518,4184,4223]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatus">lobatus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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here,
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<emphasis box="[2012,2078,4237,4276]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">but</emphasis>
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it might be a distinct subspecies or species. There is also considerable variation in morphology and echolocation among different populations in
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<collectingCountry box="[3265,3514,4290,4329]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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that might represent additional cryptic species. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="283" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749924/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" targetBox="[1895,2687,3400,3955]" targetPageId="4">
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||
<paragraph blockId="4.[1900,3518,3974,4592]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1901,2138,4395,4434]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Only known
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2389,2470,4395,4434]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">with</emphasis>
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||
certainty from
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<collectingCountry box="[2760,3008,4395,4434]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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(based on recent morphometric studies),
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2209,2274,4448,4487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">but</emphasis>
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populations from S
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<collectingCountry box="[2666,2915,4448,4487]" name="South Sudan" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2936,3055,4448,4487]" name="Kenya" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[3075,3251,4448,4487]" name="Tanzania" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry box="[3272,3398,4448,4487]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Congo</collectingCountry>
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Basin to N
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<collectingCountry box="[1990,2128,4501,4540]" name="Angola" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Angola</collectingCountry>
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||
and S to
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<collectingCountry box="[2298,2546,4501,4540]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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and NE
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<collectingCountry box="[2707,2946,4501,4540]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, including Unguja I (
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||
<collectingCountry box="[3346,3516,4501,4540]" name="Tanzania" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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||
Archipelago) are
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||
<emphasis box="[2235,2428,4553,4592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">tentatively</emphasis>
|
||
included here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[175,1810,333,3879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
Descriptive notes. Head-body
|
||
<emphasis box="[783,805,334,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">c</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity box="[812,1021,334,373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="53.5" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="51.0">51-56 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity box="[1115,1319,334,373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="21.0">21-31 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity box="[1417,1619,334,373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="14.0">14-20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity box="[189,378,387,426]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6-12 mm</quantity>
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||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity box="[582,795,387,426]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="46.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="43.0">43—50 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight
|
||
<quantity box="[969,1105,387,426]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="g" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5—10 g</quantity>
|
||
. Description comes primarily from Mozambican specimens of Peters’s Horseshoe Bats, and additional comparisons between them and Lander’s Horseshoe Bat (
|
||
<emphasis box="[996,1185,493,532]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[996,1173,493,532]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landeri">A landeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are needed. Pelage is dense and soft, being grayish brown dorsally and lighter brown ventrally. Males often have dark reddish brown
|
||
<emphasis box="[492,635,599,638]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">axillary</emphasis>
|
||
tufts.
|
||
<emphasis box="[764,883,599,638]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
and interfemoral membrane are dark grayish brown to blackish brown. Noseleaf has hastate lancet, with bluntly pointed tip, being taller than in Lander’s Horseshoe Bat; connecting
|
||
<emphasis box="[1181,1365,705,744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">process is</emphasis>
|
||
subtriangular, with tip either sharply or
|
||
<emphasis box="[516,653,758,797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">blundy</emphasis>
|
||
pointed, and is more erect than in Lander’s Horseshoe
|
||
<emphasis box="[1733,1798,758,797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Bat</emphasis>
|
||
; sella is naked and narrow, with deeply concave sides and top broad and rounded; horseshoe is narrow at
|
||
<quantity box="[645,804,864,903]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6—8 mm</quantity>
|
||
but covers entire muzzle; there are no lateral leaflets; and median emargination is a deep notch. Lower lip has well-defined medium groove and two very poorly defined lateral grooves. There is also considerable variation between different
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[672,925,1023,1062]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
populations (from Pemba, Gorongosa, and Malashane and Chihalatan caves), although they are genetically close to one another. Individuals from Pemba have distinctively robust bacula and noseleaves with evidendy hastate lancets, and individuals from Gorongosa are smaller in external measurements and also have unique noseleaves and bacula. Their noseleaves have small hastate lancets, with bluntly pointed tips, and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1202,1376,1289,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">relatively</emphasis>
|
||
small and more erect connecting
|
||
<emphasis box="[415,599,1342,1381]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">processes</emphasis>
|
||
, with semi-symmetrical lobes; their bacula are very distinctive, being very short with wide shaft and very small base. There is a chance that this variation was due to examination of subadult individuals without fully developed noseleaves and bacula. Generally, baculum
|
||
<emphasis box="[1030,1073,1502,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">of</emphasis>
|
||
Peters’s Horseshoe Bat is longer with less bulbous tip than in Lander’s Horseshoe Bat. Skull is medium built; zygomatic width is
|
||
<emphasis box="[344,482,1608,1647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">slighdy</emphasis>
|
||
greater than mastoid width; rostrum is prognathic (unlike Lander’s Horseshoe Bat); nasal swellings are broad compared with Lander’s Horseshoe Bat; braincase is shortened compared to Lander’s Horseshoe
|
||
<emphasis box="[1300,1366,1714,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Bat</emphasis>
|
||
; sagittal crest is low to moderately developed anteriorly; and frontal depression is
|
||
<emphasis box="[1337,1471,1767,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">usually</emphasis>
|
||
shallow. P2 is positioned in tooth row because of its
|
||
<emphasis box="[879,1052,1821,1860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">relatively</emphasis>
|
||
large size, which results in large space between
|
||
<emphasis box="[361,392,1872,1911]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C</emphasis>
|
||
1 and P4. Chromosomal complement has 2
|
||
<emphasis box="[1236,1261,1872,1911]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 58 and FNa = 60 (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[175,1810,333,3879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
Habitat. Various sparse woodland regions from sea level to elevations of c.
|
||
<quantity box="[1591,1736,1980,2019]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="1980.0">1980 m</quantity>
|
||
on
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,312,2033,2072]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Mount</emphasis>
|
||
Elgon,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[456,575,2033,2072]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and less than
|
||
<quantity box="[853,989,2033,2072]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1050,1249,2033,2072]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1320,1452,2033,2072]" name="Malawi" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
and other regions of southern Africa, Peters’s Horseshoe Bats largely occur in woodland savannas, generally near riverine woodlands and other wet regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[175,1810,333,3879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,369,2192,2231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Food and</emphasis>
|
||
Feeding. Peters’s Horseshoe Bat is insectivorous. It is a slow hawker that probably forages close to the ground and might engage in fly-catching and gleaning. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[319,517,2298,2337]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, remains of c.66 insect species were found under a roost, consisting largely of noctuid moths (92%), butterflies, and several orthopterans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[175,1810,333,3879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
Breeding. Peters’s Horseshoe Bat seems to be seasonally monoestrous. Copulation probably occurs in
|
||
<emphasis box="[539,602,2457,2496]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">dry</emphasis>
|
||
season, and period of delayed implantation might be apparent. Births probably occur later in
|
||
<emphasis box="[759,826,2510,2549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">wet</emphasis>
|
||
season. Births have been recorded during peak of
|
||
<emphasis box="[178,246,2564,2603]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">wet</emphasis>
|
||
season (November) in Masalani,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[881,1000,2564,2603]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but throughout much of its southern distribution, Peters’s Horseshoe Bats probably give birth in September-November.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1675,1798,2616,2655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Young</emphasis>
|
||
begin to fly by 4-5 weeks old, and they are weaned at
|
||
<emphasis box="[1191,1212,2669,2708]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">c</emphasis>
|
||
.2 months old. There is limited evidence that young do
|
||
<emphasis box="[633,699,2722,2761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">not</emphasis>
|
||
breed until their second year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[175,1810,333,3879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,497,2776,2815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Peters’s Horseshoe Bats are active through parts of the night. They roost in the day in small colonies or alone and can enter torpor during the day to save energy. Roosts are found predominately in caves but also in rock crevices, hollow trees, buildings, and other man-made structures. Call shape is FM/CF/FM; F component is 102-108 kHz in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[523,773,2987,3026]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, averaging at 105 kHz in Gorongosa and 106-8 kHz in Chihalatan. It seems to be higher, on average, than in Lander’s Horseshoe Bat, being similar to F component reported in southern Africa (107 kHz) and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1553,1796,3093,3132]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(110 kHz). In Bungule,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[655,774,3146,3185]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, F component of 110 kHz was reported, although specific identity of Kenyan populations is currendy uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[175,1810,333,3879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,1113,3253,3292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Peters’s Horseshoe Bat roosts alone or in colonies. Colonies have 20-50 individuals in the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1185,1386,3305,3344]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, often
|
||
<emphasis box="[1515,1705,3305,3344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">associated</emphasis>
|
||
with Noack’s Leaf-nosed Bat
|
||
<emphasis box="[644,656,3358,3397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">(</emphasis>
|
||
Hipposideros
|
||
<emphasis box="[892,993,3358,3397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">ruber)</emphasis>
|
||
and Rüppell’s Horseshoe Bat (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fumigatus">A fumigatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Throughout its distribution in southern Africa, Peters’s Horseshoe Bat has been found in smaller colonies, often with fewer than twelve individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[175,1810,333,3879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,654,3517,3556]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[670,743,3517,3556]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
assessed on
|
||
<emphasis box="[995,1058,3517,3556]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">The</emphasis>
|
||
IUCN
|
||
<emphasis box="[1186,1339,3517,3556]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">ed List.</emphasis>
|
||
Peters’s Horseshoe Bat is widespread and
|
||
<emphasis box="[536,705,3570,3609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">relatively</emphasis>
|
||
common and does not seem to have any major threats. Nevertheless, because of its
|
||
<emphasis box="[697,821,3624,3663]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">recent</emphasis>
|
||
status as a distinct species,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1325,1351,3624,3663]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">it</emphasis>
|
||
is in need of additional research to clarify its conservation status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[175,1810,333,3879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,382,3736,3763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
ACR (2018), Anciaux de Faveaux (1978), Brown & Dunlop (1997), Csorba
|
||
<emphasis box="[1512,1543,3736,3763]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (2003), Dool, Puechmaille, Foley et
|
||
<emphasis box="[497,528,3788,3815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016), enton (1975), Happold, M. (2013
|
||
<emphasis box="[1144,1156,3788,3815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">s</emphasis>
|
||
), Monadjem, Taylor
|
||
<emphasis box="[1453,1484,3788,3815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (2010), Moreau
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1946), O'Shea &Vaughan (1980), Rautenbach et
|
||
<emphasis box="[945,976,3842,3869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1993), Seabra (1898),
|
||
<emphasis box="[1313,1399,3842,3869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Taylor</emphasis>
|
||
, Macdonald
|
||
<emphasis box="[1590,1658,3842,3869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |