176 lines
21 KiB
XML
176 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="BF9DFE9E3F1DDDF2FAFD37596BE45170" ID-CLB-Dataset="7680" ID-DOI="10.1206/358.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64639217-c52a-453d-a6b3-382db4402257" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4610748" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615989200907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hunt, Robert M." docDate="2011" docId="885487D55764AC4BFCA0B6FD33DC021A" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011.358.1-153.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (358)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/358.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Temnocyon subferox Cope 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="746DFFAD5740AC6DFFA7B24433290312" masterDocTitle="Evolution Of Large Carnivores During The Mid-Cenozoic Of North America: The Temnocyonine Radiation (Mammalia, Amphicyonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="153" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698933491662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="037E63DB909C0C957AF9829D3EE3C0CE">Evolution Of Large Carnivores During The Mid-Cenozoic Of North America: The Temnocyonine Radiation (Mammalia, Amphicyonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="175DB3BCF801DDFB14E94420C0D98A1F">Hunt, Robert M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B7DFB8A95DB8BCC69CFF45DC20C9B821">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2C117BBA2961BD7F36008D87F81F50D0">
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<mods:date id="06AD6043CE7C15CEC9E7BF824F17866B">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8D1D263F2CD37FDDDB2778EA06117521">2011-11-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C9DEDBCF07B186A9A9776516B1681B11">358</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="07630F1B690C999EBC8EE7417FD43106" type="CLB-Dataset">7680</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6EB1DC40833BA5FBB5B92BA88E2F9100" type="DOI">10.1206/358.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="885487D55764AC4BFCA0B6FD33DC021A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618409" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180588593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4618409" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885487D55764AC4BFCA0B6FD33DC021A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/885487D55764AC4BFCA0B6FD33DC021A" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="48E765485764AC49FCA0B6FD30F307FE" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="004236C35764AC49FCA0B6FD30F307FE" blockId="36.[775,1085,1208,1261]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="5B0A81AF5764AC49FCA0B6FD30F307FE" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405764AC49FCA0B6FD371407DD" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[775,1085,1208,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15764AC49FCA0B6FD30A307DC" box="[775,906,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Temnocyon</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15764AC49FC1FB6FD371407DD" box="[952,1085,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">T. subferox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="98C62A465764AC49FCCEB69330F307FE" box="[873,986,1239,1261]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[150,188,841,860]" captionTargetBox="[139,1216,211,811]" captionTargetId="figure-382@37.[139,1217,210,811]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 11. Temnocyon cf. T. subferox (LACM 470), right mandible with p3–m2, damaged c, p1–2, from Kew Quarry, Sespe Formation, Ventura Co., California. This is the only record of the subfamily in western North America other than fossils from the John Day region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4610768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4610768/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Figure 11</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E765485764AC49FD3CB74137B00503" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="004236C35764AC49FD3CB74130240620" blockId="36.[667,1194,1284,1330]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20ED11ED5764AC49FD3CB74130240620" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405764AC49FD3CB74137AC0605" authority=": Stock, 1933 b: 35 - 37" authorityName="Cope" authorityPageNumber="35 - 37" authorityYear="1878" box="[667,1157,1284,1304]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15764AC49FD3CB74130390605" box="[667,784,1285,1303]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Temnocyon</emphasis>
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cf.
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<treatmentCitation id="815C10D25764AC49FC92B74137AC0605" author="Stock, C." box="[821,1157,1284,1304]" page="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" year="1933">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15764AC49FC92B741308F060A" box="[821,934,1284,1304]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">T. altigenis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="646C4B325764AC49FC14B74037AC0605" author="Stock, C." box="[947,1157,1284,1303]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" pagination="29 - 41" refId="ref86095" refString="Stock, C. 1933 b. Carnivora from the Sespe of the Las Posas Hills, California. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications: Contributions to Paleontology 440 (4): 29 - 41." type="journal article" year="1933">Stock, 1933b: 35–37</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 1, fig. 6.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="004236C35764AC49FD1FB70D37B00503" blockId="36.[667,1194,1353,1759]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
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REFERRED SPECIMEN: LACM 470, right mandible with c, single-rooted p1 alveolus, alveoli of p2, damaged p3–m2, including anterior part of ascending ramus, from Kew Quarry, Las Posas Hills, CIT loc. 126, Sespe Formation, Ventura County,
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<collectingRegion id="C239F8215764AC49FC50B79A375806E6" box="[1015,1137,1502,1524]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">California</collectingRegion>
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, collected by Thurston, 1930, early Arikareean.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E765485764AC48FD1FB45332390617" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="004236C35764AC48FD1FB45332390617" blockId="36.[667,1194,1353,1759]" lastBlockId="37.[128,654,996,1759]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
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DESCRIPTION: The crushed and fragmented lower jaw was accurately described and figured by
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<bibRefCitation id="646C4B325764AC49FC85B410370A0578" author="Stock, C." box="[802,1059,1620,1642]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" pagination="29 - 41" refId="ref86095" refString="Stock, C. 1933 b. Carnivora from the Sespe of the Las Posas Hills, California. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications: Contributions to Paleontology 440 (4): 29 - 41." type="journal article" year="1933">Stock (1933b: 35–37)</bibRefCitation>
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. Premolars are closely spaced but not crowded, and p3–4 are tall, more so than in
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405764AC49FC18B4CB371605B7" authorityName=": Stock" authorityYear="1933" box="[959,1087,1678,1701]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altigenis">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15764AC49FC18B4CB371605B7" box="[959,1087,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">T. altigenis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The m1 is larger than any
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405764AC49FC3DB4E8370D05D0" authorityName=": Stock" authorityYear="1933" box="[922,1060,1707,1730]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altigenis">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15764AC49FC3DB4E8370D05D0" box="[922,1060,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">T. altigenis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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carnassial (table 2): both trigonid and talonid are broadened relative to
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FEDAB1A132D200E9" authorityName=": Stock" authorityYear="1933" box="[381,507,996,1019]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altigenis">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FEDAB1A132D200E9" box="[381,507,996,1019]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">T. altigenis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The m1/m2 length ratio is estimated at,1.8, similar to
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FDD3B64733950727" authorityName="Eyerman" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferox">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FDD3B64733950727" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">T. ferox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, taking into account damage to both molars—there is a relatively short plesiomorphic m2. The preserved lower teeth (p3– m2) are all slightly wider and more robust than these teeth in
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FEC4B6D332CD07BE" authorityName=": Stock" authorityYear="1933" box="[355,484,1173,1196]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altigenis">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FEC4B6D332CD07BE" box="[355,484,1173,1196]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">T. altigenis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(table 2). The mandible is only
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<quantity id="C7059B265765AC48FEE8B6F7328B07DB" box="[335,418,1203,1225]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
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in depth below the hypoconid of m1, its width much compressed by crushing.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="5482664B5765AC48FF31B10D30700083" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4610768" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4610768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4610768/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" startId="37.[150,188,841,860]" targetBox="[139,1216,211,811]" targetPageId="37">
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<paragraph id="004236C35765AC48FF31B10D30700083" blockId="37.[128,1227,840,914]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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Fig. 11.
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FF58B10E325D004E" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[255,372,842,860]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FF58B10E325D004E" box="[255,372,842,860]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Temnocyon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf.
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FE3BB10E313B004E" authorityName="Hunt" authorityYear="2011" box="[412,530,840,860]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subferox">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FE3BB10E313B004E" box="[412,530,840,860]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">T. subferox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(LACM 470), right mandible with p3–m2, damaged c, p1–2, from Kew Quarry, Sespe Formation, Ventura Co., California. This is the only record of the subfamily in western North America other than fossils from the John Day region.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="48E765485765AC4BFF3BB74F33DC021A" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="004236C35765AC48FF3BB74F33C105CD" blockId="37.[128,654,996,1759]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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DISCUSSION: The Kew Quarry mandible from the Sespe Formation displays differences in size and proportion of the posterior premolars and molars that argue against its placement in
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FEB8B7C032B60688" authorityName=": Stock" authorityYear="1933" box="[287,415,1411,1434]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altigenis">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FEB8B7C032B60688" box="[287,415,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">T. altigenis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The upper teeth of
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FF27B7E6325B06A5" authorityName="Hunt" authorityYear="2011" box="[128,370,1440,1463]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subferox">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FF27B7E6325B06A5" box="[128,370,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Temnocyon subferox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(YPM 10065) satisfactorily occlude with the teeth of the Kew Quarry jaw, and indicate a carnivore of approximately the same size. However, there is no associated mandible with the
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<typeStatus id="DF4688615765AC48FD80B45331A4053F" box="[551,653,1559,1581]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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skull of
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FF7AB47232760559" authorityName="Hunt" authorityYear="2011" box="[221,351,1588,1611]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subferox">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FF7AB47232760559" box="[221,351,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">T. subferox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(YPM 10065) nor is there any other mandible of appropriate size from the John Day beds that can be referred to the skull. The dentary itself is not diagnostic but is quite shallow as would be predicted for
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FDD3B4E833CB05CD" authorityName="Hunt" authorityYear="2011" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subferox">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FDD3B4E833CB05CD" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">T. subferox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="004236C35765AC4BFD7CB1A133DC021A" blockId="37.[701,1228,996,1759]" lastBlockId="38.[93,619,213,264]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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An important contrast exists between the Kew Quarry mandible and the
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<typeStatus id="DF4688615765AC48FBC2B64637E2070A" box="[1125,1227,1026,1048]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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mandible of
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FCFBB65B37530727" authority="Hunt, 2011" authorityName="Hunt" authorityYear="2011" box="[860,1146,1055,1078]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Delotrochanter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersoni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FCFBB65B37530727" box="[860,1146,1055,1078]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Delotrochanter petersoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="29BA57AA5765AC48FB20B66437E20727" box="[1159,1227,1056,1077]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(CM 1603). CM 1603 belonged to a carnivore only slightly larger than the Kew Quarry animal, yet its p2 is short, with a large posterior and a small anterior root, placed very close together. The Kew Quarry p2 is elongate, and its two roots are of about equal size and spaced well apart. Thus the Kew Quarry carnivore does not approach
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<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FB2BB748301B0652" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Delotrochanter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FB2BB748301B0652" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Delotrochanter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in premolar form, since the p2 is a key derived trait of the latter genus, nor does its m1 show the straight (as opposed to sinuous) labial cingulum found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FBCCB7C6303806A5" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Delotrochanter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FBCCB7C6303806A5" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Delotrochanter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Kew Quarry animal cannot be referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FCF0B7FB30C506C6" box="[855,1004,1471,1492]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Mammacyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FCF0B7FB30C506C6" box="[855,1004,1471,1492]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Mammacyon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because it lacks shared derived dental traits of that genus: the notched lingual margin of the m1 talonid and the elongate m2. It is more likely that the Kew Quarry mandible belongs to a carnivoran similar to the John Day
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FBEFB41730360594" authorityName="Hunt" authorityYear="2011" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subferox">
|
||
<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FBEFB41730360594" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Temnocyon subferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that retained the shearing dentition typical of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7FD4D405765AC48FC24B4CA372F05B1" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[899,1030,1678,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Temnocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3289EAD15765AC48FC24B4CA372F05B1" box="[899,1030,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Temnocyon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage. Fossil mammals found with LACM
|
||
<quantity id="C7059B265765AC48FB9FB4E837AE05D3" box="[1080,1159,1707,1729]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1938" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" unit="in" value="470.0">470 in</quantity>
|
||
Kew Quarry favor an early Arikareean age for the quarry assemblage (see discussion in Age and Correlation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |