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<mods:title id="6D6E0EDAC45BEA553A9413E95BBF284B">Taxonomic notes concerning the genus Catharsius Hope, 1837 (Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="18E83F2FD08E8F10EB1D7DE8167C4560">Takano, Hitoshi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="19C6AE0F7739D96D94AD861E2C00E788">African Natural History Research Trust, Street Court, Kingsland, Leominster HR 6 9 QA, UK. &amp; Department of Zoology, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX 1 3 PS, UK &amp; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="865687A5FF93FFFC27974AB72375FED9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5568724" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189077013" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5568724" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:865687A5FF93FFFC27974AB72375FED9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/865687A5FF93FFFC27974AB72375FED9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">
<subSubSection id="46E56538FF93FFFD27974AB7225AFA05" box="[151,847,1410,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0E4036B3FF93FFFD27974AB7225AFA05" blockId="4.[151,847,1410,1437]" box="[151,847,1410,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">
<heading id="550881DFFF93FFFD27974AB7225AFA05" bold="true" box="[151,847,1410,1437]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" reason="1">
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF93FFFD27974AB7225AFA05" bold="true" box="[151,847,1410,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="C9FF4D30FF93FFFD27974AB723D4FA04" ID-CoL="8RXX7" authority="(Shipp, 1897)" authorityName="Takano" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Shipp" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[151,705,1410,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Metacatharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexiusculus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF93FFFD27974AB72301FA05" bold="true" box="[151,532,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">Metacatharsius convexiusculus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF93FFFD25234AB723ACFA04" author="Shipp, W. J." box="[547,697,1410,1436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" pagination="448 - 452" refId="ref5042" refString="Shipp, W. J. (1897) Scarabaeidae. In: Donaldson Smith, A., Through Unknown African Countries. Edward Arnold, London, pp. 448 - 452." type="book chapter" year="1897">Shipp, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="27B857DAFF93FFFD25C94AB6225AFA05" box="[713,847,1411,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46E56538FF93FFFD27974AFD2084F886" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0E4036B3FF93FFFD27974AFD2322FA47" blockId="4.[151,1071,1479,1534]" box="[151,567,1479,1503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2EEF119DFF93FFFD27974AFD2322FA47" box="[151,567,1479,1503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">
<treatmentCitation id="8F5E10A2FF93FFFD27974AFD2326FA47" author="Shipp, W. J." box="[151,563,1479,1503]" page="450" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" year="1897">
<taxonomicName id="C9FF4D30FF93FFFD27974AFD2326FA47" ID-CoL="8R8HT" authority="Shipp, 1897: 450" authorityName="Shipp" authorityPageNumber="450" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,563,1479,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexiusculus">
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF93FFFD27974AFD206EFA47" box="[151,379,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">Copris convexiusculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF93FFFD26824AF22326FA47" author="Shipp, W. J." box="[386,563,1479,1503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" pagination="448 - 452" refId="ref5042" refString="Shipp, W. J. (1897) Scarabaeidae. In: Donaldson Smith, A., Through Unknown African Countries. Edward Arnold, London, pp. 448 - 452." type="book chapter" year="1897">Shipp, 1897: 450</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E4036B3FF93FFFD27974AD3253AFA66" blockId="4.[151,1071,1479,1534]" box="[151,1071,1510,1534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2EEF119DFF93FFFD27974AD3253AFA66" box="[151,1071,1510,1534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="C9FF4D30FF93FFFD27974AD32329FA66" authority="(Shipp, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Shipp" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[151,572,1510,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Catharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexiusculus">
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF93FFFD27974AD320B3FA66" box="[151,422,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">Catharsius convexiusculus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF93FFFD26B44AD32321FA66" author="Shipp, W. J." box="[436,564,1510,1534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" pagination="448 - 452" refId="ref5042" refString="Shipp, W. J. (1897) Scarabaeidae. In: Donaldson Smith, A., Through Unknown African Countries. Edward Arnold, London, pp. 448 - 452." type="book chapter" year="1897">Shipp, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="8F5E10A2FF93FFFD25454AD323F2FA66" author="Gillet, J. J." box="[581,743,1510,1534]" page="68" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF93FFFD25454AD323F2FA66" author="Gillet, J. J." box="[581,743,1510,1534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" pagination="3 - 100" refId="ref4421" refString="Gillet, J. J. (1911) Pars 38. Scarabaeidae: Coprinae. I. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 3 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1911">Gillet, 1911: 68</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="8F5E10A2FF93FFFD25F14AD322A2FA66" author="Ferreira, M. C." box="[753,951,1510,1534]" page="248" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF93FFFD25F14AD322A2FA66" author="Ferreira, M. C." box="[753,951,1510,1534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" pagination="155 - 270" refId="ref4027" refString="Ferreira, M. C. (1960) Revisao das especies Etiopicas do subgenera Catharsius s. str. Revista Entomologia Mocambique, 3 (2), 155 - 270." type="journal article" year="1960">Ferreira, 1960: 248</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="8F5E10A2FF93FFFD24C24AD3253EFA66" author="Ferreira, M. C." box="[962,1067,1510,1534]" page="264" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF93FFFD24C24AD3253EFA66" author="Ferreira, M. C." box="[962,1067,1510,1534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" pagination="5 - 1088" refId="ref4204" refString="Ferreira, M. C. (1972) Os Escarabideos de Africa (sul do Saara). I. Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique, 11, 5 - 1088." type="journal article" year="1972">1972: 264</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E4036B3FF93FFFD279749192084F886" blockId="4.[151,1437,1580,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">
There have been a number of recent revisional works in which Shipp’s
<typeStatus id="D1448811FF93FFFD24A5491822F5F9DF" box="[933,992,1581,1607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">types</typeStatus>
could not be located (
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF93FFFD23D14919248DF9DE" author="Forgie, S. A. &amp; Grebennikov, V. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[1233,1432,1580,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" pagination="931 - 955" refId="ref4237" refString="Forgie, S. A., Grebennikov, V. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H. (2002) Revision of Sceliages Westwood, a millipede-eating genus of southern African dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 16, 931 - 955. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 01025" type="journal article" year="2002">
Forgie
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF93FFFD22214918244DF9DE" box="[1313,1368,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF93FFFD2797496520C1F9F3" author="Silva, F. A. B. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello, F." box="[151,468,1616,1643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" pagination="505 - 520" refId="ref5077" refString="Silva, F. A. B. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello, F. (2015) A revision of the genus Aphengium Harold, 1868 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini). Zootaxa, 3955 (4), 505 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3955.4.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Silva &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2015</bibRefCitation>
) and although only the
<taxonomicName id="C9FF4D30FF93FFFD25E649652274F9F2" ID-CoL="3JFW" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1837" box="[742,865,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Catharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF93FFFD25E649652274F9F2" box="[742,865,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">Catharsius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were studied by the author in MTD, it is likely that the majority of Shipp’s
<typeStatus id="D1448811FF93FFFD25344940237AF917" box="[564,623,1653,1679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">types</typeStatus>
stated as being in the Tring Museum are found in the Felsche collection housed in MTD. This, however, does not include any species described by Shipp from collections other than Tring;
<typeStatus id="D1448811FF93FFFD2797498821C7F94F" box="[151,210,1725,1751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="C9FF4D30FF93FFFD27F94989232AF94F" ID-CoL="3Q2J9" authority="Shipp, 1895" authorityName="Shipp" authorityYear="1895" box="[249,575,1724,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Irrorhotides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fryi">
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF93FFFD27F9498920BAF94E" box="[249,431,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">Irrorhotides fryi</emphasis>
Shipp, 1895
</taxonomicName>
stated in the original description as belonging in the Fry Collection (housed in BMNH) and
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF93FFFD264D49D52340F962" box="[333,597,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">Spodochalmys poultoni</emphasis>
Shipp,
<quantity id="C9079B56FF93FFFD25B049D52212F962" box="[688,775,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8133" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" unit="in" value="1895.0">1895 in</quantity>
the Hope Museum (OUMNH) are still preserved in these respective collections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="0E4036B3FF93FFFC27C7481D2375FED9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1580,2039]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">
The reference to the whereabouts of Shipp’s collection in
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF93FFFD2462481C2527F8DA" author="Horn, W. &amp; Kahle, I. &amp; Friese, G. &amp; Gaedike, R." box="[866,1074,1832,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" refId="ref4489" refString="Horn, W., Kahle, I., Friese, G. &amp; Gaedike, R. (1990) Collectiones Entomologicae. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin, 573 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Horn
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF93FFFD24A4481C22CBF8DA" box="[932,990,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
(1990)
</bibRefCitation>
is likely to refer specifically to his personal collection which was sold at Steven’s Auctioneers to Percy May Bright and henceforth to Tring. It is well known that the majority of the Tring Lepidoptera collection was bequeathed by Lord Walter Rothschild to BMNH but large parts of the
<taxonomicName id="C9FF4D30FF93FFFD26EB48A12373F836" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[491,614,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
collection were sold off and the Coprophaga was purchased by Felsche (see under
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF93FFFD2613488C20A3F84A" box="[275,438,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">Tring Museum</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF93FFFD26DB488C23F9F84A" author="Horn, W. &amp; Kahle, I. &amp; Friese, G. &amp; Gaedike, R." box="[475,748,1976,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" refId="ref4489" refString="Horn, W., Kahle, I., Friese, G. &amp; Gaedike, R. (1990) Collectiones Entomologicae. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin, 573 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Horn
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF93FFFD251C488C2341F84A" box="[540,596,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
(1990: 397))
</bibRefCitation>
. This is supported by a number of letters from the turn of the 20
<superScript id="F98A9BFBFF93FFFD27B348E921D5F872" attach="left" box="[179,192,2012,2026]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">th</superScript>
Century in the BMNH archives from Felsche to Karl
<collectingCountry id="76E87623FF93FFFD241248E92275F86E" box="[786,864,2012,2038]" name="Jordan" pageId="4" pageNumber="284">Jordan</collectingCountry>
, a curator at Tring, discussing prices of beetles such as
<taxonomicName id="C9FF4D30FF92FFFC27B74FA2202EFF29" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1837" box="[183,315,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Heliocopris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF92FFFC27B74FA2202EFF29" box="[183,315,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="285">Heliocopris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C9FF4D30FF92FFFC264B4FA220D3FF29" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1837" box="[331,454,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Catharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF92FFFC264B4FA220D3FF29" box="[331,454,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="285">Catharsius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C9FF4D30FF92FFFC25004FA2237BFF29" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1819" box="[512,622,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF92FFFC25004FA2237BFF29" box="[512,622,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="285">Phanaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is through these sales that Shipp’s
<typeStatus id="D1448811FF92FFFC23244FA2254AFF29" box="[1060,1119,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="285">types</typeStatus>
have ended up in Felsche’s collection and not in BMNH. Subsequent and recent references to Shipp’s
<typeStatus id="D1448811FF92FFFC24FA4F8E2520FF4D" box="[1018,1077,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="285">types</typeStatus>
being deposited in the BMNH collections, such as the unverified reference to the presence of the
<typeStatus id="D1448811FF92FFFC247A4FEA22A0FF61" box="[890,949,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="285">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="C9FF4D30FF92FFFC24D94FEA2478FF61" authority="Shipp, 1895" authorityName="Shipp" authorityYear="1895" box="[985,1389,222,249]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Heliocopris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donaldsoni">
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF92FFFC24D94FEA25F5FF61" box="[985,1248,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="285">Heliocopris donaldsoni</emphasis>
Shipp, 1895
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C9FF4D30FF92FFFC27974E362309FE85" authority="Shipp, 1897" authorityName="Shipp" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,540,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Heliocopris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriaceus">
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF92FFFC27974E36209AFE84" box="[151,399,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="285">Heliocopris coriaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF92FFFC26954E362309FE85" author="Shipp, W. J." box="[405,540,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="285" pagination="448 - 452" refId="ref5042" refString="Shipp, W. J. (1897) Scarabaeidae. In: Donaldson Smith, A., Through Unknown African Countries. Edward Arnold, London, pp. 448 - 452." type="book chapter" year="1897">
Shipp,
<quantity id="C9079B56FF92FFFC26E44E362309FE85" box="[484,540,259,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.81838" pageId="5" pageNumber="285" unit="in" value="1897.0">1897</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in BMNH by
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF92FFFC25BB4E3622B9FE85" author="Pokorny, S. &amp; Zidek, J. &amp; Werner, K." box="[699,940,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="285" refId="ref4953" refString="Pokorny, S., Zidek, J. &amp; Werner, K. (2009) The Giant Dung Beetles of the Genus Heliocopris. Taita Publishers, Hradec Kralove, 136 pp." type="book" year="2009">
Pokorný
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF92FFFC24214E36224CFE85" box="[801,857,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="285">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, are likely as a result of an assumption made through the
<bibRefCitation id="6A6E4B42FF92FFFC261F4E1220FCFED9" author="Horn, W. &amp; Kahle, I. &amp; Friese, G. &amp; Gaedike, R." box="[287,489,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="285" refId="ref4489" refString="Horn, W., Kahle, I., Friese, G. &amp; Gaedike, R. (1990) Collectiones Entomologicae. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin, 573 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Horn
<emphasis id="3C8BEAA1FF92FFFC265F4E122082FED9" box="[351,407,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="285">et al.</emphasis>
(1990)
</bibRefCitation>
reference.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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