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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7322c173-acc3-495c-893e-abadd8053769" ID-PMC="PMC7892534" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1016-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="44B553052CCF5F1A9DB2D1295302BFB2" ID-PubMed="33628077" ID-ZooBank="133ADA73102F422D8D6CBD27A01F1551" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1016-1" checkinTime="1613177944046" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lago-Barcia, Domingo, Silva, Marcos Santos &amp; Carbayo, Fernando" docDate="2021" docId="85477301F2CA555D85D28A9FD106F588" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1016: 1-48" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1016" docPubDate="2021-02-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617" docTitle="Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="51DD356F-96DA-43B7-B860-CE6C40B5405B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="44B553052CCF5F1A9DB2D1295302BFB2" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="44B553052CCF5F1A9DB2D1295302BFB2" masterDocTitle="Revision and description of six species of Choeradoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida), with an emendation to the genus" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668149782349" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision and description of six species of Choeradoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida), with an emendation to the genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lago-Barcia, Domingo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Ecologia e Evolucao, Escola de Artes, Ciencias e Humanidades (EACH), Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP, 03828 - 000, Brazil &amp; Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matao, Tv. 14, 321, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">domingo.lagobarcia@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Silva, Marcos Santos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Ecologia e Evolucao, Escola de Artes, Ciencias e Humanidades (EACH), Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP, 03828 - 000, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Carbayo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Ecologia e Evolucao, Escola de Artes, Ciencias e Humanidades (EACH), Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP, 03828 - 000, Brazil &amp; Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matao, Tv. 14, 321, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, Brazil &amp; Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Sistematica, Taxonomia Animal e Biodiversidade, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-02-11</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1016</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>48</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1016-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">133ADA73102F422D8D6CBD27A01F1551</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">44B553052CCF5F1A9DB2D1295302BFB2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177383259" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:51DD356F-96DA-43B7-B860-CE6C40B5405B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/85477301F2CA555D85D28A9FD106F588" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/51DD356F-96DA-43B7-B860-CE6C40B5405B" authority="Silva &amp; Carbayo" authorityName="Silva &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Choeradoplana" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choeradoplana eudoxiae" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="eudoxiae" status="sp. nov.">Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Holotype A living animal in dorsal view B, C detail of anterior extremity in a dorsal view D detail of anterior extremity in ventro-lateral view in the preserved specimen. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507872" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of the holotype A dorsal portion of the pre-pharyngeal region ofreion B ventral portion of the pre-pharyngeal region C anterior region at 0.1 mm from the anterior tip of the body. of the pre-pharyngeal region D anterior region at 0.5 mm from the anterior tip of the body. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507873" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype A, B pharynx C prostatic vesicle and male atrium D copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507874" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Holotype A diagrammatic reconstruction of copulatory apparatus B photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the female atrium. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507875" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
MZUSP 2272 (field code, F3417), sexually mature: Floresta Nacional de
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Francisco de Paula, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, (
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.43628" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.43628">-29.43628</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.37369" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-50.37369">-50.37369</geoCoordinate>
). coll. F. Carbayo and co-workers, 22 January 2009; transverse sections of the cephalic region on 7 slides; horizontal sections of ovaries on 4 slides; transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region on 4 slides; sagittal sections of the pharynx and copulatory apparatus on 8 slides; the posterior extremity on 3 slides.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Only known from the type locality, Floresta Nacional de
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Francisco de Paula, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The specific epithet pays homage to the late Prof.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Eudóxia">Eudoxia</normalizedToken>
Maria Froehlich, 21 October 1928 - 26 September 2015, for her insightful life lessons and lasting contribution to the knowledge of the neotropical planarian fauna for 60 years.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Silva &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Choeradoplana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choeradoplana" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Choeradoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with pastel yellow back and brown fawn spots more concentrated in the paramedian region. Its anterior extremity has no lateral dilations or
<normalizedToken originalValue="“neck”">&quot;neck&quot;</normalizedToken>
differentiating its head from its body. The ventral side of the cephalic region is concave, and without distinct glandular cushions. The extrabulbar portion of the prostatic vesicle has paired branches and an unpaired, roughly rounded section; the intrabulbar portion is a dilated vertical duct. Penis papilla is absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The live holotype measured 38 mm in length, and 1.5 mm in width. Preserved, it measured 27.5 mm in length and 2 mm in width. Its body is slender and subcylindrical, with the anterior 1/8 becoming progressively thinner towards the anterior tip. The anterior extremity is rounded and the posterior is pointed. The dorsal side is convex, while the ventral side is slightly convex. The anteriormost body portion is approximately five millimeters long and rolled up so that the ventral side is facing upwards (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Holotype A living animal in dorsal view B, C detail of anterior extremity in a dorsal view D detail of anterior extremity in ventro-lateral view in the preserved specimen. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507872" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10A-C</figureCitation>
). This ventral surface is concave, without distinct glandular cushions. This ventral surface is flat in the preserved holotype. Its creeping sole is as wide as 75.5% of body width at the pre-pharyngeal region. Its mouth is 14.5 mm (52.7% of body length) from the anterior extremity, and the gonopore is 16.8 mm (61.1%).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The dorsum background color of the body is pastel yellow (RAL 1034) with fawn brown (RAL 8007) spots (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Holotype A living animal in dorsal view B, C detail of anterior extremity in a dorsal view D detail of anterior extremity in ventro-lateral view in the preserved specimen. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507872" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10A-C</figureCitation>
); these spots are more densely distributed in the paramedian regions, some merged with each other. The ventral side is cream (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Holotype A living animal in dorsal view B, C detail of anterior extremity in a dorsal view D detail of anterior extremity in ventro-lateral view in the preserved specimen. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507872" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10D</figureCitation>
). The cephalic extremity is greyish dorsally and ventrally. The body color faded on the preserved holotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The eyes are one pigmented-cup type of 25-30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter. There are no clear halos around them (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Holotype A living animal in dorsal view B, C detail of anterior extremity in a dorsal view D detail of anterior extremity in ventro-lateral view in the preserved specimen. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507872" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10C, D</figureCitation>
). Since the very anterior histological sections are lost, it could not be ascertained whether they occur in this body region. Posteriorly, the eyes are marginal along the body length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Sensory pits are 17.0-22.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
deep, distributed ventro-laterally in a uniserial row from the anterior sections of the body (approximately 0.2 mm of the anteriormost body were lost) to 4.5 mm behind it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Abundant rhabditogen cells open onto the dorsal surface of the body and its margins in the pre-pharyngeal region. The epithelium of the margins is also pierced by gland cells producing erythrophil granules (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of the holotype A dorsal portion of the pre-pharyngeal region ofreion B ventral portion of the pre-pharyngeal region C anterior region at 0.1 mm from the anterior tip of the body. of the pre-pharyngeal region D anterior region at 0.5 mm from the anterior tip of the body. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507873" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A, B</figureCitation>
). The ventral epithelium is pierced by three types of gland cells, namely scarce gland cells producing granules of dark, cyanophil secretion, gland cells producing cyanophil granules, and gland cells producing an erythrophil secretion. There is no glandular margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The cutaneous musculature consists of a subepithelial circular muscle, followed by a diagonal layer with decussate fibers, and a longitudinal muscle organized in bundles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of the holotype A dorsal portion of the pre-pharyngeal region ofreion B ventral portion of the pre-pharyngeal region C anterior region at 0.1 mm from the anterior tip of the body. of the pre-pharyngeal region D anterior region at 0.5 mm from the anterior tip of the body. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507873" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A, B</figureCitation>
). This longitudinal muscle is 57.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick dorsally and arranged in bundles of 50-90 fibers each, whereas ventrally it is divided into a 30
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm-thick">μm-thick</normalizedToken>
muscle of bundles (with 8-15 fibers each), and an insunk muscle with 70
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm-thick">μm-thick</normalizedToken>
bundles (with 16-32 fibers each) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of the holotype A dorsal portion of the pre-pharyngeal region ofreion B ventral portion of the pre-pharyngeal region C anterior region at 0.1 mm from the anterior tip of the body. of the pre-pharyngeal region D anterior region at 0.5 mm from the anterior tip of the body. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507873" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A</figureCitation>
). The thickness of the cutaneous muscle coat is 20% of the body height.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In the pre-pharyngeal region, the same parenchymal muscles as in
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. iheringi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="iheringi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. iheringi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, namely the dorsal decussate muscle (52-55
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick), transverse supra-intestinal muscle (20-22
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
); and transverse subintestinal muscle (12-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of the holotype A dorsal portion of the pre-pharyngeal region ofreion B ventral portion of the pre-pharyngeal region C anterior region at 0.1 mm from the anterior tip of the body. of the pre-pharyngeal region D anterior region at 0.5 mm from the anterior tip of the body. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507873" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The muscle retractor of the head is delta-shaped in a cross-section along ~ 0.5 mm (or 1.8% of body length) starting from 0.1 mm behind the anterior extremity of the body (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of the holotype A dorsal portion of the pre-pharyngeal region ofreion B ventral portion of the pre-pharyngeal region C anterior region at 0.1 mm from the anterior tip of the body. of the pre-pharyngeal region D anterior region at 0.5 mm from the anterior tip of the body. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507873" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11C, D</figureCitation>
), and its thickness equals 36% of the height of the cephalic region. The Muskelgeflecht is 32
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick (22% of body height). The subneural parenchymal muscle consists of a few transverse fibers. The glandular cushions are composed of a relatively small quantity of rhabditogen cells (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of the holotype A dorsal portion of the pre-pharyngeal region ofreion B ventral portion of the pre-pharyngeal region C anterior region at 0.1 mm from the anterior tip of the body. of the pre-pharyngeal region D anterior region at 0.5 mm from the anterior tip of the body. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507873" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The central nervous system presents a ventral nerve plate (70-85
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick or 9-11% of body height) in the pre-pharyngeal region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The mouth is located in the middle of the pharyngeal pouch (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype A, B pharynx C prostatic vesicle and male atrium D copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507874" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A</figureCitation>
). The pharynx is bell-shaped (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype A, B pharynx C prostatic vesicle and male atrium D copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507874" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12B</figureCitation>
). An esophagus is absent. The outer pharyngeal epithelium is underlain by an 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm-thick">μm-thick</normalizedToken>
longitudinal muscle, followed by a 15
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm-thick">μm-thick</normalizedToken>
circular muscle. The inner pharyngeal epithelium is underlain by a circular muscle layer with longitudinal fibers interspersed (20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The testes are dorsal, 90-150
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diameter, located under the supra-intestinal transverse muscle layer, and partially placed between the intestinal diverticula. The anteriormost testes are located 0.9 mm anterior to the ovaries (or 21% of the body length); posteriormost near the root of the pharynx (49% of the body length). Sperm ducts run immediately above the subintestinal muscle layer, dorsally and slightly internal to the ovovitelline ducts. Distal portions of sperm ducts contain sperm and are surrounded by a 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm-thick">μm-thick</normalizedToken>
circular muscle. These ducts communicate with the respective short branch of the prostatic vesicle (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype A, B pharynx C prostatic vesicle and male atrium D copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507874" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, D</figureCitation>
). The paired branches run posteriorly. The extrabulbar portion of the prostatic vesicle consists of these paired branches and an unpaired, roughly rounded section with pleated wall receiving the branches. The intrabulbar portion of the prostatic vesicle is elongate and runs dorsally and posteriorly. The passage of the prostatic vesicle to the proximal region of the male atrium is narrowed by an annular fold (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype A, B pharynx C prostatic vesicle and male atrium D copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507874" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, D</figureCitation>
). There is no ejaculatory duct, nor penis papilla. The penis bulb is very thick and consists of numerous muscle fibers which are continuous with those underlying the epithelium of the male atrium. The prostatic vesicle is lined with a columnar, ciliated epithelium underlain by a dense layer (20
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick) of interwoven circular and longitudinal muscle fibers. The epithelium of the diverticula and that of the anterior section of extrabulbar section of prostatic vesicle are pierced by numerous gland cells producing strong erythrophil (pinkish) granules. The epithelium of the posterior section of the extrabulbar portion is pierced by gland cells producing abundant erythrophil granules. Two types of gland cells pierce the epithelium of the intrabulbar portion of the vesicle; one type is very abundant, and produces cyanophil granules, while the second type produces erythrophil granules.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507872" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Silva &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Choeradoplana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choeradoplana eudoxiae" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Choeradoplana eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
living animal in dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
detail of anterior extremity in a dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
detail of anterior extremity in ventro-lateral view in the preserved specimen. Abbreviations:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cm</emphasis>
common muscle coat,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">co</emphasis>
common glandular ovovitelline duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dd</emphasis>
decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dm</emphasis>
diagonal decussate muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">e</emphasis>
eye,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ej</emphasis>
ejaculatory duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ep</emphasis>
esophagus,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">er</emphasis>
erythrophil secretion,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fa</emphasis>
female atrium,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fd</emphasis>
female genital duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">g</emphasis>
gonopore,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">i</emphasis>
intestine,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lc</emphasis>
longitudinal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ma</emphasis>
male genital atrium,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mk</emphasis>
Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899),
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mo</emphasis>
mouth,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">o</emphasis>
ovary,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ov</emphasis>
ovovitelline duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ph</emphasis>
pharyngeal pouch,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pp</emphasis>
penis papilla,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pv</emphasis>
prostatic vesicle,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">px</emphasis>
pharynx,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">rg</emphasis>
rhabditogen glands,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">r</emphasis>
retractor muscle,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sb</emphasis>
subintestinal transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sd</emphasis>
sperm duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sg</emphasis>
shell glands,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sk</emphasis>
sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sm</emphasis>
spermatophore,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sn</emphasis>
subneural transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp</emphasis>
supra-intestinal transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">t</emphasis>
testis,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vi</emphasis>
vitellaria,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vn</emphasis>
ventral nerve plate.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The male atrium is elongated. The proximal half is horizontal, slightly folded and narrow. The distal half is wider, and provided with two large transverse and oblique folds. The atrium is lined with a 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
high epithelium, and pierced by two types of gland cells producing erythrophil and cyanophil granules, respectively. The atrial epithelium is underlain by a 20 to 35
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm-thick">μm-thick</normalizedToken>
circular muscle with longitudinal fibers intermingled (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype A, B pharynx C prostatic vesicle and male atrium D copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507874" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Holotype A diagrammatic reconstruction of copulatory apparatus B photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the female atrium. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507875" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507873" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Silva &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Choeradoplana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choeradoplana eudoxiae" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Choeradoplana eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of transverse sections of the holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
dorsal portion of the pre-pharyngeal region ofreion
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
ventral portion of the pre-pharyngeal region
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
anterior region at 0.1 mm from the anterior tip of the body. of the pre-pharyngeal region
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
anterior region at 0.5 mm from the anterior tip of the body. Abbreviations:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cm</emphasis>
common muscle coat,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">co</emphasis>
common glandular ovovitelline duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dd</emphasis>
decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dm</emphasis>
diagonal decussate muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">e</emphasis>
eye,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ej</emphasis>
ejaculatory duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ep</emphasis>
esophagus,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">er</emphasis>
erythrophil secretion,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fa</emphasis>
female atrium,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fd</emphasis>
female genital duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">g</emphasis>
gonopore,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">i</emphasis>
intestine,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lc</emphasis>
longitudinal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ma</emphasis>
male genital atrium,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mk</emphasis>
Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899),
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mo</emphasis>
mouth,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">o</emphasis>
ovary,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ov</emphasis>
ovovitelline duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ph</emphasis>
pharyngeal pouch,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pp</emphasis>
penis papilla,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pv</emphasis>
prostatic vesicle,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">px</emphasis>
pharynx,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">rg</emphasis>
rhabditogen glands,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">r</emphasis>
retractor muscle,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sb</emphasis>
subintestinal transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sd</emphasis>
sperm duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sg</emphasis>
shell glands,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sk</emphasis>
sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sm</emphasis>
spermatophore,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sn</emphasis>
subneural transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp</emphasis>
supra-intestinal transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">t</emphasis>
testis,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vi</emphasis>
vitellaria,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vn</emphasis>
ventral nerve plate.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The ovaries are mature, rounded, ~ 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter. They are located 8.9 mm from the anterior extremity of the body (24.7 % of body length), and above the ventral nerve plate. The ovovitelline ducts emerge from the dorso-lateral aspect of the ovaries and run above the nerve plate; their proximal section contains sperm. Laterally to the female atrium, they rise posteriorly to unite dorsally to the common glandular ovovitelline duct (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Holotype A diagrammatic reconstruction of copulatory apparatus B photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the female atrium. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507875" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A, B</figureCitation>
). This common duct is located behind the female atrium, and runs downwards to open into a canalicular projection of the posterior section of the female atrium.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507874" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Silva &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Choeradoplana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choeradoplana eudoxiae" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Choeradoplana eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections of holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
pharynx
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
prostatic vesicle and male atrium
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cm</emphasis>
common muscle coat,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">co</emphasis>
common glandular ovovitelline duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dd</emphasis>
decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dm</emphasis>
diagonal decussate muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">e</emphasis>
eye,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ej</emphasis>
ejaculatory duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ep</emphasis>
esophagus,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">er</emphasis>
erythrophil secretion,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fa</emphasis>
female atrium,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fd</emphasis>
female genital duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">g</emphasis>
gonopore,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">i</emphasis>
intestine,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lc</emphasis>
longitudinal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ma</emphasis>
male genital atrium,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mk</emphasis>
Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899),
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mo</emphasis>
mouth,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">o</emphasis>
ovary,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ov</emphasis>
ovovitelline duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ph</emphasis>
pharyngeal pouch,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pp</emphasis>
penis papilla,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pv</emphasis>
prostatic vesicle,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">px</emphasis>
pharynx,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">rg</emphasis>
rhabditogen glands,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">r</emphasis>
retractor muscle,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sb</emphasis>
subintestinal transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sd</emphasis>
sperm duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sg</emphasis>
shell glands,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sk</emphasis>
sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sm</emphasis>
spermatophore,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sn</emphasis>
subneural transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp</emphasis>
supra-intestinal transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">t</emphasis>
testis,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vi</emphasis>
vitellaria,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vn</emphasis>
ventral nerve plate.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507875" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Silva &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Choeradoplana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choeradoplana eudoxiae" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Choeradoplana eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
diagrammatic reconstruction of copulatory apparatus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the female atrium. Abbreviations:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cm</emphasis>
common muscle coat,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">co</emphasis>
common glandular ovovitelline duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dd</emphasis>
decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dm</emphasis>
diagonal decussate muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">e</emphasis>
eye,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ej</emphasis>
ejaculatory duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ep</emphasis>
esophagus,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">er</emphasis>
erythrophil secretion,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fa</emphasis>
female atrium,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fd</emphasis>
female genital duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">g</emphasis>
gonopore,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">i</emphasis>
intestine,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lc</emphasis>
longitudinal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ma</emphasis>
male genital atrium,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mk</emphasis>
Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899),
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mo</emphasis>
mouth,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">o</emphasis>
ovary,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ov</emphasis>
ovovitelline duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ph</emphasis>
pharyngeal pouch,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pp</emphasis>
penis papilla,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pv</emphasis>
prostatic vesicle,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">px</emphasis>
pharynx,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">rg</emphasis>
rhabditogen glands,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">r</emphasis>
retractor muscle,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sb</emphasis>
subintestinal transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sd</emphasis>
sperm duct,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sg</emphasis>
shell glands,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sk</emphasis>
sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sm</emphasis>
spermatophore,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sn</emphasis>
subneural transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp</emphasis>
supra-intestinal transverse muscles,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">t</emphasis>
testis,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vi</emphasis>
vitellaria,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vn</emphasis>
ventral nerve plate.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The female atrium is irregular, provided with two or three lateral and dorsal folds (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Holotype A diagrammatic reconstruction of copulatory apparatus B photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the female atrium. Abbreviations: cm common muscle coat, co common glandular ovovitelline duct, dd decussate dorsal cutaneous muscles, dm diagonal decussate muscles, e eye, ej ejaculatory duct, ep esophagus, er erythrophil secretion, fa female atrium, fd female genital duct, g gonopore, i intestine, lc longitudinal cutaneous muscles, ma male genital atrium, mk Muskelgeflecht (Graff, 1899), mo mouth, o ovary, ov ovovitelline duct, ph pharyngeal pouch, pp penis papilla, pv prostatic vesicle, px pharynx, rg rhabditogen glands, r retractor muscle, sb subintestinal transverse muscles, sd sperm duct, sg shell glands, sk sunken longitudinal cutaneous muscles, sm spermatophore, sn subneural transverse muscles, sp supra-intestinal transverse muscles, t testis, vi vitellaria, vn ventral nerve plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507875" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
). This atrium is as long as half the male atrium, and is lined with an 8-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
high epithelium, the cells of which are erythrophil in their subapical portion. This epithelium is pierced by gland cells producing cyanophil granules, and is underlain by a 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm-thick">µm-thick</normalizedToken>
muscle of circular and longitudinal muscle fibers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The common muscular coat is well developed and continuous with the penis bulb. This coat wraps the intrabulbar portion of the prostatic vesicle, and the male and female atria. The length:height ratio of the copulatory apparatus enveloped by the common muscle coat is 2.2:1.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="behavioral note">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Behavioral note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">When touched with a finger on the posterior end, the animal reacted by rolling forward. Firstly, it lifted its posterior extremity forward to touch the ground at the level of the midbody so that the body forms a loop. Next, the loop moved forwards until the anterior third of the body detached from the ground, which subsequently lengthened and touched the substrate. By doing so, the animal moved forward a distance equivalent to half its body length in approximately one second. It then immediately repeated this whole movement repeatedly.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The species described herein matches all diagnostic characteristics of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Silva &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Choeradoplana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choeradoplana" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Choeradoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except for the glandular cushions of the cephalic region, which are not developed. This is so notable that the species was initially assigned to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carbayo &amp; Leal-Zanchet" authorityYear="2003" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cephaloflexa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloflexa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cephaloflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
upon examination of the live and preserved specimen. Regarding the body shape,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carbayo &amp; Leal-Zanchet" authorityYear="2003" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cephaloflexa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloflexa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cephaloflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by having &quot;the anterior third very gradually narrowing, without constriction or widening and without grooves on the ventral surface. The anterior tip rolled upwards and is ventrally concave&quot; (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836901000401" author="Carbayo, F" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="449 - 468" refId="B4" refString="Carbayo, F, Leal-Zanchet, AM, 2003. Two new genera of Geoplaninae (Terricola: Tricladida: Platyhelminthes) of Brazil in the light of cephalic apomorphies. Invertebrate Systematics 17 (3): 449 - 468, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836901000401" title="Two new genera of Geoplaninae (Terricola: Tricladida: Platyhelminthes) of Brazil in the light of cephalic apomorphies." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836901000401" volume="17" year="2003">Carbayo and Leal-Zanchet 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. albonigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="albonigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. albonigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar in this aspect to the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carbayo &amp; Leal-Zanchet" authorityYear="2003" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cephaloflexa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloflexa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cephaloflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. eudoxiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. Unfortunately, it was not possible to sequence DNA from the small tissue available of
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. eudoxiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov., and the homology test of the particular body shape of these two species remains an open question.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The remaining diagnostic attributes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Silva &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Choeradoplana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choeradoplana" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Choeradoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are present in
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. eudoxiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov., such as the ventral cutaneous longitudinal muscle partially sunken into the parenchyma; a retractor muscle of the cephalic extremity with a delta shape in transverse section; and a dorsal decussate parenchymatic muscle modified in the cephalic region into the Muskelgeflecht.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The body color of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. eudoxiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. resembles that of some congeners in the brownish background color with dark black or dark brown spots over it, namely
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carbayo, Silva, Riutort &amp; Alvarez-Presas" authorityYear="2017" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Choeradoplana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choeradoplana abaiba" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="abaiba">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Choeradoplana abaiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0352-4" author="Carbayo, F" journalOrPublisher="Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="187 - 210" refId="B7" refString="Carbayo, F, Silva, MS, Riutort, M, Alvarez-Presas, M, 2018. Rolling into the deep of the land planarian genus Choeradoplana (Tricladida, Continenticola, Geoplanidae) taxonomy. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution 18 (2): 187 - 210, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0352-4" title="Rolling into the deep of the land planarian genus Choeradoplana (Tricladida, Continenticola, Geoplanidae) taxonomy." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0352-4" volume="18" year="2018">Carbayo et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. agua" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="agua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. agua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0352-4" author="Carbayo, F" journalOrPublisher="Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="187 - 210" refId="B7" refString="Carbayo, F, Silva, MS, Riutort, M, Alvarez-Presas, M, 2018. Rolling into the deep of the land planarian genus Choeradoplana (Tricladida, Continenticola, Geoplanidae) taxonomy. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution 18 (2): 187 - 210, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0352-4" title="Rolling into the deep of the land planarian genus Choeradoplana (Tricladida, Continenticola, Geoplanidae) taxonomy." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0352-4" volume="18" year="2018">Carbayo et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. banga" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="banga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. banga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Carbayo &amp; Froehlich, 2012,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. benyai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="benyai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. benyai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lemos &amp; Leal-Zanchet, 2014,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. bocaina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bocaina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. bocaina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Carbayo &amp; Froehlich, 2012,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. cyanoatria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cyanoatria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. cyanoatria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Iturralde &amp; Leal-Zanchet, 2019,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. longivesicula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longivesicula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. longivesicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Iturralde &amp; Leal-Zanchet, 2019,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. pucupucu" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pucupucu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. pucupucu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0352-4" author="Carbayo, F" journalOrPublisher="Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="187 - 210" refId="B7" refString="Carbayo, F, Silva, MS, Riutort, M, Alvarez-Presas, M, 2018. Rolling into the deep of the land planarian genus Choeradoplana (Tricladida, Continenticola, Geoplanidae) taxonomy. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution 18 (2): 187 - 210, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0352-4" title="Rolling into the deep of the land planarian genus Choeradoplana (Tricladida, Continenticola, Geoplanidae) taxonomy." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0352-4" volume="18" year="2018">Carbayo et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
, and the herein-described
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. onae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="onae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. onae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov.,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. riutortae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="riutortae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. riutortae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. claudioi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="claudioi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. claudioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. However, the general aspect of
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. eudoxiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is lighter. Moreover, only
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. eudoxiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. albonigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="albonigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. albonigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack the cephalic glandular cushions among all species of the genus, with the latter having a different, black-striped dorsum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
With respect to the internal morphology,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. eudoxiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. albonigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="albonigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. albonigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. tristriata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tristriata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. tristriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. bocaina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bocaina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. bocaina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. riutortae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="riutortae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. riutortae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov.,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. claudioi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="claudioi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. claudioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov., and
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. onae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="onae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. onae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov. in that the prostatic vesicle is extrabulbar and it is lacking a penis papilla. However, in the latter four species an extrabulbar portion of the prostatic vesicle is dish-shaped, whereas this organ is pear-shaped (in
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. eudoxiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Silva &amp; Carbayo, sp. nov.) or has two short tubular branches (branches (with a pear-shaped organ)
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. tristriata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tristriata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. tristriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">paired tubes</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. albonigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="albonigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. albonigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. eudoxiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eudoxiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. eudoxiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is distinguished from
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. tristriata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tristriata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. tristriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the relatively compact copulatory apparatus of the latter, and from
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. albonigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="albonigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ch. albonigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that the copulatory apparatus in this species is relatively longer, the paired portions of the prostatic vesicle are shorter, and the common glandular ovovitelline duct is relatively shorter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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